Program

Development Of
Cycle

Introduction of Program Development Life

cycle
The Program Development Life Cycle is a structured approach
to designing, developing, testing, and maintaining software
applications. It encompasses all stages of software
development, from initial planning to post-deployment
maintenance. It is a sequence of steps that helps ensure the
final software product is efficient, reliable, and meets the user's
needs.

Phases of Program Development life cycle

1. Planning :- In this phase, the goals and

objectives of the program are defined, and a plan
is developed to achieve them. This includes
identifying the resources required and
 determining the budget and schedule for the
program.
2. Analysis :- In this phase, the requirements for the
program are defined and analysed. This includes
identifying the stakeholders, their needs and
expectations, and determining the functional and
non-functional requirements for the program.
3. Design :- In this phase, the program’s
architecture and design are developed. This
includes creating a detailed design of the
program’s components and interfaces, as well as
determining how the program will be tested and
deployed.
4. Implementation :- In this phase, the program is
developed and coded. This includes writing the
program’s source code and creating any
necessary documentation.
5. Testing :- In this phase, the program is tested to
ensure that it meets the requirements and is free
of defects.
6. Deployment :- In this phase, the program is
deployed and made available to users.
7. Maintenance :- After the deployment, the
program is maintained by fixing any bugs or
errors that are found and updating the program to
meet changing requirements.
Steps in program development life
cycle
The program development process is divided into the
steps.
1. Defining the Problem
The first step is to define the problem. In major software
projects, this is a job for system analyst, who provides the
results of their work to programmers in the form of a program
specification. The program specification defines the data used
in program, the processing that should take place while finding
a solution, the format of the output and the user interface.

2. Designing the Program

Program design is a critical phase in the software development
process where the requirements gathered in the previous
phase are transformed into a blueprint for the system. In this
phase, the software’s architecture, user interface, data
structures, and detailed components are outlined. The design
phase lays the foundation for the actual coding and
implementation, ensuring that developers have a clear
roadmap for building the program.
Program Design Tools: The various program design tools are
Structure Charts :- A structure chart, also called Hierarchy
chart, show top-down design of program. Each box in the
structure chart indicates a task that program must accomplish.
The Top module, called the Main module or Control module.
Algorithms :- An algorithm is a step-by-step description
of how to arrive at a solution in the most easiest way.
Algorithms are not restricted to computer world only. In
fact, we use them in everyday life.
Flowcharts :- A flowchart is a type of diagram that
represents a workflow or process. A flowchart can also
be defined as a diagrammatic representation of an
algorithm, a step-by-step approach to solving a task.
The flowchart shows the steps as boxes of various
kinds, and their order by connecting the
boxes with arrows.

Decision tables :- A Decision table is a special kind of

table, which is divided into four parts by a pair of
horizontal and vertical lines.
Pseudocode :- A pseudocode is another tool to
describe the way to arrive at a solution. They are
different from algorithm by the fact that they are
expressed in program language like constructs.

3. Coding the Program

Coding the program means translating an algorithm into
specific programming language. The technique of
programming using only well defined control structures
is known as Structured programming. Programmer must
follow the language rules, violation of any rule causes
error. These errors must be eliminated before going to
the next step.
4. Testing and Debugging the Program
After removal of syntax errors, the program will execute.
However, the output of the program may not be correct.
This is because of logical error in the program. A logical
error is a mistake that the programmer made while
designing the solution to a problem.

5. Documenting the Program

Program documentation is the information, available in
writing, about a program; the program text itself is part of
the documentation. Documentation is a companion to
the different phases of creating a program. There exist
different documentations describing the state of the
program at different stages of development.
6. Maintaining the Program
In the final phase, the program is deployed (installed) at
the user’s site. Here also, the program is kept under
watch till the user gives a green signal to it. Even after
the software is completed, it needs to be maintained and
evaluated regularly. In software maintenance, the
programming team fixes program errors and updates the
software.

1. What is the primary purpose of the Program

Development Life Cycle (PDLC)?
a) To develop a single software program
b) To manage the development of multiple software programs
or projects
c) To test software applications
d) To deploy software applications
Answer-(b)
2. Which phase of the PDLC involves defining the
program's goals, objectives, budget, and schedule?
a) Analysis
b) Planning
c) Implementation
d) Design
Answer-(b)
3. What is the main task during the "Design" phase of
the PDLC?
a) Writing the source code
b) Developing the program’s architecture and design
c) Testing the program for defects
d) Defining the program's requirements
Answer-(b)

4. What is the role of the "Analysis" phase in the PDLC?

a) Define the resources required for the project
b) Write the source code
c) Analyse the requirements and expectations of stakeholders
d) Test the program for errors
Answer-(c)
5. Which of the following is a program design tool used
in the PDLC?
a) Source code
b) Algorithms
c) Debugging tools
d) Deployment software
Answer-(b)
6. What is the purpose of "Structured Programming"
during the "Coding" phase?
a) To organize the program’s design elements
b) To follow the rules of the programming language
c) To translate the program into machine code
d) To test the program for performance
Answer-(b)

7. What does the "Testing and Debugging" phase

primarily focus on?
a) Writing the program documentation
b) Identifying and eliminating syntax and logical errors
c) Deploying the software to users
d) Defining the project budget
Answer-(b)
8. In which phase of the PDLC is a program's user
manual created?
a) Design
b) Coding
c) Testing
d) Documenting
Answer-(d)
9. Which of the following is NOT a benefit of following
the PDLC?
a) Improved communication among stakeholders
b) Faster program deployment
c) Identification and management of risks
d) Improved quality of the final product
Answer-(b)

10. Which limitation of PDLC could make it unsuitable

for smaller software projects?
a) Time-consuming and costly
b) Lack of structured planning
c) Difficulty in communication
d) Inability to test software
Answer-(a)