COMPUTER NETWORKS

AGENDA
•I N T R O D U C T I O N

•B A S I C S O F C O M P U T E R N E T W O R K I N G

•N E T W O R K D E V I C E S

• TYPES OF COMPUTER NETWORKS

•L A N

•M A N

•W A N

•O T H E R T Y P E S O F C O M P U T E R N E T W O R K S

•D I F F E R E N C E B E T W E E N L A N VS WAN VS MAN

•C O N C L U S I O N
LET’S START!^^
 INTRODUCTION

Brief Overview of Computer Networking: Computer Networking is the practice of

connecting computers together to enable communication and data exchange
between them. In general, a Computer Network is a collection of two or more
computers. It involves the use of hardware and software technologies that enable
communication between computers and other devices. The basic building blocks of
a Computer network are Nodes and Links. Each device in a network has an IP
Address, that helps in identifying a device.
Importance of Studying Computer Networking: Studying networking can keep you
at the forefront of technological advancements, such as software-defined
networking (SDN), virtualization, and network automation. This enables you to
adapt to the changing needs of the industry and remain competitive in the job
market. Computer networking has become an essential component of modern
society, and plays a critical role in the functioning of businesses, governments, and
individuals alike. As technology continues to advance, computer networking will
continue to evolve and play an increasingly important role in our daily lives.
 BASICS OF COMPUTER NETWORKING
A computer network is a system that connects Basic Terminologies of Computer Networks-
numerous independent computers in order to
Network: A network is a collection of computers and devices that are
share information (data) and resources. The connected together to enable communication and data exchange.
integration of computers and other different
devices allows users to communicate more easily. A Nodes: Nodes are devices that are connected to a network. These can include
computer network is a collection of two or more computers, Servers, Printers, Routers, Switches, and other devices.
computer systems that are linked together. Protocol: A protocol is a set of rules and standards that govern how data is
transmitted over a network. Examples of protocols include TCP/IP, HTTP,
How Does a Computer Network Work? and FTP.
Basics building blocks of a Computer network are Topology: Network topology refers to the physical and logical arrangement of
Nodes and Links. A Network Node can be illustrated nodes on a network. The common network topologies include bus, star, ring,
as Equipment for Data Communication like a mesh, and tree.
Modem, Router, etc., or Equipment of a Data Service Provider Networks: These types of Networks give permission to take
Terminal like connecting two computers or more. Network Capacity and Functionality on lease from the Provider. Service
Link in Computer Networks can be defined as wires Provider Networks include Wireless Communications, Data Carriers, etc.
or cables or free space of wireless networks. The
working of Computer Networks can be simply IP Address: An IP address is a unique numerical identifier that is assigned to
every device on a network. IP addresses are used to identify devices and
defined as rules or protocols which help in sending enable communication between them.
and receiving data via the links which allow
Computer networks to communicate. Each device DNS: The Domain Name System (DNS) is a protocol that is used to translate
has an IP Address, that helps in identifying a device. human-readable domain names (such as www.google.com) into IP
addresses that computers can understand.
Firewall: A firewall is a security device that is used to monitor and control
incoming and outgoing network traffic. Firewalls are used to protect
networks from unauthorized access and other security threats.
 NETWORK DEVICES

Network Devices: Network devices, also known as networking hardware, are

physical devices that allow hardware on a computer network to
communicate and interact with one another. For example Repeater, Hub,
Bridge, Switch, Routers, Gateway, Brouter, and NIC, etc.
1. Repeater – A repeater operates at the physical layer. Its job is to amplifies
(i.e., regenerates) the signal over the same network before the signal
becomes too weak or corrupted to extend the length to which the signal can
be transmitted over the same network. When the signal becomes weak, they
copy it bit by bit and regenerate it at its star topology connectors connecting
following the original strength. It is a 2-port device.
2. Hub – A hub is a basically multi-port repeater. A hub connects multiple
wires coming from different branches, for example, the connector in star
topology which connects different stations. Hubs cannot filter data, so data
packets are sent to all connected devices. In other words, the collision
domain of all hosts connected through Hub remains one. Also, they do not
have the intelligence to find out the best path for data packets which leads
to inefficiencies and wastage.
 TYPES OF COMPUTER NETWORKS

