Python Pandas-1

Question 1

What is the use of Python Pandas library ?

Answer
Pandas is the most popular library for data analysis. It offers data I/O, computations across rows/columns,
subset selection, dataset merging, handling missing data, group-wise operations, data reshaping, time-
series analysis, and integrates with visualization tools.
Question 2

Name the Pandas object that can store one dimensional array like object and can have numeric or labelled
indexes.
Answer
The Pandas object that can store one-dimensional array like objects with numeric or labeled indexes is
called a "Series Object".
Question 3

Can you have duplicate indexes in a series object ?

Answer
Yes, series object can have duplicate indexes.
Question 4

What do these attributes of series signify ?

(i) size
(ii) itemsize
(iii) nbytes
Answer
(i) size — It returns the number of elements in the underlying data.
(ii) itemsize — It returns the size of the dtype of the item of the underlying data.
(iii) nbytes — It returns the number of bytes in the underlying data.
Question 5

If S1 is a series object then how will len(S1) and S1.count() behave ?

Answer
len(S1) returns the total number of elements in the Series S1 object, including NaNs, while S1.count()
returns the count of non-NaN values in the S1 Series object.
Question 6

What are NaNs ? How do you store them in a data structures ?

Answer
NaN stands for 'Not a Number'. In Python libraries like NumPy and Pandas, NaN is the legal empty value
used to represent missing or undefined values, and we can use np.NaN (imported NumPy as np) to specify
a missing value.
Question 7

True/False. Series objects always have indexes 0 to n -1.

Answer
False
Reason — Series objects allow labeled indexes and can take any user-defined labels. Hence, their
indexes are not necessarily from 0 to n-1.
Question 8

What is the use of del statement ?

Answer
The del statement in pandas is used to delete a column from a dataframe.
Question 9
What does drop() function do ?
Answer
The drop() function in pandas is used to delete rows from a dataframe.
Question 10

What is the role of inplace argument in rename() function.

Answer
The inplace argument in the rename() function in pandas specifies whether to modify the dataframe in
place or return a new dataframe with the changes. When inplace = True is set, the dataframe is
modified directly, and the changes are applied to the existing dataframe. If inplace = False or not
specified (default), a new dataframe with the changes is returned, leaving the original dataframe
unchanged.
Multiple Choice Questions
Question 1

Which of the following statement will import pandas library ?

1. Import pandas as pd
2. import Pandas as py
3. import pandas as pd
4. import panda as pd
Answer
import pandas as pd
Reason — The syntax to import a library with an alias is import library_name as alias. Therefore,
the statement import pandas as pd is used to import the pandas library in Python with the alias 'pd'.
Question 2

To create an empty Series object, you can use :

1. pd.Series(empty)
2. pd.Series(np.NaN)
3. pd.Series( )
4. all of these
Answer
pd.Series()
Reason — To create an empty Series object i.e., having no values, we can just use the Series() as:
<Series Object> = pandas.Series().
Question 3

To specify datatype int16 for a Series object, you can write :

1. pd.Series(data = array, dtype = int16)
2. pd.Series(data = array, dtype = numpy.int16)
3. pd.Series(data = array.dtype = pandas.int16)
4. all of the above
Answer
pd.Series(data = array, dtype = numpy.int16)
Reason — The syntax to specify data type for a Series object is : <Series Object> =
pandas.Series(data = None, index = None, dtype = None). Therefore, according to this syntax,
pd.Series(data = array, dtype = numpy.int16) is correct.
Question 4

To get the number of dimensions of a Series object, ............... attribute is displayed.

1. index
2. size
3. itemsize
 4. ndim
Answer
ndim
Reason — The ndim attribute is used to get the number of dimensions (axis) of a Series object. The
syntax is <Series object>.ndim.
Question 5

To get the size of the datatype of the items in Series object, you can display ............... attribute.
1. index
2. size
3. itemsize
4. ndim
Answer
itemsize
Reason — The itemsize attribute is used to know the number of bytes allocated to each data item in
Series object. The syntax is <Series object>.itemsize.
Question 6

To get the number of elements in a Series object, ............... attribute may be used.
1. index
2. size
3. itemsize
4. ndim
Answer
size
Reason — The size attribute is used to know the number of elements in the Series object. The syntax is
<Series object>.size.
Question 7

To get the number of bytes of the Series data, ............... attribute is displayed.
1. hasnans
2. nbytes
3. ndim
4. dtype
Answer
nbytes
Reason — The nbytes attribute is used to know total number of bytes taken by Series object data. The
syntax is <Series object>.nbytes.
Question 8

To check if the Series object contains NaN values, ............... attribute is displayed.
1. hasnans
2. nbytes
3. ndim
4. dtype
Answer
hasnans
Reason — The hasnans attribute is used to check if a Series object contains some NaN value or not. The
syntax is <Series object>.hasnans.
Question 9

To display third element of a Series object S, you will write ............... .

1. S[:3]
2. S[2]
3. S[3]
 4. S[:2]
Answer
S[2]
Reason — The syntax to access individual elements of a Series object is <Series Object
name>[<valid index>]. Therefore, according to this syntax, to display third element of a Series object S
with zero based indexing, S[2] is correct.
Question 10

To display first three elements of a Series object S, you may write ............... .
1. S[:3]
2. S[3]
3. S[3rd]
4. all of these
Answer
S[:3]
Reason — The syntax to extract slices from Series object is <Series Object>[start:end:step].
Therefore, according to this syntax, the correct slice notation to display the first three elements of a Series
object S is S[:3].
Question 11

To display last five rows of a Series object S, you may write ............... .
1. head()
2. head(5)
3. tail()
4. tail(5)
Answer
tail(), tail(5)
Reason — The syntax to display the last n rows of a Series object is <Series Object>.tail([n]).
Therefore, according to this syntax, tail(5) will display last five rows of a Series object S. If n value is
not specified, then tail() will return the last 5 rows of a Series object.
Question 12

Which of the following statement is wrong ?

1. We can't change the index of the series
2. We can easily convert the list, tuple, and dictionary into a series
3. A series represents a single column in memory
4. We can create empty series.
Answer
We can't change the index of the series
Reason — We can change or rename the indexes of a Series object by assigning a new index array to its
index attribute. The syntax is <Object>.index = <new index array>.
Question 13

What type of error is returned by the following statement ?

import pandas as papa.Series([1, 2, 3, 4], index = ['a', 'b', 'c'])
1. Value Error
2. Syntax Error
3. Name Error
4. Logical Error
Answer
Value Error
Reason — When specifying indexes explicitly using an index sequence, we must provide indexes equal
to the number of values in the data array. Providing fewer or more indices will lead to an error, i.e., a
ValueError.
Question 14
What will be the output of the following code ?
import pandas as pdmyser = pd.Series([0, 0, 0])print(myser)
1. 0 0
00
00
2. 01
01
02
3. 00
10
20
4. 00
11
22
Answer
00
10
20
Reason — The code creates a pandas Series object myser with three elements [0, 0, 0], and when we
print the Series, it displays the index along with the corresponding values. Since the Series is created with
default indexes (0, 1, 2), the output shows the index values (0, 1, 2) along with the corresponding values
(0, 0, 0).
Question 15

To display last five rows of a series object 'S', you may write :
1. S.Head()
2. S.Tail(5)
3. S.Head(5)
4. S.tail()
Answer
S.tail()
Reason — The syntax to display the last n rows of a Series object is <Series Object>.tail([n]).
Therefore, according to this syntax, S.tail() will display last five rows of a Series object S.
Question 16

Missing data in Pandas object is represented through :

1. Null
2. None
3. Missing
4. NaN
Answer
NaN
Reason — NaN stands for 'Not a Number'. In Python libraries like NumPy and Pandas, NaN is the legal
empty value used to represent missing or undefined values, and we can use np.NaN to specify a missing
value.
Question 17

In Python Pandas, while performing mathematical operations on series, index matching is implemented
and all missing values are filled in with ............... by default.
1. Null
2. Blank
3. NaN
4. Zero
Answer
NaN
Reason — When performing mathematical operations on pandas Series objects, index matching is
implemented (this is called data alignment in Pandas objects), and missing values are filled with NaN
(Not a Number) by default.
Question 18

Given a Pandas series called Sequences, the command which will display the first 4 rows is ............... .
1. print(Sequences.head(4))
2. print(Sequences.Head(4))
3. print(Sequences.heads(4)
4. print(Sequences.Heads(4))
Answer
print(Sequences.head(4))
Reason — The syntax to display the first n rows from a Series object is <Series object>.head([n]).
Therefore, according to this syntax, the command to display the first 4 rows of Sequences is
print(Sequences.head(4)).
Question 19

Which of the following statement is wrong in context of DataFrame ?

1. Two dimensional size is Mutable
2. Can Perform Arithmetic operations on rows and columns.
3. Homogeneous tabular data structure
4. Create DataFrame from numpy ndarray
Answer
Homogeneous tabular data structure
Reason — The pandas DataFrames can hold heterogeneous data, meaning each column can have a
different data type.
Question 20

Which of the following is a two-dimensional labelled data structure of Python ?

