Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Inventive Systems and Control (ICISC 2020)

IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP20J06-ART; ISBN: 978-1-7281-2813-9

Closed-Loop Design of Fuzzy Logic Controller in

Solar Power Generation
Dr. Mahadev Unde Miss. Komal Deokar Mr. Manoj Hans Miss. Shital Kawthe
Dept. of Electrical Dept of Electrical Dept of Electrical Dept of Electrical
Engineering Engineering Engineering Engineering
Zeal College of Zeal College of Engineering, Zeal College of Engineering, Zeal College of Engineering,
Engineering, Narhe Narhe Narhe Narhe
Pune, India Pune, India Pune, India Pune, India
[email protected] m komal.deokar95@g mail.co m [email protected] [email protected] m

Abstract—This paper presents the designing of the which is used to provide power to AC load [4]. There are
MATLAB model for a closed-loop fuzzy logic controller in different methods to use optimal power produced by a solar
solar power generation. To reduce harmonics generated by system such as Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) in
non-linear loads, a reference signal of the load is given to a
[5], [6], [7] which captures maximum power produced,
fuzzy controller in order to make the system as a closed loop.
The main objective of the proposed method is to improve the
PWM (Pulse Width Modulation). By using conventional
efficiency of the system by reducing Total Harmonic Distortion control methods such as PI controller [8] and hybrid PI
(THD) in the source current. When Photo-Voltaic (PV) module controller [9], PWM control of DC-DC buck-boost
produces more amount of power, the battery is charged converter is achieved. As stated in [10], FLC (Fuzzy Logic
through the bi-directional converter. The load is supplied by Controller) provides a more desirable outcome than the
the battery when solar irradiation is less. Complete discharge further conventional controller. To store energy Li-ion
of the battery is prevented by using the S tate of Charge (S OC) battery is used, to pass the current from and to the battery
control on the battery. To obtain an extent power from the PV bi-directional converter is used. It is controlled by a
unit, the battery charging circuit is attached closer to the
microcontroller and connected to inverter; double boost bi-
source instead of connecting before load, it minimizes the
stages of power conversion. By using fuzzy-based PWM
directional is proposed in [11]. By using PID and manual
method power is controlled through a DC-DC converter. AC switches [12], controlling the bi-directional converter is
load is powered by using DC-AC inverter. Also, to control the achieved through an operational amplifier as well as MUX
bi-directional DC-DC converter PID controller is utilized along [13].
with switches. The parameters we have taken for obtaining The paper is spotlighted to enhance the
THD are, the number of cycles is 1 at starting time 0.15 sec and performance of the system by making it a closed loop to
the fundamental frequency is 60 Hz, for these values THD reduce harmonics using the fuzzy controller.
comes 1.47%. The result reveals that in closed-loop fuzzy logic The residue of the paper is arranged as follows.
controller total harmonic distortion is less than 5%. The explanation of the block diagram for the proposed
Keywords— Photo-voltaic (PV) Panel, Maximum power point system is given in section II. Controllers such as PID, FLC
tracking (MPPT), Fuzzy-Logic-Controller (FLC), State of charge are depicted and the theory of battery storage system is
(SOC), Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID), Pulse- Width given in section III. In section IV simulation model is
Modulation (PWM) discussed. Section V presents the simulation result and the
specification chart is listed. At the last concluding part is
I. INT RODUCT ION depicted in VI.
To avoid energy crises , the energy available on the II. BLOCK DIAGRAM OF T HE PROPOSED SYST EM
earth has to be used as maximum as possible. One day non- Fig.1 shows a block diagram of the PV generation
renewable energy sources are going to vanish. So, interest in
system along with a fuzzy controller. The power produced
renewable energy sources has been promptly increasing [1]. by the PV system is given to the buck-boost converter as
Solar power is simply available amid all renewable energy well as a bi-directional converter. The bi-directional
sources. Other noted utilities are, set up of solar power
converter is located near to the source. It conducts in two
generation unit is done in corresponding to need, also it has ways due to which charging and discharging of battery is
little maintenance, no noise, no pollution, etc. Stand-alone done. Fuzzy logic based PWM controller is used for
PV units are a convenient option for the non-urban sector
controlling both the bi-directional converter and buck-boost
where rare power supply is present [2]. converter to improve the performance of the system, then
To obtain optimal power as well as efficiency from fed to the inverter to convert it into AC form.
PV cell, hence the losses are less is a tough job and different
The voltage of the PV system is 220V, when a
techniques are accessible. Generally, the solar power voltage is more than 220V battery is charged through excess
generation method uses two steps configuration [3]. In one power by using a bi-directional converter. When produced
step power is extracted from the PV panel and stored it into
voltage is fewer than 220V at that point battery gets
battery by DC-DC converter and second is DC-AC inverter discharged through bi-directional converter along with

