MATHEMATICS & STATISTICS (COMMERCE)

SOLUTION OF MODEL PRACTICE PAPER – 1

SECTION – I
Q. 1. (A) (i) (d) Mumbai is the capital of India.
(ii) (b) x − 2
x
(iii) (c) − 12
t
(iv) (a) 2x − y = 0

(v) (c) 1 log (8)

2 3
d 2y dy
(vi) (b) x 2
+ 2 = 0.
dx dx

Q. 1. (B) (i) True

(ii) True
(iii) False.

1
Q. 1. (C) (i) different (ii) y (iii) − .
e

Q. 2. (A) (i) p q ∼p ∼q p ∧ ∼ q ∼ p ∧ ∼ q (p ∧ ∼ q) → (∼ p ∧ ∼ q)
T T F F F F T
T F F T T F F
F T T F F F T
F F T T F T T

The entries in the last column are neither all T nor all F.
∴ (p ∧ ∼q) → (∼ p ∧ ∼ q) is a contingency.

(ii) ex + e y = e (x + y) ... (1)

Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
dy d
ex + ey · = e (x + y) · (x + y)
dx dx

·(1+ )
dy (x + y) dy
∴ ex + ey · =e
dx dx
dy dy
∴ ex + ey · = e (x + y) + e (x + y) ·
dx dx

SOLUTION TO NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. XII (MATHEMATICS) 1

 dy (x + y)
∴ [ey − e(x + y) ] =e − ex
dx
dy x y x
∴ ( ey − ex − ey ) =e +e −e ... [By (1)]
dx
dy y
∴ − ex · =e
dx
dy ey
∴ = − x = − ey−x.
dx e

(iii) Let I = s
1
6
dx
x (x + 1)

=s
x5
dx
x6 (x6 + 1)

Put x6 = t ∴ 6x5 dx = dt
1
∴ x5 dx = dt
6

∴ I=s
1 dt
·
t (t + 1) 6

= s dt = s ( − ) dt
1 ( t + 1) − t 1 1 1
6 t (t + 1) 6 t t+1

=  s dt − s
1 1 1
dt 
6 t t+1

1
= [log (t) − log | t + 1 | ] + c
6

= log | | + c = log | 6 | + c.
1 t 1 x6
6 t+1 6 x +1

Q. 2. (B) (i) Let the three numbers be x, y and z.

According to the given condition,
x+y+z=6
3z + y = 11, i.e. y + 3z = 11
and x + z = 2y, i.e. x − 2y + z = 0
Hence, the system of linear equations is
x+y+z=6
y + 3z = 11
x − 2y + z = 0

2 NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STANDARD XII ( MATHEMATICS )

 These equations can be written in matrix form as :
1 1 1 x 6
0 1 3   y  =  11 
1 −2 1 z 0

By R3 − R1, we get
1 1 1 x 6
0 1 3   y  =  11 
0 −3 0 z −6

x+y+z 6
∴  0 + y + 3z  =  11 
0 − 3y + 0 −6
By equality of matrices
x+y+z=6 ... (1)
y + 3z = 11 ... (2)
− 3y = − 6 ... (3)
From (3), y = 2
Substituting y = 2 in (2), we get
2 + 3z = 11
∴ 3z = 9 ∴ z=3
Substituting y = 2, z = 3 in (1), we get
x+2+3=6 ∴ x=1
∴ x = 1, y = 2, z = 3
Hence, the required numbers are 1, 2 and 3.

(ii) Let x cm and y cm be the length and breadth of the rectangle.

Then its perimeter is 2 (x + y) = 36
∴ x + y = 18 ∴ y = 18 − x
Area of the rectangle = xy = x (18 − x)
Let f (x) = x (18 − x) = 18x − x2
d
Then f ′(x) = (18x − x2)
dx

= 18 × 1 − 2x = 18 − 2x
d
and f (x) = (18 − 2x)
dx

=0−2×1= −2
Now, f ′(x) = 0, if 18 − 2x = 0, i.e. if x = 9
and f (9) = − 2 < 0

SOLUTION TO NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. XII (MATHEMATICS) 3

 ∴ by the second derivative test, f has maximum value at x = 9.
When x = 9, y = 18 − 9 = 9
Hence, the rectangle is a square of side 9 cm.