1. Relation
2. DataFrame
3. Series
4. Square
Answer
DataFrame
Reason — A DataFrame is a two-dimensional labelled array like Pandas data structure that stores an
ordered collection columns that can store data of different types.
Question 21

When we create a DataFrame from a list of Dictionaries the columns labels are formed by the :
1. Union of the keys of the dictionaries
2. Intersection of the keys of the dictionaries
3. Union of the values of the dictionaries
4. Intersection of the values of the dictionaries
Answer
Union of the keys of the dictionaries
Reason — When we create a DataFrame from a list of dictionaries, the column labels are formed by the
union of the keys of the dictionaries.
Question 22

If a DataFrame is created using a 2D dictionary, then the indexes/row labels are formed from ............... .
1. dictionary's values
2. inner dictionary's keys
3. outer dictionary's keys
4. none of these
Answer
inner dictionary's keys
Reason — When a DataFrame is created using a 2D dictionary, then the indexes/row labels are formed
from keys of inner dictionaries.
Question 23

If a dataframe is created using a 2D dictionary, then the column labels are formed from ............... .
1. dictionary's values
2. inner dictionary's keys
3. outer dictionary's keys
4. none of these
Answer
outer dictionary's keys
Reason — When a DataFrame is created using a 2D dictionary, then the column labels are formed from
keys of outer dictionaries.
Question 24

Which of the following can be used to specify the data while creating a DataFrame ?
1. Series
2. List of Dictionaries
3. Structured ndarray
4. All of these
Answer
All of these
Reason — We can create a DataFrame object by passing data in many different ways, such as two-
dimensional dictionaries (i.e., dictionaries having lists or dictionaries or ndarrays or series objects etc),
two-dimensional ndarrays, series type object and another DataFrame object.
Question 25

The axis 0 identifies a DataFrame's ............... .

1. rows
2. columns
3. values
4. datatype
Answer
rows
Reason — The axis 0 identifies a DataFrame's row index.
Question 26

The axis 1 identifies a DataFrame's ............... .

1. rows
2. columns
3. values
4. datatype
Answer
columns
Reason — The axis 1 identifies a DataFrame's column index.
Question 27

To get the number of elements in a dataframe, ............... attribute may be used.

1. size
2. shape
3. values
4. ndim
Answer
size
Reason — The size attribute will return an integer representing the number of elements in a DataFrame
object.
Question 28

To get NumPy representation of a dataframe, ............... attribute may be used.

1. size
2. shape
3. values
4. ndim
Answer
values
Reason — The values attribute will return a NumPy representation of the DataFrame.
Question 29

To get a number representing number of axes in a dataframe, ............... attribute may be used.
1. size
2. shape
3. values
4. ndim
Answer
ndim
Reason — The ndim attribute will return an integer representing the number of axes/array dimensions.
Question 30

Which attribute is not used with DataFrame ?

1. Size
2. Type
3. Empty
4. Columns
Answer
Type
Reason — The type attribute is not used with DataFrame.
Question 31

To get the transpose of a dataframe D1, you can write ............... .

1. D1.T
2. D1.Transpose
3. D1.Swap
4. All of these
Answer
D1.T
Reason — We can transpose a DataFrame by swapping its indexes and columns using the attribute T,
with the syntax DataFrame.T. Therefore, D1.T is used to get the transpose of a DataFrame D1.
Question 32

To extract row/column from a dataframe, ............ function may be used.

1. row()
2. column()
3. loc()
4. All of these
Answer
loc()
Reason — The loc() function is used to access row(s) and/or a combination of rows and columns from a
DataFrame object.
Question 33

To display the 3rd, 4th and 5th columns from the 6th to 9th rows of a dataframe DF, you can
write ............... .
1. DF.loc[6:9, 3:5]
2. DF.loc[6:10, 3:6]
3. DF.iloc[6:10, 3:6]
4. DF.iloc[6:9, 3:5]
Answer
DF.iloc[6:10, 3:6]
Reason — To display subset from dataframe using row and column numeric index/position, iloc is used
with syntax <DF object>.iloc[<start row index>:<end row index>, <start col index>:<end
col index>]. Therefore, according to this syntax, DF.iloc[6:10, 3:6] is correct slice notation to
display the 3rd, 4th and 5th columns from the 6th to 9th rows of a dataframe DF.
Question 34

To change the 5th column's value at 3rd row as 35 in dataframe DF, you can write ............... .
1. DF[4, 6] = 35
2. DF[3, 5] = 35
3. DF.iat[4, 6] = 35
4. DF.iat[3, 5] = 35
Answer
DF.iat[3, 5] = 35
Reason — The syntax to modify values using row and column position is <DataFrame>.iat[<row
position>, <column position>]. Therefore, according to this syntax, DF.iat[3, 5] = 35 is used to
change the 5th column's value at 3rd row as 35 in dataframe DF.
Question 35

Which among the following options can be used to create a DataFrame in Pandas ?
1. A scalar value
2. An ndarray
3. A python dict
4. All of these
Answer
All of these
Reason — We can create a DataFrame object in Pandas by passing data in many different ways, such as a
scalar value, an ndarray and a Python dictionary.
Question 36

Identify the correct statement :

1. The standard marker for missing data in Pandas is NaN.
2. Series act in a way similar to that of an array
3. Both (a) and (b)
4. None of the above
Answer
Both (a) and (b)
Reason — NaN stands for "Not a Number" and is used in Pandas to represent missing or undefined
values in a Series or DataFrame. A Series in Pandas is similar to a one-dimensional array or list in
Python. It has an index and a corresponding array of data values. Series can be accessed, sliced, and
manipulated in ways similar to arrays.
Question 37

Identify the correct option to select first four rows and second to fourth columns from a DataFrame 'Data':
1. display(Data.iloc[1 : 4, 2 : 4])
2. display(Data.iloc[1 : 5, 2 ; 5])
 3. print(Data.iloc[0 : 4, 1 : 4])
4. print(Data.iloc[1 : 4, 2 : 4])
Answer
print(Data.iloc[0 : 4, 1 : 4])
Reason — To display subset from dataframe using row and column numeric index/position, iloc is used
with syntax <DF object>.iloc[<start row index>:<end row index>, <start col index>:<end
col index>]. Therefore, according to this syntax, print(Data.iloc[0 : 4, 1 : 4]) is correct
statement to display first four rows and second to fourth columns from a DataFrame Data.
Question 38

To delete a column from a DataFrame, you may use ............... statement.

1. remove
2. del
3. drop
4. cancel
Answer
del
Reason — The del statement is used to delete a column from a DataFrame.
Question 39

To delete a row from a DataFrame, you may use ............... statement.

1. remove
2. del
3. drop
4. cancel
Answer
drop
Reason — The drop statement is used to delete a row from a DataFrame.
Question 40

Sudhanshu has written the following code to create a DataFrame with boolean index :
import numpy as npimport pandas as pd
df = pd.DataFrame(data = [[5, 6, 7]], index = [true, false, true])
print(df)
While executing the code, she is getting an error, help her to rectify the code :
1. df = pd.DataFrame([True, False, True], data = [5, 6, 7])
2. df = pd.DataFrame(data = [5, 6, 7], index = [True, False, True])
3. df = pd.DataFrame([true, false, true], data = [5, 6, 7])
4. df = pd.DataFrame(index = [true, false, true], data = [[5, 6, 7]])
Answer
df = pd.DataFrame(data = [5, 6, 7], index = [True, False, True])
Reason — The index values 'true' and 'false' should have the first letter capitalized to match Python's
boolean values. Also, the 'data' parameter should contain the list of values to be included in the
DataFrame. Hence, df = pd.DataFrame(data = [5, 6, 7], index = [True, False, True]) is
correct.
Fill in the Blanks
Question 1

Pandas is a popular data-science library of Python.

Question 2

A series is a Pandas data structure that represents a 1 D array like object.

Question 3
A DataFrame is a Pandas data structure that represents a 2 D array like object.
Question 4

You can use numpy.NaN for missing data.

Question 5

To specify datatype for a Series object, dtype argument is used.

Question 6

The len() function on Series object returns total elements in it including NaNs.
Question 7

The count() function on Series object returns only the count of non-NaN values in it.
Question 8

Series is value mutable.

Question 9

Series is not size mutable.

Question 10

DataFrame is size mutable as well as value mutable.

Question 11

In a DataFrame, Axis = 1 represents the column elements.

Question 12

To access values using row labels you can use DF.loc .

Question 13

To access individual value, you can use DF.at using row/column index labels.
Question 14

To access individual value, you can use DF.iat using row/column integer position.
Question 15

The rename() function requires inplace argument to make changes in the original dataframe.
True/False Questions
Question 1

A Pandas Series object can be thought of as a column or a row, essentially.

Answer
True
Reason — When a Series object is used as a column in a DataFrame, it behaves like a column. However,
when a Series is created with an index that matches the index of an existing DataFrame, it can behave like
a row.
Question 2

Both Series and DataFrame are one-dimensional data structure objects.

Answer
False
Reason — The Series is a one-dimensional data structure object, while the DataFrame is a two-
dimensional data structure object.
Question 3
While series is a one-dimensional data structure object, dataframe is a multi-dimensional data structure
object.
Answer
True
Reason — The Series is a one-dimensional data structure object, while the DataFrame is a multi-
dimensional data structure object.
Question 4

A Series object is value mutable.

Answer
True
Reason — The values within a Series object can be modified after the Series is created, hence they are
referred to as value mutable.
Question 5

A Series object is size mutable.