•Computer Network is the interconnection of multiple •Computer Network is the interconnection

devices. Mainly there are three types of computer between multiple devices. Computer Network
networks: LAN (Local Area Network), WAN (Wide allows to send and receive data and information
Area Network), and MAN (Metropolitan Area between different connected devices. Different
Network). devices in a network are connected through links.
•LAN is used to connect devices in a small area like a
building, office, etc.
•MAN covers the devices connected within a town or
a city.
•WAN covers a large geographical area such as a
continent or a country. System Area Network, Home
Area Network, and Campus Area Network are some
other network types.
•Based on the size of the network, ownership, and
distance covered by the network, there are three types of
computer networks:
1. Local Area Network (LAN)
2. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
3. Wide area network (WAN)
LAN(LOCAL AREA NETWORK)
A Local Area Network (LAN) is a group of
connected devices that are in a limited area such
as a school, office, building, or home. It is a
network mostly used for sharing hardware
resources such as printers, files, scanners, etc. If
we talk about the simplest LAN network then we
will consider a computer and a printer connected
in a home as the simplest network. The data
transmission speed of the LAN is up to 10 Mbps.
There are two types of LAN:
Wired LAN– In this type of LAN, wired cables such as twisted pair or
coaxial cables are used for the connection and transmission of data.
Wireless LAN– In this type of LAN, devices are connected by wireless
cables such as radio, and light waves.
 CHARACTERISTICS, ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES
Characteristics
Advantages
LAN is a type of network owned by the private LAN allows sharing of computer hardware like printers,
owner scanners, etc. which may reduce the cost of buying
expensive computer hardware.
LAN can be used to connect printers, personal LAN permits to share of a single internet facility among the
computers, etc. devices connected to LAN.
LAN provides high security and fault tolerance capability.
LAN Networks can be designed very easily.
It allows the transmission of data between people and
Troubleshooting of LAN networks is easy. devices at a high transmission rate.
Disadvantages
Data transfer rate of the LAN network is about
10 Gbits/s. LAN reduces the cost by allowing sharing of computer
hardware, but the initial installation cost of LAN is very high.
It is a network which is limited to the local Technical and skilled manpower is required for the
area. configuration and installation of the LAN network.
Due to the sharing of computer resources among the
LAN operates relatively faster than the WAN devices, sometimes the operation speed of the network may
network. slow down.
MAN (METROPOLITA N AREA
NETWORK)

A Metropolitan Area Network or MAN is a network

connecting devices across an entire town, entire city, or any
other small region. This is a network larger than LAN but
smaller than the WAN. WAN stands for Wide Area Network
which is used to connect devices geographically such as across
the country or continent. MAN network works between LAN
and WAN. MAN can be used to connect multiple LAN
networks. When one LAN uses modems, direct digit devices,
and any other media types to connect with other LAN, then it
covers a large area which is considered a Metropolitan Area
Network (MAN).
 CHARACTERISTICS, ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES
Characteristics Advantages
MAN is a larger network in comparison to LAN. MAN network connects all the branches of the company
that exist in the same city.
MAN network generally covers the towns and Dual Bus in MAN networks permits bidirectional data
cities in a maximum of 50 km range transfer concurrently.
MAN network is considered economical as it allows the
MAN is the most used medium in cables and sharing of resources among all the branches of the
optical fibers. company which are in the city
Disadvantages
Can be expensive to set up and maintain.
May experience congestion and network performance
issues with increased usage.
May have limited fault tolerance and security compared
to LANs.
Difficult to manage, especially when it becomes large.
Vulnerable to security breaches and hacking attacks.
WAN(WIDE AREA NETWORK)
WAN stands for Wide Area Network is a type of computer
network which can cover a large geographical area such as a
continent, or a country. The size of the WAN network is
larger than the LAN and MAN network. When the size of the
network grows more than the MAN then it is considered a
WAN. Usually, telecommunication networks are considered
a Wide Area Network. WAN Network could be an
interconnection between two or more LANs that are
connected through telephone lines or radio waves.
 CHARACTERISTICS, ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES
Characteristics
Advantages
WAN is used to cover a large geographical WAN allows covering a large geographical area.
area, like a country.
Offices situated at longer distances from each other can
easily communicate through WAN.
WAN can be used to connect within the world
and around the world. Allows connecting devices like mobile phones, laptops,
tablets, etc.
Any office and organization can use WAN to
Disadvantages
form its global integrated network.
There are more chances of error and issues because of
the use of more technologies and wide coverage.
Provides less security in comparison to other types of
networks.
The initial and configuration cost of WAN is very high.
Skilled technicians and network administrators are
required for the setup of this network.
OTHER TYPES OF COMPUTER NETWORKS
• WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network)
• Storage Area Network
• System Area Network
• Home Area Network
• POLAN- Passive Optical LAN
• Enterprise private network
• Campus Area Network
• Virtual Area Network
1) WLAN: WLAN stands for Wireless Local Area Network. WLAN allows one to 5) Home Area Network (HAN): Home Area Network (HAN) is used to
connect single or multiple devices in a limited area like schools, homes, establish the connection between two or more computers within a home. It
offices, etc. using a wireless connection. It allows for the transmission of data allows the building of a Local Area Network within the home. HAN allows
among the connected devices within the local coverage area. WLAN can be the sharing of printers, files, programs, etc. within the home. This network is
private or public according to the requirement of the user. useful when there is more than one computer in a home.