3 ef
3
x+5
efx + 5 + ef
(iii) Let I = ∫ 3 3
dx ... (1)
1 9−x

b b
We use the property, ∫ f (x) dx = ∫ f (a + b − x ) dx
a a

Hence in I, we replace x by 1 + 3 − x.

3 ef
3
1+3−x+5
ef1 + 3 − x + 5 + ef
∴ I=∫ 3 3
dx
1 9−1−3+x

3 ef
3
9−x
ef9 − x + ef
=∫ 3 3
dx ... (2)
1 x+5

Adding (1) and (2), we get

3 ef
3
x+5 3 ef
3
9−x
efx + 5+ ef9 − x 1 ef9 − x + efx + 5
2I = ∫ 3 3
dx + ∫ 3 3
dx
1

3 ef
3
x + 5 + ef
3
9−x
efx + 5 + ef9 − x
=∫ 3 3
dx
1

3
= ∫ 1 dx = [x]31 = 3 − 1 = 2
1

∴ I=1
3 ef
3
x+5
1 efx + 5 + ef9 − x
Hence, ∫ 3 3
dx = 1.

Q. 3. (A) (i) Let p : A man is a bachelor.

q : He is happy.

Then the symbolic form of given statement is p → q.

Converse : q → p is the converse of p → q,

i.e. If a man is happy, then he is a bachelor.

Inverse : ∼ p → ∼ q is the inverse of p → q,

i.e. If a man is not a bachelor, then he is not happy.

4 NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STANDARD XII ( MATHEMATICS )

 Contrapositive : ∼ q → ∼ p is the contrapositive of p → q,
i.e. If a man is not happy, then he is not a bachelor.

(ii) f (x) = 2x3 − 15x2 − 144x − 7

d
∴ f ′(x) = ( 2x3 − 15x2 − 144x − 7)
dx

= 2 × 3x2 − 15 × 2x − 144 × 1 − 0
= 6x2 − 30x − 144 = 6 (x2 − 5x − 24)

f is increasing, if f ′(x) > 0

i.e. if 6 (x2 − 5x − 24 ) > 0
i.e. if x2 − 5x − 24 > 0
i.e. if x2 − 5x > 24
25 25
i.e. if x2 − 5x + > 24 +
4 4

i.e. if ( x − ) >
5 2 121
2 4

5 11 5 11
i.e. if x − > or x − < −
2 2 2 2

i.e. if x > 8 or x < − 3

i.e. if x ∈ ( − ∞, − 3) ∪ (8, ∞)
∴ f is increasing, if x ∈ ( − ∞, − 3) ∪ (8, ∞ ).

(iii) ∫x3 log x dx = ∫(log x) · x3 dx

= (log x) ∫x3 dx − s [
d
(log x) ∫x3 dx] dx
dx

− s × dx
x4 1 x4
= (log x) ·
4 x 4

− s x dx
x4 log x 1 3
=
4 4

x4 log x 1 x4
= − × +c
4 4 4

x4 log x x4
= − + c.
x 16

SOLUTION TO NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. XII (MATHEMATICS) 5

Q. 3. (B) (i) Y
B (0, 5)

X’ O A (2, 0) X

Y’

By the symmetry of the ellipse, its area is equal to 4 times the area of the region
OABO. Clearly for this region, the limits of integration are 0 and 2.
From the equation of the ellipse,
y2 x2 4 − x2
=1− =
25 4 4
25
∴ y2 = (4 − x2)
4

In the first quadrant, y > 0

∴ y = gh4 − x2
5
2

∴ area of ellipse = 4 (area of the region OABO)

2
= 4 ∫ y dx
0

gh4 − x2 dx
2 5
=4∫
0 2

= 10 ∫ gh4 − x2 dx
2

0
2
= 10 [ gh4 − x2 + sin−1 ( ) ]
x 4 x
2 2 2 0

... [ ∵ s gha2 − x2 dx = gha2 − x2 + sin−1 ( ) ]

x a2 x
2 2 a

=10 [{ ef4 − 4+2 sin−1 (1) } − { ef4 − 0+2 sin−1(0)}]

2 0
2 2

... [ ∵ sin−1 (1) = , sin−1 (0) = 0]