Answer
False
Reason — The size of a Series object, once created, cannot change. If we want to add/drop an element,
internally a new Series object will be created. Therefore, they are considered size immutable.
Question 6

A DataFrame object is value mutable.

Answer
True
Reason — The values within a DataFrame object can be modified after it is created, hence they are
referred to as value mutable.
Question 7

A DataFrame object is size mutable.

Answer
True
Reason — The size of a DataFrame object can change in place after it is created. This means we can add
or drop elements in an existing DataFrame object. Therefore, they are considered size mutable.
Question 8

There is no difference between a NumPy array and a Series object.

Answer
False
Reason — NumPy arrays can perform vectorized operations on two arrays only if their shapes match,
while Series objects can perform vectorized operations on two Series objects even if their shapes differ,
using NaN for non-matching indexes. Additionally, Series objects consume more memory compared to
NumPy arrays. Hence, NumPy array and Series object are different.
Question 9

A DataFrame can be thought of as a group of multiple Series objects.

Answer
True
Reason — A DataFrame can be thought of as a collection of multiple Series objects. This is because a
DataFrame can be created using multiple Series objects. For example, in a 2D dictionary, the values can
be represented as Series objects, and by passing this dictionary as an argument, a DataFrame object can
be created.
Question 10

A DataFrame has similar properties as a Series object.

Answer
False
Reason — A DataFrame is a 2-dimensional, heterogeneous, size-mutable data structure with 2 indexes,
while a Series is a 1-dimensional, homogeneous, size-immutable data structure with 1 index.
Question 11

A Series object can store only homogeneous (same type of) elements.
Answer
True
Reason — A Series object in Pandas can store only homogeneous elements, meaning all elements must
be of the same data type.
Question 12

A DataFrame object can store only homogeneous elements.

Answer
False
Reason — A DataFrame object can store heterogeneous elements, meaning it can have elements of
different data types.
Question 13

The del statement can remove the rows as well as columns in a dataframe.
Answer
False
Reason — The del statement is used to delete columns in a DataFrame, while the drop() function is
used to delete rows from a DataFrame.
Question 14

The rename() always makes changes in the default dataframe.

Answer
False
Reason — If the inplace argument in the rename() function is set to True, then it makes changes in the
default DataFrame. If it is set to False, then it returns a new DataFrame with the changes applied.
Assertions and Reasons
Question 1

Assertion (A). To use the Pandas library in a Python program, one must import it.
Reasoning (R). The only alias name that can be used with the Pandas library is pd.
1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
2. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
3. A is true but R is false.
4. A is false but R is true.
Answer
A is true but R is false.
Explanation
In order to work with Pandas in Python, we need to import the Pandas library into our Python
environment using the statement import pandas as pd. While pd is a common alias used with the
Pandas library, it's not the only alias that can be used. We can import Pandas using other alias names as
well.
Question 2

Assertion. A series is a 1D data structure which is value-mutable but size-immutable.

Reason. Every time you change the size of a series object, change does not take place in the existing
series object, rather a new series object is created with the new size.
1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
2. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
 3. A is true but R is false.
4. A is false but R is true.
Answer
Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation
A series is a one-dimensional data structure that is value-mutable but size-immutable. This means that we
can modify the values within a series, but we cannot change its size once it's created. Every time we
attempt to change the size of a series object by adding or dropping an element, internally a new series
object is created with the new size.
Question 3

Assertion. A dataframe is a 2D data structure which is value mutable and size mutable.
Reason. Every change in a dataframe internally creates a new dataframe object.
1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
2. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
3. A is true but R is false.
4. A is false but R is true.
Answer
A is true but R is false.
Explanation
A DataFrame is a two-dimensional data structure that is both value-mutable and size-mutable. This means
that we can modify the values within a DataFrame, change its size once it's created, and add or drop
elements in an existing DataFrame object without creating a new DataFrame internally.
Question 4

Assertion. A dataframe is value mutable and size-mutable.

Reason. All changes occur in-place in a dataframe.
1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
2. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
3. A is true but R is false.
4. A is false but R is true.
Answer
Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation
A DataFrame is a two-dimensional data structure that is both value-mutable and size-mutable. This means
that we can modify the values within a DataFrame, change its size in place once it's created, and add or
drop elements in an existing DataFrame object without creating a new DataFrame internally.
Question 5

Assertion. A series object stores values of homogeneous types.

Reason. Even if values appear to be of different types, internally they are stored in a common datatype.
1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
2. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
3. A is true but R is false.
4. A is false but R is true.
Answer
Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation
A Series object in Pandas stores values of homogeneous types, meaning all values are of the same data
type. Even if values appear to be of different types, internally they are stored in a common datatype.
Question 6

Assertion. Arithmetic operations on two series objects take place on matching indexes.
Reason. Non-matching indexes are removed from the result of arithmetic operation on series objects.
1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
 2. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
3. A is true but R is false.
4. A is false but R is true.
Answer
A is true but R is false.
Explanation
Arithmetic operations on two Series objects take place on matching indexes. When performing operations
on objects with non-matching indexes, Pandas aligns the indexes and adds values for matching indexes,
resulting in NaN (Not a Number) for non-matching indexes in both objects.
Question 7

Assertion. Arithmetic operations on two series objects take place on matching indexes.
Reason. For non-matching indexes of series objects in an arithmetic operation, NaN is returned.
1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
2. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
3. A is true but R is false.
4. A is false but R is true.
Answer
Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation
Arithmetic operations on two Series objects take place on matching indexes. When performing operations
on objects with non-matching indexes, Pandas aligns the indexes and adds values for matching indexes,
resulting in NaN (Not a Number) for non-matching indexes in both objects.
Question 8

Assertion. While changing the values of a column in a dataframe, if the column does not exist, an error
occurs.
Reason. If values are provided for a non-existing column in a dataframe, a new column is added with
those values.
1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
2. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
3. A is true but R is false.
4. A is false but R is true.
Answer
A is false but R is true.
Explanation
While changing the values of a column in a dataframe where the column does not exist does not cause an
error. Instead, a new column with those values is added to the dataframe. If values are provided for a non-
existing column in a dataframe, a new column is added with those values.
Question 9

Assertion. .loc() is a label based data selecting method to select a specific row(s) or column(s) which we
want to select.
Reason. .iloc() can not be used with default indices if customized indices are provided.
1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
2. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
3. A is true but R is false.
4. A is false but R is true.
Answer
A is true but R is false.
Explanation
The .loc() is a label-based method in Pandas used for selecting specific rows or columns based on their
labels (indices). While .iloc() can be used with default indices (0-based integer indices) even if
customized indices are provided. .iloc[] is primarily used for integer-location based indexing.
Question 10
Assertion. DataFrame has both a row and column index.
Reason. A DataFrame is a two-dimensional labelled data structure like a table of MySQL.
1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
2. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
3. A is true but R is false.
4. A is false but R is true.
Answer
Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation
A DataFrame in Pandas has both a row index and a column index. It is a two-dimensional labeled data
structure, similar to a table in MySQL, each value is identifiable with the combination of row and column
indices.
Type A: Very Short Answer Questions
Question 1

What is the significance of Pandas library ?

Answer
The significance of Python Pandas library is as follows:
1. It can read or write in many different data formats (integer, float, double, etc.).
2. It can calculate in all the possible ways data is organized i.e., across rows and down columns.
3. It can easily select subsets of data from bulky data sets and even combine multiple datasets together. It has
functionality to find and fill missing data.
4. It allows to apply operations to independent groups within the data.
5. It supports reshaping of data into different forms.
6. It supports advanced time-series functionality.
7. It supports visualization by integrating matplotlib and seaborn etc. libraries.
Question 2

Name some common data structures of Python's Pandas library.

Answer
The common data structures of Python's Pandas library are Series and DataFrame.
Question 3

How is a Series object different from and similar to ndarrays ? Support your answer with examples.
Answer
A Series object in Pandas is both similar to and different from ndarrays (NumPy arrays).
Similarities:
Both Series and ndarrays store homogeneous data, meaning all elements must be of the same data type
(e.g., integers, floats, strings).
Differences:
Series Object ndarrays
It does not support explicit indexing,
It supports explicit indexing, i.e., we can
only supports implicit indexing
programmatically choose, provide and change
whereby the indexes are implicitly
indexes in terms of numbers or labels.
given 0 onwards.
It supports indexes of numeric as well of It supports indexes of only numeric
string types. types.
It can perform vectorized operations on two
It can perform vectorized operations
series objects, even if their shapes are
on two ndarrays only if their shapes
different by using NaN for non-matching
match.
indexes/labels.
It takes more memory compared to a numpy It takes lesser memory compared to
 Series Object ndarrays
array. a Series object.
Question 4

Write single line Pandas statement for the following. (Assuming necessary modules have been
imported) :
Declare a Pandas series named Packets having dataset as :
[125, 92, 104, 92, 85, 116, 87, 90]
Answer
Packets = pandas.Series([125, 92, 104, 92, 85, 116, 87, 90], name = 'Packets')
Question 5

Write commands to print following details of a Series object seal :

(a) if the series is empty
(b) indexes of the series
(c) The data type of underlying data
(d) if the series stores any NaN values
Answer
(a)
seal.empty
(b)
seal.index
(c)
seal.dtype
(d)
seal.hasnans
Question 6

Given the following Series S1 and S2 :