2) Storage-Area Network (SAN) :A Storage Area Network is a type of network 6) Enterprise Private Network: Enterprise private networks (EPN) are
that allows consolidated, block-level data storage. It is mainly used to make networks that are owned and built by businesses that wish to share
storage devices, like disk arrays, optical jukeboxes, and tape libraries. different computer resources by securely connecting different locations.

3) System-Area Network :System Area Network is a network that is used for 7) Campus Area Network (CAN): A Campus Area Network is a network that
the local network. It provides a high-speed connection facility in processor- is established by the interconnecting LAN of a specific geographical area. For
to-processor and server-to-server applications. example, there is a university campus that is linked with other campus
buildings. So in this type of situation, CAN is used to connect all academic
4) Passive Optical Local Area Network (POLAN) :Passive Optical Local Area
departments.
(POLAN) Network is considered an alternative to the traditional switch-based
Ethernet. This network helps the user to integrate into structured cabling. It 8) Virtual Private Network: A Virtual Private Network abbreviated as VPN is
is a network designed to overcome the concerns related to supporting a private network that allows connecting remote sites and users by using the
Ethernet protocols and network applications. public network.VPN provides us with an option to create a protected
network connection using public networks.
 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN LAN VS MAN VS WAN

LAN MAN WAN

MAN stands for Metropolitan Area

LAN stands for Local Area Network WAN stands for Wide Area Network.
Network
Speed of WAN network is low in
Speed of LAN network is very high Speed of MAN network is average
comparison of LAN
Private organizations own the LAN Ownership of the MAN network can Ownership of the WAN network can
network be public or private. be public or private.
MAN has maintenance cost more Maintenance cost of WAN is more
LAN has a low maintenance cost.
than LAN than both LAN and WAN.
Congestion is more than both LAN
Congestion is less in LAN. Congestion is more than LAN.
and MAN.

LAN covers small areas such as the MAN covers a large area such as a WAN can cover a large geographical
same office or building. city or town. area such as country, continent, etc.
 CONCLUSI ON
•COMPUTER NETWORK CONNECT MULTIPLE DEVICES VIA LINKS AND
ALLOWS THE TRANSMISSION OF DATA AND INFORMATION BETWEEN
DIFFERENT CONNECTED DEVICES.

•BASED ON THE SIZE, AND DISTANCE COVERED BY THE NETWORK THERE ARE
THREE TYPES OF COMPUTER NETWORKS I.E. LAN, WAN, AND MAN.

•LAN (LOCAL AREA NETWORK) IS GENERALLY USED TO CONNECT DEVICES OF

A LIMITED AREA SUCH AS A BUILDING, HOME, OFFICE, ETC.

•MAN (METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK) IS USED TO CONNECT THE DEVICES

AMONG THE CITY, A TOWN, OR ANY OTHER SMALL AREA.

•WAN (WIDE AREA NETWORK) IS A TYPE OF NETWORK THAT COVERS A

LARGE GEOGRAPHICAL AREA.

•WLAN (WIRELESS LOCAL AREA NETWORK), STORAGE AREA NETWORK,

SYSTEM AREA NETWORK, HOME AREA NETWORK, POLAN- PASSIVE OPTICAL
LAN, ENTERPRISE PRIVATE NETWORK, CAMPUS AREA NETWORK, AND
VIRTUAL AREA NETWORK ARE OTHER TYPES OF COMPUTER NETWORKS.
REFERENCES
•G E E K S F O R G E E K S

•C L A S S 1 2 T H N C E R T C O M P U T E R
SCIENCE TEXTBOOK

•S C A L E R T O P I C S

•G O O G L E
^^THANK YOU!!

Created by:
ANKITA RAJ
Class:- 12th A
Roll no: 45
Subject: COMPUTER SCIENCE