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CH-4 CARBON AND ITS COMPOUNDS
IMPORTANT QUESTIONS 1. Covalent compounds have low melting and boiling point. Why? 2. What are covalent compounds? Why are they different from ionic compounds? List their three characteristic properties. 3. What are covalent bonds? Show their formation with the help of electron dot structure of methane. Why are covalent compounds generally poor conductors of electricity? 4. Give reasons for the following: (i) Element carbon forms compounds mainly by covalent bonding. (ii) Diamond has high melting point. (iii) Graphite is a good conductor of electricity. 5. State the reason why carbon can neither form C4+ cations nor C4- anions, but forms covalent compounds. Also state reasons to explain why covalent compounds : (i) are bad conductors of electricity? (ii) have low melting and boiling points? 6. Assertion (A) : Following are the members of a homologous series : CH3OH, CH3CH2OH, CH3CH2CH2OH Reason (R) : A series of compounds with same functional group but differing by -CH 2 unit is called homologous series. (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of the assertion (A). (b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of the assertion (A). (c) (A) is true, but (R) is false. (d) (A) is false, but (R) is true. 7. Write the molecular formula of the 2nd and 3rd member of the homologous series whose first member is ethene. 8. Write the next homologue of each of the following: (i) C2H4 (ii) C4H6 9. Name the following compounds : (a) CH3 – CH2 – OH
10. Select saturated hydrocarbons from the following : C3H6; C5H10; C4H10; C6H14; C2H4 11. Write the name and structure of an alcohol with four carbon atoms in its molecule. 12. Write the name and structure of an aldehyde with four carbon atoms in its molecule. 13. Carbon, a member of group 14, forms a large number of carbon compounds estimated to be about three million. Why is this property not exhibited by other elements of this group? 14. Define the term functional group. Identify the functional group present in 15. (a) Why are most carbon compounds poor conductors of electricity? (b) Write the name and structure of a saturated compound in which the carbon atoms are arranged in a ring. Give the number of single bonds present in this compound. 16. An aldehyde as well as a ketone can be represented by the same molecular formula, say C3H6O. Write their structures and name them. State the relation between the two in the language of science. 17. What is meant by isomers? Draw the structures of two isomers of butane, C4H10. Explain why we cannot have isomers of first three members of alkane series. 18. What are hydrocarbons? Distinguish alkanes from alkenes and each of them from alkynes, giving one example of each. Draw the structure of each compound cited as example to justify your answer. 19. Name the process by which unsaturated fats are changed to saturated fats. 20. Write the chemical equation to show what happen when methane is treated with chlorine in the presence of sunlight ? 21. Write the respective chemical reaction to show what happens when methane is burnt in presence of oxygen? 22. Give reason for the following : Acetylene burns with a sooty flame. 23. Give reason for the following : Kerosene does not decolourise bromine water while cooking oils do. 24. What happens when 5% alkaline KMnO4 solution is added drop by drop to warm ethanol taken in a test tube? State the role of alkaline KMnO4 solution in this reaction. 25. Two carbon compounds X and Y have the molecular formula C4H8 and C5H12 respectively. Which one of these is most likely to show addition reaction? Justify your answer. Also give the chemical equation to explain the process of addition reaction in this case. 26. Assertion (A) : Esterification is a process in which a sweet smelling substance is produced. Reason (R): When esters react with sodium hydroxide, an alcohol and sodium salt of carboxylic acid are obtained. 27. A compound ‘X’ on heating with excess cone, sulphuric acid at 443 K gives an unsaturated compound ‘Y’. ‘X’ also reacts with sodium metal to evolve a colourless gas ‘Z’. Identify ‘X’, ‘Y’ and ‘Z’. Write the equation of the chemical reaction of formation of ‘Y’ and also write the role of sulphuric acid in the reaction. 28. Write the chemical equations to show what happens when (i) an ester reacts with a base? (ii) ethanol reacts with ethanoic acid in the presence of sulphuric acid? 29. Complete the following chemical equations : (i) CH3COOC2H5 + NaOH → (ii) CH3COOH + NaOH → 30. An organic compound ‘P’ is a constituent of wine. ‘P’ on reacting with acidified K 2Cr2O7 forms another compound ‘Q’. When a piece of sodium is added to ‘Q’, a gas ‘R’ evolves which burns with a pop sound. Identify P, Q and R and write the chemical equations of the reactions involved.