π π
= 10 × 2 × = 10π sq units.
2 2

(ii) (x2 − y2) dx + 2xy dy = 0

∴ 2xy dy = − (x2 − y2) dx = (y2 − x2) dx

6 NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STANDARD XII ( MATHEMATICS )

 dy y2 − x2
∴ = ... (1)
dx 2xy
dy dv
Put y = vx. ∴ =v+x
dx dx
dv v2x2 − x2
∴ (1) becomes, v + x =
dx 2x · vx
dv v2 − 1
∴ v+x =
dx 2v
dv v2 − 1 v2 − 1 − 2v2
∴ x = −v=
dx 2v 2v

=−( )
dv − 1 − v2 1 + v2
∴ x =
dx 2v 2v
2v 1
∴ 2
dv = − dx
1+v x

Integrating, we get

s dv = − s dx
2v 1
2 x
1+v

∴ log | 1 + v2 | = − log x + log c

... [ ∵ (1 + v2) = 2v and s dx = log | f (x) | + c ]

d f ′(x)
dv f (x)

∴ log | 1 + | = − log x + log c

y2
x2

∴ log | | = log | |
x2 + y2 c
2 x
x

x2 + y2 c
∴ =
x2 x

∴ x2 + y2 = cx
This is the general solution.

Q. 3. (C) (i) Given : A = [ ]

1 −1
2 3

∴ |A| = | |=3+2= 5 ≠0
1 −1
2 3
∴ A − 1 exists.
Now, M11 = 3, A11 = ( − 1)1 + 1 M11 = 1(3) = 3
M12 = 2, A12 = ( − 1)1 + 2 M12 = − 1(2) = − 2

SOLUTION TO NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. XII (MATHEMATICS) 7

 M21 = − 1, A21 = ( − 1)2 + 1 M21 = − 1( − 1) = 1
M22 = 1, A22 = ( − 1)2 + 2 M22 = 1(1) = 1

Cofactor matrix = [Aij]2 × 2 = [ ]

A11 A12
A21 A22

= [ ]
3 −2
1 1

∴ adj A = [ ]
31
−2 1
1
∴ A− 1 = (adj A)
|A|

[ ] .
1 31
∴ A− 1 =
5 −2 1

(ii) Let x be the number of bacteria at time t. Since the rate of increase of x is
proportional to x, the differential equation can be written as :
dx
∝x
dt
dx
∴ = kx, where k is a constant of proportionality.
dt
dx
∴ = k dt
x

Integrating, we get

s
dx
= k ∫dt
x
∴ log x = kt + c
∴ log x = kt + c log e ... [ ∵ log e = 1]
∴ log x − log ec = kt

∴ log ( c) = kt
x
e

∴ x = ec · ekt = aekt , where a = ec ... (1)

When t = t0, x = N
∴ N=a
∴ x = Nekt ... (2)

Also, when t = 3, x = 2N

8 NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STANDARD XII ( MATHEMATICS )

 From equation (2), we get
2N = Ne3k ∴ e3k = 2
1
∴ ek = 23
t
∴ from equation (2), x = N∙23
When x = 4N, we get
t
4N = N∙23
t
t
∴ 22 = 2 3 ∴ =2
3
∴ t= 6

Hence, the number of bacteria will be 4N in 6 hours.

SECTION – II

Q. 4. (A) (i) (a) the legal due date

(ii) (d) premium
σy
(iii) (b) r ·
σx
(iv) (d) Mean
Σ p1 q0 Σ p1 q1
+
Σ p0 q0 Σ p0 q1
(v) (c) × 100
2

(vi) (c) If LPP has two optimum solutions, then it has infinitely many solutions.

Q. 4. (B) (i) True

(ii) False

(iii) False.

Q. 4. (C) (i) commercial discount

Σ q1
(ii) × 100
Σ q0
(iii) x ≥ 2y.

Q. 5. (A) (i) Value of the stock = ` 7,00,000

Policy value of the stock = ` 4,50,000
Value of the stock burnt = ` 3,00,000

SOLUTION TO NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. XII (MATHEMATICS) 9

 The value of the remaining stock = ` (700000 − 300000)
= ` 4,00,000
Damage to the remaining stock
75
= 400000 × = ` 3,00,000
100

Total loss = ` (300000 + 300000)

= ` 6,00,000

Policy value
Claim = × Loss
Stock value
450000
= × 600000
700000
= 3,85,714.28 ≈ 3,85,714.30

Amount to be claimed is ` 3,85,714.30.

