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Power System Analysis - Exp2

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17 views7 pages

Power System Analysis - Exp2

Uploaded by

saurav datta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering


Course Name: Power System Analysis Sessional
Course Code: EEE 472

Experiment No. 2: SHORT CIRCUIT TEST

Objective
• To observe the short circuit behavior in various parts of the power system

Theory:

In all electric power systems we need to know how large the current will be when a short circuit
occurs in various parts of the system, in order to be able to select suitable protective devices.

The short-circuit current can be measured direct, preferably at reduced voltage. If we know the
data for the components included in the system we can also calculate the short-circuit current. As
an example, we can take a transmission system consisting of a generator, two transformers and a
line in accordance with the diagram below:

For the purpose of calculation we replace the power transmission parts by simple models: the
generator is replaced by an e.m.f. in series with impedance, the transformer is replaced by an ideal
transformer in series with an impedance and the line is replaced by an impedance. This results in
the following diagram:

© Dept. of EEE, CUET Prepared by- Kamrul Hasan


Supervised by- Dr. Ashoke Kumar Sen Gupta
Page 1
The two transformers, which are connected in parallel, can now be replaced by single transformer,
which gives the diagram:

The generator and transformer impedances are transformed over to the secondary side of the
transformer, and as a result we obtain the diagram:

All impedances can now be replaced by a single impedance, and it is then an easy matter to
calculate the short-circuit current:

© Dept. of EEE, CUET Prepared by- Kamrul Hasan


Supervised by- Dr. Ashoke Kumar Sen Gupta
Page 2
2.1: Short Circuit Test with the Transformer

Connection diagram:

During the whole of the laboratory exercise the transformer must be connected in delta/star with a
voltage transformation 127/220 V. The rated power with this connection is 1.1 kVA.

Equipment:

Power pack TF 123

T = Transformer TT 222

UT = Voltmeter 30 V

IT = Ammeter 6 A

PT = Wattmeter 30 V, 5 A

Switch on the three-phase voltage and increase the voltage slowly until the current is the same as
the rated current of 5.25 Α.

Read off and make a note of the voltage UT and the power PT.

© Dept. of EEE, CUET Prepared by- Kamrul Hasan


Supervised by- Dr. Ashoke Kumar Sen Gupta
Page 3
2.2: Short-circuit test with the line model

Connection diagram:

Equipment:

Power pack TF 123

L = Line Model TM 199

UT = Voltmeter 30 V

IT = Ammeter 6 A

PT = Wattmeter 30 V, 5 A

Switch on the three-phase voltage and increase the voltage slowly until the current is equal to the
rated current of 5 A.

Read off and make a note of the voltage and the power.

© Dept. of EEE, CUET Prepared by- Kamrul Hasan


Supervised by- Dr. Ashoke Kumar Sen Gupta
Page 4
2.3 Short-circuit test with the Line model and two transformers

Connection diagram:

Equipment:

Power pack TF 123

T1 = T2 = Transformer TT 222

L = Line Model TM 199

UT = Voltmeter 30 V

IT = Ammeter 6 A

PT = Wattmeter 30 V, 5 A
© Dept. of EEE, CUET Prepared by- Kamrul Hasan
Supervised by- Dr. Ashoke Kumar Sen Gupta
Page 5
Switch on the three-phase voltage and increase the voltage slowly until the current is 5.0 A.

Read off and make a note of the voltage and power.

Measurement result table

Measurement IT UT PT
2.1
2.2
2.3

Problems and tasks

a. Calculate the transformer short-circuit impedances RkT and XkT from the results of
measurement 2.1.

b. Calculate the line model short-circuit impedances RkL and XkL from the results of
measurement 2.2.

c. Transform the transformer short-circuit impedances to the secondary side:

′′
𝑈2𝑛 2 220 2
𝑅𝑘𝑇 = 𝑅𝑘𝑇 ∗ ( ) = 𝑅𝑘𝑇 ∗ ( ) = 𝑅𝑘𝑇 ∗ 3
𝑈1𝑛 127

′′
𝑋𝑘𝑇 = 𝑋𝑘𝑇 ∗ 3

d. Calculate the short-circuit impedance for the whole power transmission system. The two
transformers, which are connected in parallel, are similar and have equally large short-
circuit impedances. They can be replaced by an impedance which is half as large as that
calculated in point c.

The total impedance is then given by:

2 2
1 1
√ ′′ ′′
𝑍𝑘 = ( ∗ 𝑅𝑘𝑇 + 𝑅𝑘𝐿 ) + ( ∗ 𝑋𝑘𝑇 + 𝑋𝑘𝐿 )
2 2

© Dept. of EEE, CUET Prepared by- Kamrul Hasan


Supervised by- Dr. Ashoke Kumar Sen Gupta
Page 6
𝑈𝑛 220
e. Calculate the short-circuit current, 𝐼𝑘 = =
√3∗𝑍𝑘 √3∗𝑍𝑘

f. Recalculate the current IT measured in 2.3 to the equivalent current wit the normal
voltage.

𝑈 127
𝐼𝑘 = 𝐼𝑇 ∗ 𝑈𝑛 = 𝐼𝑇 ∗
𝑇 √3𝑈𝑇

Transform over this short-circuit current to the secondary side.

127
𝐼𝑘 = 𝐼𝑇 ∗ 220
This should give the same value of short-circuit current as was obtained in point e.

g. Give some points of view as to how we can determine the short-circuit current for a real
electric power line.

© Dept. of EEE, CUET Prepared by- Kamrul Hasan


Supervised by- Dr. Ashoke Kumar Sen Gupta
Page 7

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