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Discrete Reviewer

tungkol sa discrete math

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19 views5 pages

Discrete Reviewer

tungkol sa discrete math

Uploaded by

navamilim158
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CAVITE STATE UNIVERSITY-CCAT

Cavite College of Arts and Trades Campus


Rosario, Cavite
🕾 (046)437-9505 / 🖷 (046)437-6659
[email protected]
www.cvsu-rosario.edu.ph

Name: _____________________ COSC 50


Section: ___________________ Discrete Structure I
Basic Logic

After this lesson, the student should be able to:


1. Define discrete mathematics and identify its uses.
2. Define Logic and prove logical answers.
3. Identify true propositions.
4. Construct equations from arguments.
What is Discrete Structure?
● The study of mathematical structures that can be considered “discrete” rather than
“continuous”
Discrete Structure is mathematics that deals with discrete objects. Discrete objects are those
which are separated from (not connected to/distinct from) each other. Discrete implies noncontinuous and
therefore discrete sets include finite and countable sets but not uncountable sets such as the real numbers.
The term discrete structure covers many of the concepts of modern algebra, including integer arithmetic,
monoids, semigroups, groups, graphs, lattices, semirings, rings, fields, and subsets of these.

What is Logic?
● Logic is a language for reasoning. It is a collection of rules we use when doing logical
reasoning.
Who is Aristotle?
● Aristotle was a philosopher who helped develop logical reasoning, which is important for
many areas of mathematics and computer science. Logical reasoning can help us
understand how things work and can be used to design computer systems.
What are the Rules of Mathematical Logic?
● Mathematical logic is a way of thinking about math that helps us understand how
mathematical statements work.

1. Arithmetic Operators
It is a rule of mathematical logic that uses addition, subtraction, multiplication, division,
and negation.
2. Propositional Logic
Propositional logic is a way of thinking about statements that has to do with whether they
are true or false. It's used to figure out what might be true about a statement if it is part of a bigger
statement, or if it is by itself.
3. Logical Operators
It is a rule of mathematical logic that is using and, or, and not to create new compound
propositions.

ARITHMETIC OPERATORS +, -, *, / and negation acts on numbers to give


new numbers.
Ex. 2+2 = 4 , 2-1 = 1
( the total is the new created number)
LOGIC OPERATORS Conjunction (and) Disjunction (or), and negation
(not) act on propositions to get new compound
Ex. If x is greater than 2 or x is less than 10 prepositions.
PROPOSITIONAL LOGIC Concerned with statements to which the truth
value “true and false” can be assigned.
Ex. The grass is green (True)
2 + 5 = 9 (False)

Truth Value

Is the attribute of a proposition as to whether the proposition is true or false.

Ex.
She loves to chase squirrels' is true, then the negative of the statement, 'She doesn't love to chase
squirrels,' is false.

Possible Question:
1. What do you mean by truth value?
In mathematics, a proposition is a statement that can either be found to be true or false. The truth
value is true if the proposition is true and false if the proposition is false.

2. How do you find the truth value?


The truth value of a proposition is true if the proposition is true, and false if the proposition is
false. For compound propositions, a truth table can be used to determine the truth value.

Propositions

A proposition is a declarative sentence that is either true or false. On the other hand, it has two possible
values either TRUE and FALSE.

Note: If Interrogative, exclamatory and imperative statements are not propositions.


Ex:
The grass is green (true)
2 + 5 = 9 (false)

Another example of Proposition:

It is true that…
Toronto is the capital of Canada It is proposition, the truth value is True
The Moon is made of green cheese It is proposition but, the truth value is False
1+0=1 True

Example of Not Proposition:


UP! Exclamation point can't be a proposition
Can you open it? Interrogation - interrogative sentences can't be a
Where is Cavite City? proposition
Open the door. Giving command - imperative sentences can't be
Read it. a proposition
Find my wallet!
Iphone is the best smartphone to buy.
Milkshake taste better than Milk tea Opinions are not propositions
5+1
X is greater than 3 It has no value, there is no true or false

Declarative but not Proposition


Tomorrow it will be fine There is no true or false in any of these
statements.
This sentence is false

Chicken came out first than egg

Propositional Variables

These are the variables that represent propositions. On the other hand, It is standard practice to use the
lower-case roman letters p, q, r, s… to stand for propositions.

Examples of Propositional Variables:


Toronto is the capital of Canada Let p be Toronto is the capital of Canada
2+2=4 Let p be 2 + 2 = 4, p=4
7 + 3 = 10 Let q be 7 + 3 = 10, q = 10
X is greater than 10 ; x = 50 Let p be x is greater than 10 ; x = 50
ACTIVITY

Did You Know?


Determine if the proposition is either true or false and explain why.
1.) Ducks and Geese are related to each species.

____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

2.) The colors of the sun are red, orange, and yellow.

____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

3.) Tomato is red and a healthy fruit.

____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

4.) Butterflies eat plants as it’s food source.

____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

5.) The hedgehog is the rodent

____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

QUIZ #1. Determine if the proposition is either true or false and explain why.
1. The capital of Australia is Sydney.

2. Water boils at 100 °C at sea level

3. The square root of 16 is 5.

4. A hexagon has six sides. 6 sides true

5. Albert Einstein developed the theory of evolution.\

6. The planet closest to the Sun is Venus.

7. The human body has four lungs.

8. There are 52 weeks in a standard year.

9. The freezing point of water is 0°C (32°F).

10. A leap year occurs every 5 years.

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