(ii) Given : byx = 0.4, bxy = 0.9, r = ?, σx2 = 9, σy2= ?

r = ± efbyx . bxy = ± ef0.4 × 0.9 = ± ef0.36

= 0.6 ... [∵ byx and bxy are positive]

Now, byx = 0.4

σy
∴ r. = 0.4
σx
σy
∴ 0.6 × = 0.4 ... [∵ σx2 = 9 ∴ σx = 3]
3

∴ 0.2 σy = 0.4
0.4
∴ σy = =2
0.2

∴ σy2= (2)2 = 4

Hence, the variance of Y is 4.

10 NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STANDARD XII ( MATHEMATICS )

 (iii) We construct the following table to obtain 5-yearly moving averages for the given
data :
Production 5-yearly moving
Year 5-yearly
(in 000 tonnes) averages
t moving total
xt (Trend value)
1962 00 – –
1963 00 – –
1964 01 06 1.2
1965 01 08 1.6
1966 04 12 2.4
1967 02 20 4.0
1968 04 26 5.2
1969 09 32 6.4
1970 07 38 7.6
1971 10 – –
1972 08 – –

Q. 5. (B) (i) First we draw the lines AB, CD and ED whose equations are x = 4, y = 6 and
x + y = 6 respectively.
Points on Points on
Line Equation Sign Region
the X-axis the Y-axis
AB x=4 A (4, 0) – ≤ origin side of the
line AB
CD y=6 – D (0, 6) ≤ origin side of the
line CD
ED x+y=6 E (6, 0) D (0, 6) ≤ origin side of the
line ED
Y Scale : 1 cm = 1 unit
7 on both axes

y=6 B
D
6
C
5 x+
y=
6
4

3
P
2

1
A E

X′ O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 X

x=4
Y′

SOLUTION TO NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. XII (MATHEMATICS) 11

 The feasible region is shaded portion OAPDO in the figure.
The vertices of the feasible region are O (0, 0), A (4, 0), P and D (0, 6).
P is the point of intersection of the lines x + y = 6 and x = 4.
Substituting x = 4 in x + y = 6, we get
4+y=6 ∴ y=2 ∴ P is (4, 2).
∴ the corner points of feasible region are O (0, 0), A (4, 0), P (4, 2) and D (0, 6).
The values of the objective function z = 11x + 8y at these vertices are
z (O) = 11(0) + 8(0) = 0 + 0 = 0
z(A) = 11(4) + 8(0) = 44 + 0 = 44
z (P) = 11(4) + 8(2) = 44 + 16 = 60
z (D) = 11(0) + 8(2) = 0 + 16 = 16
∴ z has maximum value 60, when x = 4 and y = 2.

(ii) Step 1 : Subtract the smallest element in each row from every element of that
row :
Mileage of Stations
Wagons
I II III IV V
1 5 0 4 13 6
2 7 3 0 6 8
3 5 0 2 2 3
4 9 0 3 8 6
5 5 0 8 13 4

Step 2 : Subtract the smallest element of each column from every element of that
column :
Mileage of Stations
Wagons
I II III IV V
1 0 0 4 11 3
2 2 3 0 04 5
3 0 0 2 00 0
4 4 0 3 06 3
5 0 0 8 11 1

The number of lines covering all zeros (4) is not equal to order of matrix (5).
So solution has not reached.

12 NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STANDARD XII ( MATHEMATICS )

 Step 3 : Therefore, subtract the smallest uncovered element (1) from all uncovered
elements and add it to all elements which lie at the intersection of two lines. All
other elements on the line remain unchanged.

Mileage of Stations
Wagons
I II III IV V
1 0 0 4 10 2
2 2 3 0 03 4
3 1 1 3 00 0
4 4 0 3 05 2
5 0 0 8 10 0

The number of lines covering all zeros is equal to order of matrix.