S1
1
A
0
4
B
0
3
C
4
6
D
0
S2
8
A
0
2
B
0
7
C
4
9
D
0
Write the command to find the sum of series S1 and S2.
Answer
>>> print(S1 + S2)
Output

A 90
B 60
C 108
D 150
dtype: int64
Question 7

Consider two objects x and y. x is a list whereas y is a Series. Both have values 20, 40, 90, 110.
What will be the output of the following two statements considering that the above objects have been
created already ?
(a) print (x*2)
(b) print (y*2)
Justify your answer.
Answer
(a)
Output

[20, 40, 90, 110, 20, 40, 90, 110]

In the first statement, x represents a list. When a list is multiplied by 2 (x*2), it replicates each element of
the list twice.
(b)
Output

0 40
1 80
2 180
3 220
dtype: int64
In the second statement, y represents a Series. When a Series is multiplied by a value, each element of the
Series is multiplied by 2, as Series supports vectorized operations.
Question 8

Given a dataframe df as shown below :

A B D
1 1 1
0
5 7 9
1 1 2
1
6 8 0
2 2 2
2
0 1 2
What will be the result of following code statements ?
(a) df['C'] = np.NaN
(b) df['C'] = [2, 5]
(c) df['C'] = [12, 15, 27]
Answer
(a) df['C'] = np.NaN — This statement will add a new column 'C' to the dataframe and assign np.NaN
(Not a Number) to all rows in this new column.
The updated dataframe will look like this:
Output

A B D C
0 15 17 19 NaN
1 16 18 20 NaN
2 20 21 22 NaN
(b) df['C'] = [2, 5] — This statement will result in error because the length of the list [2, 5] does not
match the number of rows in the DataFrame df.
(c) df['C'] = [12, 15, 27] — This statement will add a new column 'C' to the dataframe and assign
the values from the list [12, 15, 27] to the new column. This time, all rows in the new column will be
assigned a value.
The updated dataframe will look like this:
Output
 A B D C
0 15 17 19 12
1 16 18 20 15
2 20 21 22 27
Question 9

Write code statements to list the following, from a dataframe namely sales:
(a) List only columns 'Item' and 'Revenue'.
(b) List rows from 3 to 7.
(c) List the value of cell in 5th row, 'Item' column.
Answer
(a)
>>> sales[['Item', 'Revenue']]
(b)
>>> sales.iloc[2:7]
(c)
>>> sales.Item[4]
Question 10

Hitesh wants to display the last four rows of the dataframe df and has written the following code :
df.tail()
But last 5 rows are being displayed. Identify the error and rewrite the correct code so that last 4 rows get
displayed.
Answer
The error in Hitesh's code is that the tail() function in pandas by default returns the last 5 rows of the
dataframe. To display the last 4 rows, Hitesh needs to specify the number of rows he wants to display.
Here's the correct code:
df.tail(4)
Question 11

How would you add a new column namely 'val' to a dataframe df that has 10 rows in it and has columns
as 'Item', 'Qty', 'Price' ? You can choose to put any values of your choice.
Answer
The syntax to add a new column to a DataFrame is <DF object>.[<column>] = <new value>.
Therefore, according to this syntax, the statement to add a column named 'val' to a dataframe df with 10
rows is :
df['val'] = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
Question 12

Write code statements for a dataframe df for the following :

(a) delete an existing column from it.
(b) delete rows from 3 to 6 from it.
(c) Check if the dataframe has any missing values.
(d) fill all missing values with 999 in it.
Answer
(a)
>>> del df[<column_name>]
(b)
>>> df.drop(range(2, 6))
(c)
>>> df.isnull()
(d)
>>> df.fillna(999)
Question 13

Write statement(s) to delete a row from a DataFrame.

Answer
The statement to delete a row from a DataFrame is:
<DF>.drop(index).
For example, the statement to delete the second row from a dataframe df is df.drop(1).
Question 14

Write statement(s) to delete a column from a DataFrame.

Answer
The statements to delete a column from a DataFrame is:
del <Df object>[<column name>]
OR
df.drop([<column name>], axis = 1).
For example, the statement to delete a column Population from a dataframe df is del
df['Population] or df.drop('Population', axis = 1).
Question 15

Write statement(s) to change the value at 5th row, 6th column in a DataFrame df.
Answer
The statement to change the value at 5th row, 6th column in a DataFrame df is:
df.iat[5, 6] = <new value>.
Question 16

Write statement(s) to change the values to 750 at 4th row to 9th row, 7th column in a DataFrame df.
Answer
The statement to change the value to 750 at 4th row to 9th row, 7th column in a DataFrame df is:
df.iloc[3:9, 6] = 750.
Question 17

What is the difference between iloc and loc with respect to a DataFrame ?
Answer
iloc method loc method
iloc is used for integer-based indexing. loc is used for label-based indexing.
It allows to access rows and columns using It allows to access rows and columns
integer indices, where the first row or column using their labels (index or column
has an index of 0. names).
With loc, both the start label and end
With iloc, the end index/position in slices is
label are included when given as
excluded when given as start:end.
start:end.
The syntax is df.iloc[row_index, The syntax is df.loc[row_label,
column_index]. column_label].
Question 18

What is the difference between iat and at with respect to a DataFrame ?

Answer
iat method at method
iat is used for integer-based indexing. at is used for label-based indexing.
It allows to access a single value in the It allows to access a single value in the
DataFrame by specifying the row and DataFrame by specifying the row and
column indices using integers. column labels (index or column names).
The syntax is df.iat[row_index,
The syntax is df.at[row_label, col_label].
col_index].
Question 19

How would you delete columns from a dataframe ?

Answer
To delete columns from a dataframe, we use the del statement with the syntax:
del <Df object>[<column name>]
OR
df.drop([<column name], axis = 1).
For example, the statement to delete columns A, B from a dataframe df is del df['A'] and del
df['B'] or df.drop(['A', 'B'], axis = 1).
Question 20

How would you delete rows from a dataframe ?

Answer
To delete rows from a dataframe, we use the drop() function with the syntax:
<DF>.drop(sequence of indexes).
For example, the statement to delete the rows with indexes 2, 3, 4 from a dataframe df is df.drop([2,
3, 4]).
Question 21

Which function would you use to rename the index/column names in a dataframe ?
Answer
The rename() function in pandas is used to rename index or column names in a DataFrame.
Type B: Short Answer Questions/Conceptual
Questions
Question 1

Consider following Series object namely S :

0 0.430271
1 0.617328
2 -0.265421
3 -0.836113
dtype:float64
What will be returned by following statements ?
(a) S * 100
(b) S > 0
(c) S1 = pd.Series(S)
(d) S2 = pd.Series(S1) + 3
What will be the values of Series objects S1 and S2 created above ?
Answer
(a) S * 100
Output

0 43.0271
1 61.7328
2 -26.5421
3 -83.6113
dtype: float64
(b) S > 0
Output

0 True
1 True
2 False
3 False
dtype: bool
(c) S1 = pd.Series(S)
Output

0 0.430271
1 0.617328
2 -0.265421
3 -0.836113
dtype: float64
(d) S2 = pd.Series(S1) + 3
Output

0 3.430271
1 3.617328
2 2.734579
3 2.163887
dtype: float64
The values of Series object S1 created above is as follows:
0 0.430271
1 0.617328
2 -0.265421
3 -0.836113
dtype: float64
The values of Series object S2 created above is as follows:
0 3.430271
1 3.617328
2 2.734579
3 2.163887
dtype: float64
Question 2

Consider the same Series object, S, given in the previous question. What output will be produced by
following code fragment ?
S.index = ['AMZN', 'AAPL', 'MSFT', 'GOOG']print(S) print(S['AMZN'])S['AMZN'] =
1.5print(S['AMZN'])print(S)
Answer
Output

AMZN 0.430271
AAPL 0.617328
MSFT -0.265421
GOOG -0.836113
dtype: float64
0.430271
1.5
AMZN 1.500000
AAPL 0.617328
MSFT -0.265421
GOOG -0.836113
dtype: float64
Explanation

The provided code fragment first changes the index labels of the Series S to ['AMZN', 'AAPL', 'MSFT',
'GOOG'], prints the modified Series S, and then proceeds to print and modify the value corresponding to
the 'AMZN' index. Specifically, it prints the value at the 'AMZN' index before and after assigning a new
value of 1.5 to that index. Finally, it prints the Series S again, showing the updated value at the 'AMZN'
index.
Question 3

What will be the output produced by the following code ?