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 Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Inventive Systems and Control (ICISC 2020)
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP20J06-ART; ISBN: 978-1-7281-2813-9

power is fed to load. The battery stops when it discharges up and it will harmful to the health of the battery. As it will
to 20% of SOC (State of Charge). damage battery life if it is discharged below 20%, SOC is
Highlights of the task introduced in this paper are controlled according to that. Two ways operation is
given below. performed by using diode and switch which are connected
x Power quality improvement and enhancing the in parallel on the battery side as shown in table. 1.
efficiency of the system is done by using the
closed-loop fuzzy logic controller. T ABLE . 1. BATTERY STORAGE SYSTEM (BSS) CONTROL
x To minimize harmonics, a reference signal of the Charging % Switch Mode Diode Batte ry State
load is given to a fuzzy logic controller which <20% OFF ON Charging
makes the system closed loop.
>20% ON OFF Charging/Discharging
x PID controller is used along with automatic
switches to control bi-directional DC-DC
converter. When SOC is 20% or below battery will only charge
diode conducts in one direction i.e. diode is ON and switch
is OFF. When SOC is more than 20%, the current will flow
through both ways by turning the switch ON.
C. Fuzzy-Logic Controller
When traditional controls are used, we have to learn
about configuration and objective function defined in
particular terms. So, it becomes very tough to use in various
cases. By using fuzzy logic to control one can apply human
skills and experience to design the controller. If-Then rules
which are known as control rules are used for constructing a
controller [15].
To control the operation of a buck-boost converter
fuzzy-logic controller is used. By using the ‘Mamdani’
technique FLC operates [16]. After computations, fuzzy
Fig. 1. Block Diagram of Proposed System values are transformed into crisp value by using a
III. CONT ROLLER DESIGN defuzzification process [17].
First of all, input and output variables are selected. In
Controllers are utilized to keep the required fixpoint for FLC couple inputs are taken, first is ‘error’ which is the
the process. Buck-boost converter is controlled by using a difference achieved by differentiating output voltage and
fuzzy-logic controller, PID is used for the bi-directional reference value while another input is ‘change error’ which
converter and the switch controller is used to controlling is e derivative of the error with reference to time [18]. ‘Duty
SOC. ratio’ is the gain of the fuzzy-logic controller.
By converting the crisp term to fuzzy term fuzzification
A. PID Controller is executed. In triangular and trapezoidal shape membership
function is taken [19]. With linguistic variable, five
The closed-loop feedback method is used by the PID membership functions are specified such as ln (large
(proportional integral derivative) controller to manage the negative), sn (small negative), z (zero), lp (large positive), sp
process. To control bi-directional converter two proportional (small positive). Fig. 2 shows the error, fig. 3 shows change
integral derivatives (PIDs) and conditional switches are used error and fig. 4 represents the duty ratio.
as in, source-side voltage is maintained at 220V by using
one PID and battery voltage is at 48V with other PID. By
using the Ziegler Nicholas technique, PID gains are
calculated [14]. The output of the PID controller is
calculated by Eq. 1 where u(t) is the output of the controller
with regard to time, k p is the proportional gain, k i is the
integral gain and k d is the derivative gain.