Step 4 : Hence, optimal solution has reached. Therefore, the optimal assignment
is made as follows :
Mileage of Stations
Wagons
I II III IV V
1 0 0 4 10 2
2 2 3 0 03 4
3 1 1 3 00 0
4 4 0 3 05 2
5 0 0 8 02 0

The optimal assignment is shown as follows :

Wagons Stations Miles
1 I 10
2 III 06
3 IV 04
4 II 09
5 V 10
The minimum mileage covered = 10 + 6 + 4 + 9 + 10 = 39 miles.

(iii) f (x) = {
kx (1 − x), for 0 < x < 1,
0, otherwise.

f (x) is p.d.f. of a r.v. X if

∞
∫ f (x) dx = 1
−∞

SOLUTION TO NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. XII (MATHEMATICS) 13

 0 1 ∞
∴ ∫ f (x) dx + ∫ f (x) dx + ∫ f (x) dx = 1
−∞ 0 1
1
∴ 0 + ∫ f (x) dx + 0 = 1
0
1
∴ ∫ kx (1 − x) dx = 1
0
1 1
∴ ∫ kx dx − ∫ kx2dx = 1
0 0

∴ [ ] −[ ] =1
2 1 1
kx kx3
2 0 3 0
k k
∴ − =1
2 3
∴ 3k − 2k = 6 ∴ k=6

(a) P [ < X < ] = ∫ 6x (1 − x) dx

1/2
1 1
4 2 1/4
1/2 1/2
= ∫ 6x dx − ∫ 6x2 dx
1/4 1/4
1/2 1/2
=[ ] −[ ]
6x2 6x3
2 1/4 3 1/4

=[ − ]−[ − ]
6 6 6 6
8 32 24 192

24 − 6 48 − 6 18 42
= − = −
32 192 32 192
108 − 42 66 11
= = =
192 192 32

Hence, P [ < X < ] = .

1 1 11
4 2 32

(b) P [ X < ] = ∫ 6x (1 − x) dx = ∫ 6x dx − ∫ 6x2 dx

1/2 1/2 1/2
1
2 0 0 0

1/2 1/2
=[ ] −[ ]
6x2 6x3
2 0 3 0

6 6
= −
8 24
18 − 6
=
24
12 1
= = .
24 2

14 NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STANDARD XII ( MATHEMATICS )

Q. 6. (A) (i) Let Deepak’s sale be ` x.
3 3x
Commission at 3 % = ` x × =`
100 100

∴ his income is ` ( 4000 + )

3x
... (1)
100
Now, the commission is 2 %
2 2x
∴ commission = ` x × =` .
100 100

But now the salary is ` 5000.

∴ his income is ` ( 5000 + )

2x
... (2)
100
There is no change in his income.

∴ ( 4000 + ) = ( 5000 + )
3x 2x
... [From (1) and (2) ]
100 100
3x 2x x
∴ − = 5000 − 4000 ∴ = 1000
100 100 100
∴ x = 1,00,000
Deepak’s sales is ` 1,00,000.

(ii) Taking year on X-axis and production on Y-axis, we plot the points for production
corresponding to years. Joining these points we get the graph of time series. We fit
a trend line as shown in the following figure :
Y Scale : X-axis 1 cm = 1 Year
Y-axis 1 cm = 1 Unit
10

8
Amount of sugar (in lakh tonnes)

7
Trend line
6

O 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 X
Year

SOLUTION TO NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. XII (MATHEMATICS) 15

 (iii) X = Number of cars hired on a day
X ∼ P (m = 1.5), e−1.5 = 0.2231
e−m mx
∴ P[X=x ]=
x!
e−1.5
(1.5)x
=
x!
(1.5)x
= 0.2231 ×
x!
(a) P [ No car is used on a given day ]
=P[X=0]
(1.5)0
= 0.2231 × = 0.2231 × 1 = 0.2231
0!
Hence, the probability that no car is used on a given day is 0.2231.
(b) P [ Some demand is refused on a given day ]
=P[X>2]
= 1 − P (X ≤ 2)
= 1 − [ P (X = 0) + P (X = 1) + P (X = 2) ]

]
(1.5)0 (1.5)1 (1.5)2
= 1−[0.2231 × + 0.2231 × + 0.2231 ×
0! 1! 2!
= 1 − [0.2231 × 1 + 0.2231 × 1.5 + 0.2231 × 1.125]
= 1 − [ 0.2231 (1 + 1.5 + 1.125) ]
= 1 − [ 0.2231 × 3.625 ] = 1 − 0.8087 = 0.1913
Hence, some demand is refused on a given day is 0.1913.