Stationery = ['pencils', 'notebooks', 'scales', 'erasers']S = pd.Series([20, 33, 52,
10], index = Stationery)S2 = pd.Series([17, 13, 31, 32], index = Stationery)print(S
+ S2)S = S + S2print(S + S2)
Answer
Output

pencils 37
notebooks 46
scales 83
erasers 42
dtype: int64
pencils 54
notebooks 59
scales 114
erasers 74
dtype: int64
Explanation

The code creates two Pandas Series, S and S2. It then prints the result of adding these two Series element-
wise based on their corresponding indices. After updating S by adding S and S2, it prints the result of
adding updated S and S2 again.
Question 4

What will be the output produced by following code, considering the Series object S given above ?
(a) print(S[1:1])
(b) print(S[0:1])
(c) print(S[0:2])
(d)
S[0:2] = 12
print(S)
(e)
print(S.index)
print(S.values)
Answer
(a)
Output

Series([], dtype: int64)

Explanation

The slice S[1:1] starts at index 1 and ends at index 1, but because the end index is exclusive, it does not
include any elements, resulting in an empty Series.
(b)
Output

pencils 20
dtype: int64
Explanation

The slice S[0:1] starts at index 0 and ends at index 1, but because the end index is exclusive, it includes
only one element i.e., the element at index 0.
(c)
Output

pencils 20
notebooks 33
dtype: int64
Explanation

The slice S[0:2] starts at index 0 and ends at index 1, hence, it includes two elements i.e., elements from
index 0 and 1.
(d)
Output

pencils 12
notebooks 12
scales 52
erasers 10
dtype: int64
Explanation
The slice S[0:2] = 12 assigns the value 12 to indices 0 and 1 in Series S, directly modifying those
elements. The updated Series is then printed.
(e)
Output

Index(['pencils', 'notebooks', 'scales', 'erasers'], dtype = 'object')

[20 33 52 10]
Explanation

The code print(S.index) displays the indices of Series S, while print(S.values) displays the values
of Series.
Question 5

Write a Python program to create a series object, country using a list that stores the capital of each
country.
Note. Assume four countries to be used as index of the series object are India, UK, Denmark and
Thailand having their capitals as New Delhi, London, Copenhagen and Bangkok respectively.
Solution

import pandas as pdcapitals = ['New Delhi', 'London', 'Copenhagen',

'Bangkok']countries = ['India', 'UK', 'Denmark', 'Thailand']country =
pd.Series(capitals, index=countries)print(country)
Output

India New Delhi

UK London
Denmark Copenhagen
Thailand Bangkok
dtype: object
Question 6(a)

Find the error in following code fragment :

S2 = pd.Series([101, 102, 102, 104]) print(S2.index) S2.index = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
S2[5] = 220 print(S2)
Answer
S2 = pd.Series([101, 102, 102, 104]) print(S2.index) S2.index = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
#Error 1S2[5] = 220 print(S2)
Error 1 — The Series S2 initially has four elements, so assigning a new index list of six elements ([0, 1, 2,
3, 4, 5]) to S2.index will raise a ValueError because the new index list length does not match the length
of the Series.
The corrected code is:
S2 = pd.Series([101, 102, 102, 104])print(S2.index)S2.index = [0, 1, 2, 3]S2[5] =
220print(S2)
Question 6(b)

Find the error in following code fragment :

S = pd.Series(2, 3, 4, 5, index = range(4))
Answer
In the above code fragment, the data values should be enclosed in square brackets [] to form a list.
The corrected code is:
S = pd.Series([2, 3, 4, 5], index = range(4))
Question 6(c)

Find the error in following code fragment

S1 = pd.Series(1, 2, 3, 4, index = range(7))
Answer
In the above code fragment, the data values should be enclosed in square brackets to form a list and the
specified index range range(7) is out of range for the provided data [1, 2, 3, 4]. Since there are only four
data values, the index should have a length that matches the number of data values.
The corrected code is:
S1 = pd.Series([1, 2, 3, 4], index = range(4))
Question 6(d)

Find the error in following code fragment :

S2 = pd.Series([1, 2, 3, 4], index = range(4))
Answer
There is no error in the above code.
Question 7

Find the Error :

data = np.array(['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f']) s = pd.Series(data, index = [100, 101, 102,
103, 104, 105]) print(s[102, 103, 104] )
Can you correct the error ?
Answer
The error in the above code is in the line print(s[102, 103, 104]). When accessing elements in a
pandas Series using square brackets, we should use a list of index values, not multiple separate index
values separated by commas.
The corrected code is:
data = np.array(['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f']) s = pd.Series(data, index = [100, 101, 102,
103, 104, 105]) print(s[[102, 103, 104]])
Question 8

Why does following code cause error ?

s1 = pd.Series(range(1, 15, 3), index = list('abcd'))
Answer
The code causes an error because the length of the data (range(1, 15, 3)) and the length of the index
(list('abcd')) do not match. The range(1, 15, 3) generates the sequence [1, 4, 7, 10, 13], which
has a length of 5. The list('abcd') generates the list ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'], which has a length of 4. When
creating a pandas Series, the length of the data and the length of the index must be the same.
Question 9

Why does following code cause error ?

s1 = pd.Series(range(1, 15, 3), index = list('ababa')) print(s1['ab'])
Answer
The statement s1['ab'] causes an Error because 'ab' is not a single key in the index. The index has
individual keys 'a' and 'b', but not 'ab'.
Question 10

If Ser is a Series type object having 30 values, then how are statements (a), (b) and (c), (d) similar and
different ?
(a) print(Ser.head())
(b) print(Ser.head(8))
(c) print(Ser.tail())
(d) print(Ser.tail(11))
Answer
The statements (a), (b), (c) and (d) are all used to view the values from a pandas Series object Ser.
However, they differ in the number of values they display.
(a) print(Ser.head()): This statement will display the first 5 values from the Series Ser.
(b) print(Ser.head(8)): This statement will display the first 8 values from the Series Ser.
(c) print(Ser.tail()): This statement will display the last 5 values from the Series Ser.
(d) print(Ser.tail(11)): This statement will display the last 11 values from the Series Ser.
Question 11
What advantages does dataframe offer over series data structure ? If you have similar data stored in
multiple series and a single dataframe, which one would you prefer and why ?
Answer
The advantages of using a DataFrame over a Series are as follows:
1. A DataFrame can have multiple columns, whereas a Series can only have one.
2. A DataFrame can store data of different types in different columns, whereas a Series can only store data of a single
type.
3. A DataFrame allows to perform operations on entire columns, whereas a Series only allows to perform operations
on individual elements.
4. A DataFrame allows to index data using both row and column labels, whereas a Series only allows to index data
using a single label.
If there is similar data stored in multiple Series and a single DataFrame, I would prefer to use the
DataFrame. This is because a DataFrame allows us to store and manipulate data in a more organized and
structured way, and it allows us to perform operations on entire columns. Additionally, a DataFrame
allows us to index data using both row and column labels, which makes it easier to access and manipulate
data.
Question 12

Create a DataFrame in Python from the given list :

[['Divya', 'HR', 95000], ['Mamta', 'Marketing', 97000], ['Payal', 'IT', 980000], ['Deepak', 'Sales', 79000]]
Also give appropriate column headings as shown below :
Nam Departm Salar
e ent y
0 Divya HR 95000
Mamt Marketin
1 97000
a g
98000
2 Payal IT
0
Deep
3 Sales 79000
ak
Solution

import pandas as pddata = [['Divya', 'HR', 95000], ['Mamta', 'Marketing', 97000],

['Payal', 'IT', 980000], ['Deepak', 'Sales', 79000]]df = pd.DataFrame(data,
columns=['Name', 'Department', 'Salary'])print(df)
Output

Name Department Salary

0 Divya HR 95000
1 Mamta Marketing 97000
2 Payal IT 980000
3 Deepak Sales 79000
Question 13

Carefully observe the following code :

import pandas as pdYear1 = {'Q1': 5000, 'Q2': 8000, 'Q3': 12000, 'Q4': 18000}
Year2 = {'A': 13000, 'B': 14000, 'C': 12000}totSales = {1: Year1, 2: Year2}df =
pd.DataFrame(totSales)print(df)
Answer the following :
(i) List the index of the DataFrame df.
(ii) List the column names of DataFrame df.
Answer
(i) The index of the DataFrame df is: ['Q1', 'Q2', 'Q3', 'Q4', 'A', 'B', 'C'].
(ii) The column names of the DataFrame df are: [1, 2].
Question 14
Given :
import pandas as pdd = {'one' : pd.Series([1., 2., 3.], index = ['a', 'b', 'c']), 'two' :
pd.Series([1., 2., 3., 4.], index = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'])} df = pd.DataFrame(d)df1 =
pd.DataFrame(d, index = ['d', 'b', 'a'])df2 = pd.DataFrame(d, index = ['d', 'a'],
columns = ['two', 'three'])print(df) print(df1) print(df2)
What will Python show the result as if you execute above code ?
Answer
Output

one two
a 1.0 1.0
b 2.0 2.0
c 3.0 3.0
d NaN 4.0
one two
d NaN 4.0
b 2.0 2.0
a 1.0 1.0
two three
d 4.0 NaN
a 1.0 NaN
Explanation

The given code creates three pandas DataFrames df, df1, and df2 using the same dictionary d with
different index and column labels. The first DataFrame df is created using the dictionary d with index
labels taken from the index of the Series objects in the dictionary. The resulting DataFrame has two
columns 'one' and 'two' with index labels 'a', 'b', 'c', and 'd'. The values in the DataFrame are filled in
accordance to the index and column labels. The second DataFrame df1 is created with the same
dictionary d but with a custom index ['d', 'b', 'a']. The third DataFrame df2 is created with a custom index
['d', 'a'] and a custom column label ['two', 'three']. Since the dictionary d does not have a column label
three, all its values are NaN (Not a Number), indicating missing data.
Question 15(a)

