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CM Chapter 2

dtu universiy

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15 views22 pages

CM Chapter 2

dtu universiy

Uploaded by

alemunuruhak
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1

Debre Tabor University


Gafat Institute of Technology
Department of Information Technology
Computer Cases and Motherboard

Prepared by: Ayenew K. (MSc)


Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
Jan, 2024
Computer cases (System Unit)
2

Most computers contain these devices inside the case:

 A motherboard containing the CPU, memory, and other


components

 A hard drive and optical drive (CD or DVD) used for


permanent storage

 A power supply with power cords supplying electricity to


all devices inside the case
3

 Adapter cards used by the CPU to communicate


with devices inside and outside the case.

 Cables connecting devices to adapter cards and the


motherboard

 SATA data cables

 Power supply connector cables


4
Case Quality
5

 A good quality case can have a big impact on the


performance and durability of the computer.

 Cases sold have to meet requirements for shielding


against both external RFI (Radio Frequency
Interference) and interference to external devices that
is generated by the computer.
Good cases are designed to provide
6

 For proper airflow to keep the components from


overheating.

 Panels should fit together well without requiring


excessive effort.

 When the computer is running, a good case does not


make excessive vibration noises.

 Ease in opening and ease in accessing internal


components
Form Factors
7

 the motherboard, power supply, and case must


all be compatible.

 The standards that describe the size, shape, and


major features of these components so that they
work together are called form factors.
 Using a matching form factor for the motherboard,
8
power supply, and case assures you that:

 The motherboard fits in the case.

 The power supply cords to the motherboard provide the


correct voltage, and the connectors match the
connections on the board.

 The holes in the motherboard align with the holes in the


case for anchoring the board to the case.
 Holes in the case align with ports coming off the
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motherboard.

 For some form factors, wires for switches and lights

on the front of the case match up with connections on

the motherboard.

 The holes in the power supply align with holes in the

case for anchoring the power supply to the case.


System board/Motherboard
10

 The largest and most important circuit board in the


computer is the motherboard, also called the main
board, the system board.

 The motherboard is the main printed circuit board


(PCB) in the system-unit.

 It acts as the central connection point for the whole


system and carries out all the major data processing
and control functions.
11
 All devices in a computer are either installed
directly on the motherboard, directly linked to it
by a cable connected to a port on the
motherboard, or indirectly linked to it by
expansion cards.

 A device that is not installed directly on the


motherboard is called a peripheral device.
12

 Some ports on the motherboard stick outside the

case to accommodate external devices such as a

keyboard and mouse.

 Some ports provide a connection for a device, such

as a CD drive, inside the case.


The motherboard contains several major system
components including the following items:
13
Motherboard Components
14
 Memory slots: Physical configurations of memory chips have changed over the
years, but the industry seems to have settled on dual inline memory modules
(DIMMs).

 These chips have 72 or more pins per side and Memory slots can accept one
type of memory chip.

 Chipset: Every motherboard has a number of integrated circuits permanently


installed on different parts of the board.

 The chipset is the motherboard; therefore, any two boards with the same
chipsets are functionally identical.

 The chipset represents the connection between the processor and everything
else.
,,, Cont’d
15

 The processor can't talk to the memory, adapter boards, devices, and
so on without going through the chipset.

 The chipset is the main hub and central nervous system of the PC.

 Because, It controls the interface or connections between the


processor and everything else,

 the chipset dictating which type of processor you have, how fast it
will run and amount of memory you can use.
Chipsets are divided into two:
16
 Northbridge: is a chipset that used to allow communication among
high‐speed peripherals such as memory, Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI)
and Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) bus.
 It communicates with the processor using a front side bus (FSB) and also
manages communication with the Southbridge.
 The actual performance of the motherboard depends on the performance of the
Northbridge chipset.
 Southbridge: Southbridge chipset controls all of the computer’s onboard
Input/Output (I/O) functions such as USB, PS/2, parallel, serial, wired, and wireless
LAN ports, and IDE, audio, and so on.
 Southbridge usually consists of a single semiconductor chip.
 AGP slot: All motherboards made in the last several years that don't have

built-in video and some that do, have an Accelerated Graphics


17
Port (AGP) slot. This is the slot for a video adapter.

 Expansion slot (PCI and ISA): Expansion devices in card form, such as

modems and network adapters, go into these slots.

 Newer motherboards have only Peripheral Component Interconnect

(PCI) slots, while some middle-aged boards have a combination of

PCI and the older Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) slots.

 ISA slots are often dark colored and PCI slots are usually white.

 The cards are also easy to differentiate; compared with ISA pins, PCI

pins are much smaller and closer together.


Disk drive connectors: Virtually every motherboard has two IDE
connectors for up to four IDE devices, usually one or two hard drives
18
and one or two optical (CD or DVD) drives. With the proper cables,
each connector can support two drives. In addition, there is a
connector for the floppy drive.

Ports: Motherboards have some or all of the following ports: serial,


parallel, PS/2 mouse, PS/2 keyboard and USB.

Built-In (Onboard) Components: All motherboards have some


built-in components that were available only on expansion cards.
 The most common are video, sound, network adapters and
modems found at the back to determine the functions that are built in.
Motherboard Batteries
 Motherboards come with batteries, usually replaceable lithium
19

coin cell and primarily used to keep the time/date clock running
and maintain BIOS setup program settings.

 The batteries usually last at least six years.

 If a computer loses its BIOS settings and time/date memory every


time it is shut down, you'll need to replace the battery, if possible.
 Moreover, if someone has set a supervisor password in the setup
program, and now has forgotten it, and the computer cannot boot.
 The only way to reset or cancel the password is to remove and
replace the battery.
20
 The Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor, or
CMOS battery.

 is an onboard semiconductor chip used to store system


configuration settings, such as hard-drive parameters,
memory configurations, and the system’s date and
time.

 Used by the BIOS and located with the real clock in


the system board chipset or in a separate clock chip.
 The small amount of power CMOS requires is used
21

to retain its contents.

 For this purpose, the system employs a battery


when it’s turned off.

 If a system battery goes dead, crucial system


information and functionality can be lost. Thus, it’s
always a good idea to write down your CMOS
settings.
22 Questions?

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