Q. 6. (B) (i) X = Marks in Economics, Y = Marks in Mathematics.

We prepare the following table for calculation :
(x – x) (y – y)
x y (x – x) (y – y) (x – x)2
x=61 y= 80.4
59 78 –2 – 2.4 – 4.8 4
60 82 –1 – 1.6 – 1.6 1
61 82 –0 – 1.6 – 1.0 0
62 79 –1 – 1.4 – 1.4 1
63 81 –2 – 0.6 – 1.2 4

– 6.0
– 3.0
Σ x = 305 Σ y = 402 Σ (x – x) = 0 Σ (y – y) = 0 Σ (x – x)(y – y) = 3 Σ (x – x)2 = 10

16 NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STANDARD XII ( MATHEMATICS )

 Here, n = 5
Σx 305 Σy 402
x= = = 61; y = = = 80.4
n 5 n 5

Regression equation of Y on X :
y = a + byx · x
Σ (x −x)(y − y) 3
byx = = = 0.3
Σ (x −x) 2 10

a = y − byx · x
Putting y = 80.4, byx = 0.3 and x = 61, we get
a = 80.4 − 0.3 (61)
= 80.4 − 18.3 = 62.1
∴ a = 62.1.
Putting a = 62.1 and byx = 0.3 in y = a + byx · x, we get the regression equation of
Y on X as follows :
y = 62.1 + 0.3x
i.e. y = 0.3x + 62.1.

(ii) Given : Σp0q0=120, Σp1q1=140, Σp0q1=160, Σp1q0=200

Laspeyre’s Price Index Number :
Σp1q0
P01(L) = × 100
Σp0q0
200
= × 100
120
= 1.6667 × 100 = 166.67

Paasche’s Price Index Number :

Σp1q1
P01(P) = × 100
Σp0q1
140
= × 100 = 0.875 × 100
160
= 87.5

Dorbish-Bowley’s Price Index Number :

Σp1q0 Σp1q1
+
Σp0q0 Σp0q1
P01(D-B) = × 100
2
200 140
+
120 160
= × 100
2

SOLUTION TO NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. XII (MATHEMATICS) 17

 1.6667 + 0.875
= × 100
2
2.5417
= × 100
2
= 1.27085 × 100 = 127.085
Marshall-Edgeworth’s Price Index Number :
Σp1q0 + Σp1q1
P01(M-E) = × 100
Σp0q0 + Σp0q1
200 + 140
= × 100
120 + 160
340
= × 100
280
= 1.2142 × 100 = 121.42

Hence, Laspeyre’s Price Index Number = 166.67

Paasche’s Price Index Number = 87.5
Dorbish-Bowley’s Price Index Number = 127.085
Marshall-Edgeworth’s Price Index Number=121.42.

Q. 6. (C) (i) Given jobs can be arranged in optimal sequence as

1 6 3 5 2 7 4

Printing time Binding time

Jobs (in hours) (in hours)
In Out In Out
1 0 20 20 45

6 20 45 45 80

3 45 95 95 138

5 95 205 205 285

2 205 265 285 325

7 265 320 325 365

4 320 350 365 389

Total elapsed time = 389 hours.

Idle time for printing = 389 − 350 = 39 hours.
Idle time for binding = 20 + 15 + 67 = 102 hours.

18 NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STANDARD XII ( MATHEMATICS )

(ii) Let X = number of defective items
p = probability of defective item
10 1
∴ p = 10% = =
100 10
1 9
and q = 1 − p = 1 − =
10 10

P (X = x) = nCx px qn − x, where n = 4

∴ P (X = x) = 4Cx ( ) ( )
1 x 9 4−x
10 10

∴ P (Not more than one defective item)

= P (X ≤ 1) = P (X = 0) + P (X = 1)

= 4C0 ( ) ( ) + 4C1 ( ) ( )
1 0 9 4−0 1 1 9 4−1
10 10 10 10

= 1 × 1 × (0.9)4 + 4 × 0.1 × (0.9)3

= (0.9)3 [0.9 + 0.4] = (0.9)3 (1.3)
= 1.3(0.9)3 .

SOLUTION TO NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. XII (MATHEMATICS) 19