From the DataFrames created in previous question, write code to display only row 'a' from DataFrames
df, df1, and df2.
Solution

import pandas as pdd = {'one' : pd.Series([1., 2., 3.], index = ['a', 'b', 'c']), 'two' :
pd.Series([1., 2., 3., 4.], index = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'])} df = pd.DataFrame(d)df1 =
pd.DataFrame(d, index = ['d', 'b', 'a'])df2 = pd.DataFrame(d, index = ['d', 'a'],
columns = ['two', 'three'])print(df.loc['a',:])print(df1.loc['a',:])print(df2.loc['a',:])
Output

one 1.0
two 1.0
Name: a, dtype: float64
one 1.0
two 1.0
Name: a, dtype: float64
two 1.0
three NaN
Name: a, dtype: object
Question 15(b)

From the DataFrames created in previous question, write code to display only rows 0 and 1 from
DataFrames df, df1, and df2.
Solution

import pandas as pdd = {'one' : pd.Series([1., 2., 3.], index = ['a', 'b', 'c']), 'two' :
pd.Series([1., 2., 3., 4.], index = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'])} df = pd.DataFrame(d)df1 =
pd.DataFrame(d, index = ['d', 'b', 'a'])df2 = pd.DataFrame(d, index = ['d', 'a'],
columns = ['two', 'three'])print(df.iloc[0:2])print(df1.iloc[0:2])print(df2.iloc[0:2])
Output

one two
a 1.0 1.0
b 2.0 2.0
one two
d NaN 4.0
b 2.0 2.0
two three
d 4.0 NaN
a 1.0 NaN
Question 15(c)

From the DataFrames created in previous question, write code to display only rows 'a' and 'b' for columns
1 and 2 from DataFrames df, df1 and df2.
Solution

import pandas as pdd = {'one' : pd.Series([1., 2., 3.], index = ['a', 'b', 'c']), 'two' :
pd.Series([1., 2., 3., 4.], index = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'])} df = pd.DataFrame(d)df1 =
pd.DataFrame(d, index = ['d', 'b', 'a'])df2 = pd.DataFrame(d, index = ['d', 'a'],
columns = ['two', 'three'])print(df.loc['a' : 'b', :])print(df1.loc['b' :
'a', :])print(df2.loc['d' : 'a', :])
Output

one two
a 1.0 1.0
b 2.0 2.0
one two
b 2.0 2.0
a 1.0 1.0
two three
d 4.0 NaN
a 1.0 NaN
Question 15(d)

From the DataFrames created in previous question, write code to add an empty column 'x' to all
DataFrames.
Solution

import pandas as pdd = {'one' : pd.Series([1., 2., 3.], index = ['a', 'b', 'c']), 'two' :
pd.Series([1., 2., 3., 4.], index = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'])} df = pd.DataFrame(d)df1 =
pd.DataFrame(d, index = ['d', 'b', 'a'])df2 = pd.DataFrame(d, index = ['d', 'a'],
columns = ['two', 'three'])df['x'] = Nonedf1['x'] = Nonedf2['x'] =
Noneprint(df)print(df1)print(df2)
Output

one two x
a 1.0 1.0 None
b 2.0 2.0 None
c 3.0 3.0 None
d NaN 4.0 None
one two x
d NaN 4.0 None
b 2.0 2.0 None
a 1.0 1.0 None
two three x
d 4.0 NaN None
a 1.0 NaN None
Question 16
What will be the output of the following program ?
import pandas as pddic = {'Name' : ['Sapna', 'Anmol', 'Rishul', 'Sameep'], 'Agg' :
[56, 67, 75, 76], 'Age' : [16, 18, 16, 19]}df = pd.DataFrame(dic, columns =
['Name', 'Age'])print(df)
(a)
Name Agg Age
101 Sapna 56 16
102 Anmol 67 18
103 Rishul 75 16
104 Sameep 76 19
(b)
Name Agg Age
0 Sapna 56 16
1 Anmol 67 18
2 Rishul 75 16
3 Sameep 76 19
(c)
Name
0 Sapna
1 Anmol
2 Rishul
3 Sameep
(d)
Name Age
0 Sapna 16
1 Anmol 18
2 Rishul 16
3 Sameep 19
Answer
(d)
Output

Name Age
0 Sapna 16
1 Amol 18
2 Rishul 16
3 Sameep 19
Explanation

The code creates a DataFrame df with columns 'Name' and 'Age' using a dictionary. It contains data about
individual's names and ages. The DataFrame is then printed, displaying the specified columns.
Question 17

Predict the output of following code (it uses below given dictionary my_di).
my_di = {"name" : ["Jiya", "Tim", "Rohan"],
"age" : np.array([10, 15, 20]),
"weight" : (75, 123, 239),
"height" : [4.5, 5, 6.1],
"siblings" : 1,
"gender" : "M"}
df = pd.DataFrame(my_di)print(df)
Answer
Output

name age weight height siblings gender

0 Jiya 10 75 4.5 1 M
1 Tim 15 123 5.0 1 M
2 Rohan 20 239 6.1 1 M
Explanation

The given code creates a dictionary my_di. Then, a DataFrame df is created using the pd.DataFrame()
constructor and passing the my_di dictionary. The print() function is used to display the DataFrame.
Question 18

Consider the same dictionary my_di in the previous question (shown below), what will be the output
produced by following code ?
my_di = {"name" : ["Jiya", "Tim", "Rohan"],
"age" : np.array([10, 15, 20]),
"weight" : (75, 123, 239),
"height" : [4.5, 5, 6.1],
"siblings" : 1,
"gender" : "M"}
df2 = pd.DataFrame(my_di, index = my_di["name"])print(df2)
Answer
Output

name age weight height siblings gender

Jiya Jiya 10 75 4.5 1 M
Tim Tim 15 123 5.0 1 M
Rohan Rohan 20 239 6.1 1 M
Explanation

The given code creates a dictionary my_di. Then, a DataFrame df2 is created using the pd.DataFrame()
constructor and passing the my_di dictionary and the my_di["name"] list as the index. The print()
function is used to display the DataFrame.
Question 19

Assume that required libraries (panda and numpy) are imported and dataframe df2 has been created as per
questions 17 and 18 above. Predict the output of following code fragment :
print(df2["weight"])print(df2.weight['Tim'])
Answer
Output

Jiya 75
Tim 123
Rohan 239
Name: weight, dtype: int64
123
Explanation

The given code creates a dictionary my_di. Then, a DataFrame df2 is created using the pd.DataFrame()
constructor and passing the my_di dictionary and the my_di["name"] list as the index. The print()
function is used to display the 'weight' column of the DataFrame df2 and the value of the 'weight' column
for the row with index 'Tim'.
Question 20

Assume that required libraries (panda and numpy) are imported and dataframe df2 has been created as per
questions 17 and 18 above. Predict the output of following code fragment :
df2["IQ"] = [130, 105, 115] df2["Married"] = Falseprint(df2)
Answer
Output

name age weight height siblings gender IQ Married

Jiya Jiya 10 75 4.5 1 M 130 False
Tim Tim 15 123 5.0 1 M 105 False
Rohan Rohan 20 239 6.1 1 M 115 False
Explanation

The code adds two new columns "IQ" with values [130, 105, 115] and "Married" with value "False" for
all rows to DataFrame df2, then prints the DataFrame.
Question 21
Assume that required libraries (panda and numpy) are imported and dataframe df2 has been created as per
questions 17 and 18 above. Predict the output produced by following code fragment :
df2["College"] = pd.Series(["IIT"], index=["Rohan"]) print(df2)
Answer
Output

name age weight height siblings gender College

Jiya Jiya 10 75 4.5 1 M NaN
Tim Tim 15 123 5.0 1 M NaN
Rohan Rohan 20 239 6.1 1 M IIT
Explanation

The code snippet uses the pandas and numpy libraries in Python to create a DataFrame named df2 from a
dictionary my_di. The DataFrame is indexed by names, and a new column "College" is added with "IIT"
as the value only for the index named "Rohan."
Question 22

Assume that required libraries (panda and numpy) are imported and dataframe df2 has been created as per
questions 17 and 18 above. Predict the output produced by following code fragment :
print(df2.loc["Jiya"])print(df2.loc["Jiya", "IQ"])print(df2.loc["Jiya":"Tim",
"IQ":"College"]) print(df2.iloc[0])print(df2.iloc[0, 5])print(df2.iloc[0:2, 5:8])
Answer
Output

name Jiya
age 10
weight 75
height 4.5
siblings 1
gender M
IQ 130
College NaN
Name: Jiya, dtype: object
130
IQ College
Jiya 130 NaN
Tim 105 NaN
name Jiya
age 10
weight 75
height 4.5
siblings 1
gender M
IQ 130
College NaN
Name: Jiya, dtype: object
M
gender IQ College
Jiya M 130 NaN
Tim M 105 NaN
Explanation

1. print(df2.loc["Jiya"]) — This line prints all columns of the row with the index "Jiya".
2. print(df2.loc["Jiya", "IQ"]) — This line prints the value of the "IQ" column for the row with the index
"Jiya".
3. print(df2.loc["Jiya":"Tim", "IQ":"College"]) — This line prints a subset of rows and columns
using labels, from "Jiya" to "Tim" for rows and from "IQ" to "College" for columns.
4. print(df2.iloc[0]) — This line prints all columns of the first row using integer-based indexing (position 0).
5. print(df2.iloc[0, 5]) — This line prints the value of the 6th column for the first row using integer-based
indexing.
6. print(df2.iloc[0:2, 5:8]) — This line prints a subset of rows and columns using integer-based indexing,
selecting rows from position 0 to 1 and columns from position 5 to 7.
Question 23