u(t) = kp e(t) + k i ∫ e(t)dt + k d de/dt Fig. 2. Input Error

(1)
B. Battery System
To minimize voltage fluctuation, the battery is attached
in RES (Renewable Energy Source) production system.
rechargeable battery like lithium-ion is generally used. The
state of charge is the battery charging percentage that exists
at that time. By using the information from SOC users can
predict the time until which battery can sustain the system.
Care is taken so the battery does not release throughout
because it requires extra time for charging from the nil level, Fig. 3. Input Change in Error

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 Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Inventive Systems and Control (ICISC 2020)
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP20J06-ART; ISBN: 978-1-7281-2813-9

membership functions are used as per reference of fig. 2-

input error, fig. 3-input change error and fig. 4-output duty
ratio. Then fuzzy rules are developed and results are shown
in the next section.
PV cells are supplied by solar radiation. The
power produced is given to both buck-boost converter as
well as a bi-directional converter. The bi-directional
converter performs the operation in a dual way, it is
operated by using two PID controllers. Source side voltage
Fig. 4. Output Duty Ratio
is maintained at 220V by using first PID and battery voltage
By using linguistic functions [20] rule base is assembled is at 48V by second PID. Fuzzy logic based PW M controller
as in table. II. ‘If’ and ‘then’ connection is used to define the is utilized to operate a buck-boost converter, also the
twenty-five rules of FLC. Computations are executed by the reference signal is given to a fuzzy controller which
fuzzy intervention tool which is the brain of the controller. maintains 220V. Then DC form is converted to AC form by
After that, the defuzzification process takes place in which inverter and square wave to sine wave conversion is done by
fuzzy values are converted reverse to crisp values. LC filter. At last, the output is provided to the three-phase
nonlinear load.
T ABLE II. FUZZY RULE -BASE CHART
V. SIMULAT ION RESULT S
By using the MATLAB R2016a simulink tool, the
model is designed and simulated. ‘Powerlib’ library is used
as a function of MATLAB. For developing the system,
values taken are specified below in table-III;

T ABLE III. SP ECIFICATION CHART

Parame te rs Value s
C 6.985*10 -5 F

L 55*10 -3 H
Error C1 5.17*10 -6 F

- ln sn z Sp lp L1 1.47*10 -5 H
Ln lp lp lp Sp z C2 4.26*10 -6 F
Change Sn lp sp sp Z sp C-3phase 32*10 -5 F
In Z lp sp z Sn ln L-3phase 10*10 -3 H
Error Sp sp z sn Sn ln
F 50 Hz
Lp z sp ln Ln ln
V source 220 V
V bat 48 V

A. Constant Irradiation
By considering all environmental conditions
default value of constant irradiation is approximately
1000W/m2. Steady state-input irradiation of 1000W/m2 is
shown in Fig.6.

Fig.5 Screenshot of Rule Editor: PWM Control Fig.6 Constant Input Irradiation

IV. SIMULAT ION MODEL

Designed and the simulated plan is shown in fig.7,
for this FLC and PID controller are used as switching
reference topology. In the fuzzy logic controller,

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 Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Inventive Systems and Control (ICISC 2020)
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP20J06-ART; ISBN: 978-1-7281-2813-9

Fig. 7. Designed MAT LAB model

B. State of Charge of Battery

Fig.8 State of Charge of Battery Fig.9. Output AC Voltage

When the state of charging is checked by using

controller, at starting time battery charging is slightly less
than 40%. The time at which the FLC controller picks up, the
state of charge comes to stable at 40% as shown in fig.8.
C. AC Output Voltage
Fig. 9 shows the current waveform in the three-phase
sinusoidal pattern, where load frequency is 60 Hz. Here AC
output voltage is 220V.
D. AC Output Current
Fig. 10. shows output current waveform in the three-
phase sinusoidal pattern when 60 Hz is a frequency at load.
Here AC output current is approximately 4.5 Amp.

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 Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Inventive Systems and Control (ICISC 2020)
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP20J06-ART; ISBN: 978-1-7281-2813-9

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