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Pulse Code Modulation

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57 views8 pages

Pulse Code Modulation

Uploaded by

omanshus493
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Smt.

Kashibai Navale College of Engineering Pune- 411041


Department of Electronics &Telecommunication Engineering

PULSE CODE
ByMODULATION

Student Name Exam Seat No.


Shubham Dhanawade S150363063
Pramod Dhanure S150363064
Pritesh Gadekar S150363073
Ankit Dhoot S150363065
• CONTENTS:
Introduction
Block Diagram and It’s Description
Advantages
Disadvantages
Application
References
 Intoduction:
1. PCM is a type of pulse modulation like PAM, PWM or PPM but there is an important difference
between them.
2. PAM,PWM or PPM are “Analog” pulse modulation systems whereas PCM is a “Digital”
pulse modulation system.
3. That means the PCM output is in coded form.
4. A PCM system consists of a PCM encoder & decoder.
5. The essential operations in the PCM transmitter are sampling, quantizing and encoding.
6. The operations performed in the same circuit called “A to D” converter.
7. PCM is not modulation in the conventional sense.
8. Because in modulation, one of the characteristics of the carrier is varid in proportion with the
amplitude of the modulating signal.
 Block Diagram and It’s Description:

Fig.PCM
Transmitter(Encoder)
Description:-
1. The analog signal x(t) is passed through a bandlimiting low pass filter.
2. The bandlimited analog signal is then applied to a sample & hold circuit .
The output of sample & hold block is a flat topped PAM signal.
3. Quantization process is the process of approximation. It is used to
reduce the effect of noise.
4. The quantized PAM pulses are applied to an encoder which is basically
an A to D converter.
5. Each quantized level is converted into an N bit digital word by the A to D
converter. The value of N can be 8,16,32,64.
6. The encoder output is converted into a stresm of pulses by the parallel
to serial converter block.
7. The PCM transmitter output is a train of digital pulses.
8. A pulse generator produces a train of rectangular pulses.
9. The frequency of pulse generator is is acts as sampling signal.
 Advantages:  Disadvantages:
1. Very high noise immunity. 1. The encoding ,decoding & quantizing
cirtuitry of PCM is complex.
2. Due to digital nature of the signal,
repeaters can be placed between the 2. PCM requires a large bandwidth as
transmitter & the receivers. The compared to the other systems.
repetears actually generate the
received PCM signal. This is not
possible in analog systems.
3. Repeaters further reduce the effect of
noise.
4. It is possible to store the PCM signal
due to it’s digital nature.
5. It is possible to use various coding
techniques so that only the desired
person can decode the received signal.
6. The increased channel bandwidth
requirement for PCM is balanced by
the improved SNR.
Application:
1. In the digital telephone systems.
2. In the space communication, space craft
transmits signal to the earth.

 References:
1. Nyquist , H. “Cetain Factors Affecting
Telegraph Speed” Bell System
Technical Journal 3(1924):324-346
2. Van Trees, H.L. Detection,Estimation ,
and Modulation Theory .New York:John
Wiley &sons,1968.
3. Simon Haykin, Communication
Systems, (4thed.) John Wiley, 2001
4. Leon W. Couch , II,Digital And analog
Communication Systems, Pearson
Education Asia, 2001
Thank You

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