What is the output of the following code ?

d = {'col1': [1, 4, 3 ], 'col2': [6, 7, 8], 'col3': [9, 0, 1]}df =
pd.DataFrame(d)print("Original DataFrame")print(df)print("New DataFrame :")dfn
= df.drop(df.index[[1, 2]])print(dfn)
Answer
Output

Original DataFrame
col1 col2 col3
0 1 6 9
1 4 7 0
2 3 8 1
New DataFrame :
col1 col2 col3
0 1 6 9
Explanation

The code creates a DataFrame using the pandas library in Python, named df, with three columns ('col1',
'col2', 'col3') and three rows of data. The DataFrame df is printed, and then a new DataFrame named dfn
is created by dropping the rows with indices 1 and 2 from the original DataFrame using
df.drop(df.index[[1, 2]]). The resulting DataFrame, dfn, contains only the first row from the df
DataFrame, removing rows 2 and 3.
Question 24

What is the output of the following code ?

data = {'age': [20, 23, 22], 'name': ['Ruhi', 'Ali', 'Sam']} df1 = pd.DataFrame(data,
index=[1, 2, 3])print("Before")print(df1)df1['Edu'] = ['BA', 'BE' ,
'MBA']print('After')print(dfl)
Answer
Output

Before
age name
1 20 Ruhi
2 23 Ali
3 22 Sam
After
age name Edu
1 20 Ruhi BA
2 23 Ali BE
3 22 Sam MBA
Explanation

The code utilizes the pandas library in Python to create a DataFrame named df1 using a dictionary data.
The df1 DataFrame is printed, showing the initial data. Then, a new column 'Edu' is added to the
DataFrame using df1['Edu'] = ['BA', 'BE' , 'MBA']. The updated DataFrame is printed.
Question 25

Consider the given DataFrame 'Genre' :

N Cod
Type
o e
0 Fiction F
Non-
1 NF
fiction
2 Drama D
3 Poetry P
Write suitable Python statements for the following :
(i) Add a column called Num_Copies with the following data : [300, 290, 450, 760].
(ii) Add a new genre of type 'Folk Tale' having code as "FT" and 600 number of copies.
(iii) Rename the column 'Code' to 'Book_Code'.
Answer
(i)
Genre['Num_Copies'] = [300, 290, 450, 760]
(ii)
Genre = Genre.append({'Type': 'Folk Tale', 'Code': 'FT', 'Num_Copies': 600},
ignore_index=True)
(iii)
Genre.rename(columns = {'Code': 'Book_Code'}, inplace = True)
Question 26

Write a program in Python Pandas to create the following DataFrame batsman from a Dictionary :
B_ Scor Score
Name
NO e1 2
1 Sunil Pillai 90 80
Gaurav
2 65 45
Sharma
3 Piyush Goel 70 90
Karthik
4 80 76
Thakur
Perform the following operations on the DataFrame :
(i) Add both the scores of a batsman and assign to column "Total".
(ii) Display the highest score in both Score1 and Score2 of the DataFrame.
(iii) Display the DataFrame.
Answer
import pandas as pddata = {'B_NO': [1, 2, 3, 4], 'Name': ['Sunil Pillai', 'Gaurav
Sharma', 'Piyush Goel', 'Karthik Thakur'], 'Score1': [90, 65, 70, 80], 'Score2': [80,
45, 90, 76]}batsman = pd.DataFrame(data)batsman['Total'] = batsman['Score1'] +
batsman['Score2']highest_score1 = batsman['Score1'].max()highest_score2 =
batsman['Score2'].max()print("Highest score in Score1: ",
highest_score1)print("Highest score in Score2: ", highest_score2)print(batsman)
Output

Highest score in Score1: 90

Highest score in Score2: 90
B_NO Name Score1 Score2 Total
0 1 Sunil Pillai 90 80 170
1 2 Gaurav Sharma 65 45 110
2 3 Piyush Goel 70 90 160
3 4 Karthik Thakur 80 76 156
Question 27

Consider the following dataframe, and answer the questions given below:
import pandas as pddf = pd.DataFrame( { "Quarter1": [2000, 4000, 5000, 4400,
10000], "Quarter2": [5800, 2500, 5400, 3000, 2900], "Quarter3": [20000, 16000,
7000, 3600, 8200], "Quarter4": [1400, 3700, 1700, 2000, 6000]})
(i) Write the code to find mean value from above dataframe df over the index and column axis.
(ii) Use sum() function to find the sum of all the values over the index axis.
Answer
(i)
import pandas as pddf = pd.DataFrame( { "Quarter1": [2000, 4000, 5000, 4400,
10000], "Quarter2": [5800, 2500, 5400, 3000, 2900], "Quarter3": [20000, 16000,
7000, 3600, 8200], "Quarter4": [1400, 3700, 1700, 2000,
6000]})mean_over_columns = df.sum(axis=1) / df.count(axis=1)print("Mean over
columns: \n", mean_over_columns)
mean_over_rows = df.sum(axis=0) / df.count(axis=0)print("Mean over rows: \n",
mean_over_rows)
Output

Mean over columns:

0 7300.0
1 6550.0
2 4775.0
3 3250.0
4 6775.0
dtype: float64

Mean over rows:

Quarter1 5080.0
Quarter2 3920.0
Quarter3 10960.0
Quarter4 2960.0
dtype: float64
(ii)
import pandas as pddf = pd.DataFrame( { "Quarter1": [2000, 4000, 5000, 4400,
10000], "Quarter2": [5800, 2500, 5400, 3000, 2900], "Quarter3": [20000, 16000,
7000, 3600, 8200], "Quarter4": [1400, 3700, 1700, 2000, 6000]})sum_over_index
= df.sum(axis=0)print("Sum over index (columns):\n", sum_over_index)
Output

Sum over index (columns):

Quarter1 25400
Quarter2 19600
Quarter3 54800
Quarter4 14800
dtype: int64
Question 28

Write the use of the rename(mapper = <dict-like>, axis = 1) method for a Pandas Dataframe. Can the
mapper and columns parameter be used together in a rename() method ?
Answer
The rename() method in pandas DataFrame is used to alter the names of columns or rows. It accepts
various parameters, including mapper and axis, which can be used together to rename columns and rows
based on a mapping dictionary. The mapper parameter allows for a dict-like object mapping old names to
new names, while axis specifies whether the renaming should occur along columns (axis=1) or rows
(axis=0).
Yes, the mapper parameter and the columns parameter can be used together in the rename() method of a
pandas DataFrame to rename columns. The mapper parameter is used to rename columns based on a
mapping dictionary where keys represent the old column names and values represent the new column
names. The columns parameter allows us to directly specify new column names without using a mapping
dictionary. With columns, we provide a list-like input containing the new column names, and pandas will
rename the columns accordingly.
Question 29

Find the error in the following code ? Suggest the solution.

>>> topDf
RollNo Name Marks
Sec A 115 Pavni 97.5
Sec B 236 Rishi 98.0
Sec C 307 Preet 98.5
Sec D 422 Paula 98.0
topDf.del['Sec D']
Answer
The error in the code is that topDf.del['Sec D'] is not the correct syntax to delete a row from a
DataFrame in pandas. The correct syntax to delete a row in pandas is using the drop() method along with
specifying the index label or index position of the row to be deleted.
The corrected code is:
>>> topDf.drop(['Sec D'])
Output

RollNo Name Marks

Sec A 115 Pavni 97.5
Sec B 236 Rishi 98.0
Sec C 307 Preet 98.5
Question 30

Find the error in the following code considering the same dataframe topDf given in the previous question.
(i) topDf.rename(index=['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'])
(ii) topDf.rename(columns = {})
Answer
(i) The line topDf.rename(index=['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']) attempts to rename the index of the
DataFrame topDf, but it doesn't assign the modified DataFrame back to topDf or use the inplace =
True parameter to modify topDf directly. Additionally, using a list of new index labels without
specifying the current index labels will result in an error.
The corrected code is:
topDf.rename(index={'Sec A': 'a', 'Sec B': 'b', 'Sec C': 'c', 'Sec D': 'd'}, inplace =
True)
(ii) The line topDf.rename(columns={}) attempts to rename columns in the DataFrame topDf, but it
provides an empty dictionary {} for renaming, which will not perform any renaming. We need to provide
a mapping dictionary with old column names as keys and new column names as values. To modify topDf
directly, it should use the inplace = True parameter.
The corrected code is:
topDf.rename(columns={'RollNo': 'NewRollNo', 'Name': 'NewName', 'Marks':
'NewMarks'}, inplace = True)
Type C: Long Answer Questions
Question 1

Write Python code to create a Series object Temp1 that stores temperatures of seven days in it. Take any
random seven temperatures.
Solution

import pandas as pdtemperatures = [28.0, 30.4, 26.5, 29.4, 27.0, 31.2, 25.8]Temp1
= pd.Series(temperatures)print(Temp1)
Output

0 28.0
1 30.4
2 26.5
3 29.4
4 27.0
5 31.2
6 25.8
dtype: float64
Question 2

Write Python code to create a Series object Temp2 storing temperatures of seven days of week. Its
indexes should be 'Sunday', 'Monday',... 'Saturday'.
Solution
import pandas as pdtemperatures = [28.9, 30.1, 26.2, 29.3, 27.5, 31.9,
25.5]days_of_week = ['Sunday', 'Monday', 'Tuesday', 'Wednesday', 'Thursday',
'Friday', 'Saturday']Temp2 = pd.Series(temperatures, index =
days_of_week)print(Temp2)
Output

Sunday 28.9
Monday 30.1
Tuesday 26.2
Wednesday 29.3
Thursday 27.5
Friday 31.9
Saturday 25.5
dtype: float64
Question 3

A series object (say T1) stores the average temperature recorded on each day of a month. Write code to
display the temperatures recorded on :
(i) first 7 days
(ii) last 7 days.
Solution

import pandas as pdT1 = pd.Series([25.6, 26.3, 27.9, 28.2, 29.1, 30.9, 31.2, 32.4,
33.2, 34.4, 33.3, 32.5, 31.4, 30.7, 29.6, 28.9, 27.0, 26.2, 25.32, 24.34, 23.4, 22.3,
21.6, 20.9, 19.8, 18.1, 17.2, 16.34, 15.5, 14.6])first_7_days =
T1.head(7)print("Temperatures recorded on the first 7 days:")print(first_7_days)
last_7_days = T1.tail(7)print("\nTemperatures recorded on the last 7
days:")print(last_7_days)
Output

Temperatures recorded on the first 7 days:

0 25.6
1 26.3
2 27.9
3 28.2
4 29.1
5 30.9
6 31.2
dtype: float64

Temperatures recorded on the last 7 days:

23 20.90
24 19.80
25 18.10
26 17.20
27 16.34
28 15.50
29 14.60
dtype: float64
Question 4

Series objects Temp1, Temp2, Temp3, Temp4 store the temperatures of days of week1, week2, week3,
week4 respectively.
Write a script to
(a) print the average temperature per week.
(b) print average temperature of entire month.
Solution

import pandas as pdTemp1 = pd.Series([28.0, 30.2, 26.1, 29.6, 27.7, 31.8, 25.9])
Temp2 = pd.Series([25.5, 24.5, 23.6, 22.7, 21.8, 20.3, 19.2]) Temp3 =
pd.Series([32.4, 33.3, 34.1, 33.2, 32.4, 31.6, 30.9]) Temp4 = pd.Series([27.3, 28.1,
29.8, 30.6, 31.7, 32.8, 33.0])
Week_1 = sum(Temp1)Week_2 = sum(Temp2)Week_3 = sum(Temp3)Week_4 =
sum(Temp4)
print("Week 1 : Average Temperature is", Week_1 / 7, "degree
Celsius")print("Week 2 : Average Temperature is", Week_2 / 7, "degree
Celsius")print("Week 3 : Average Temperature is", Week_3 / 7, "degree
Celsius")print("Week 4 : Average Temperature is", Week_4 / 7, "degree Celsius")
total = Week_1 + Week_2 + Week_3 + Week_4print("\nAverage temperature of
entire month:", total / 28, "degree Celsius")
Output

Week 1 : Average Temperature is 28.47142857142857 degree Celsius

Week 2 : Average Temperature is 22.514285714285712 degree Celsius
Week 3 : Average Temperature is 32.55714285714286 degree Celsius
Week 4 : Average Temperature is 30.47142857142857 degree Celsius

Average temperature of entire month: 28.503571428571426 degree Celsius

Question 5

Ekam, a Data Analyst with a multinational brand has designed the DataFrame df that contains the four
quarters' sales data of different stores as shown below :
Qtr Qtr Qtr Qtr
Store
1 2 3 4
Store
0 300 240 450 230
1
Store
1 350 340 403 210
2
Store
2 250 180 145 160
3
Answer the following questions :
(i) Predict the output of the following Python statement :
(a) print(df.size)
(b) print(df[1:3])
(ii) Delete the last row from the DataFrame.
(iii) Write Python statement to add a new column Total_Sales which is the addition of all the 4 quarter
sales.
Answer
(i)
(a) print(df.size)
Output

15
Explanation

The size attribute of a DataFrame returns the total number of elements in the DataFrame df.
(b) print(df[1:3])
Output

Store Qtr1 Qtr2 Qtr3 Qtr4

1 Store2 350 340 403 210
2 Store3 250 180 145 160
Explanation

This statement uses slicing to extract rows 1 and 2 from the DataFrame df.
(ii)
df = df.drop(2)
Output
 Store Qtr1 Qtr2 Qtr3 Qtr4
0 Store1 300 240 450 230
1 Store2 350 340 403 210
(iii)
df['Total_Sales'] = df['Qtr1'] + df['Qtr2'] + df['Qtr3'] + df['Qtr4']
Output

Store Qtr1 Qtr2 Qtr3 Qtr4 Total_Sales

0 Store1 300 240 450 230 1220
1 Store2 350 340 403 210 1303
2 Store3 250 180 145 160 735
Question 6(i)

Consider the following DataFrame df and answer any four questions from (i)-(v):
rolln UT UT UT UT
name
o 1 2 3 4
1 Prerna Singh 24 24 20 22
2 Manish Arora 18 17 19 22
3 Tanish Goel 20 22 18 24
4 Falguni Jain 22 20 24 20
Kanika
5 15 20 18 22
Bhatnagar
Ramandeep
6 20 15 22 24
Kaur
Write down the command that will give the following output :
roll no 6
name Tanish Goel
UT1 24
UT2 24
UT3 24
UT4 24
dtype : object
(a) print(df.max)
(b) print(df.max())
(c) print(df.max(axis = 1))
(d) print(df.max, axis = 1)
Answer
print(df.max())
Explanation

The df.max() function in pandas is used to find the maximum value in each column of a DataFrame.
Question 6(ii)

Consider the following DataFrame df and answer any four questions from (i)-(v):
rolln UT UT UT UT
name
o 1 2 3 4
1 Prerna Singh 24 24 20 22
2 Manish Arora 18 17 19 22
3 Tanish Goel 20 22 18 24
4 Falguni Jain 22 20 24 20
Kanika
5 15 20 18 22
Bhatnagar
Ramandeep
6 20 15 22 24
Kaur
The teacher needs to know the marks scored by the student with roll number 4. Help her identify the
correct set of statement/s from the given options:
(a) df1 = df[df['rollno'] == 4]
print(df1)
(b) df1 = df[rollno == 4]
print(df1)
(c) df1 = df.[df.rollno = 4]
print(df1)
(d) df1 = df[df.rollno == 4]
print(df1)
Answer
df1 = df[df.rollno == 4] print(df1)
Explanation

The statement df1 = df[df.rollno == 4] filters the DataFrame df to include only the rows where the
roll number is equal to 4. This is accomplished using boolean indexing, where a boolean mask is created
by checking if each row's rollno is equal to 4. Rows that satisfy this condition (True in the boolean mask)
are selected, while others are excluded. The resulting DataFrame df1 contains only the rows
corresponding to roll number 4 from the original DataFrame df.
Question 6(iii)

Consider the following DataFrame df and answer any four questions from (i)-(v):
rolln UT UT UT UT
name
o 1 2 3 4
1 Prerna Singh 24 24 20 22
2 Manish Arora 18 17 19 22
3 Tanish Goel 20 22 18 24
4 Falguni Jain 22 20 24 20
Kanika
5 15 20 18 22
Bhatnagar
Ramandeep
6 20 15 22 24
Kaur
Which of the following statement/s will give the exact number of values in each column of the
dataframe ?
(I) print(df.count())
(II) print(df.count(0))
(III) print(df.count)
(IV) print((df.count(axis = 'index')))
Choose the correct option :
(a) both (I) and (II)
(b) only (II)
(c) (I), (II) and (III)
(d) (I), (II) and (IV)
Answer
(I), (II) and (IV)
Explanation

In pandas, the statement df.count() and df.count(0) calculate the number of non-null values in each
column of the DataFrame df. The statement df.count(axis='index') specifies the axis parameter as
'index', which is equivalent to specifying axis=0. This means it will count non-null values in each column
of the DataFrame df.
Question 6(iv)

Consider the following DataFrame df and answer any four questions from (i)-(v):
rolln UT UT UT UT
name
o 1 2 3 4
1 Prerna Singh 24 24 20 22
 rolln UT UT UT UT
name
o 1 2 3 4
2 Manish Arora 18 17 19 22
3 Tanish Goel 20 22 18 24
4 Falguni Jain 22 20 24 20
Kanika
5 15 20 18 22
Bhatnagar
Ramandeep
6 20 15 22 24
Kaur
Which of the following command will display the column labels of the DataFrame ?
(a) print(df.columns())
(b) print(df.column())
(c) print(df.column)
(d) print(df.columns)
Answer
print(df.columns)
Explanation

The statement df.columns is used to access the column labels (names) of a DataFrame in pandas.
Question 6(v)

Consider the following DataFrame df and answer any four questions from (i)-(v):
rolln UT UT UT UT
name
o 1 2 3 4
1 Prerna Singh 24 24 20 22
2 Manish Arora 18 17 19 22
3 Tanish Goel 20 22 18 24
4 Falguni Jain 22 20 24 20
Kanika
5 15 20 18 22
Bhatnagar
Ramandeep
6 20 15 22 24
Kaur
Ms. Sharma, the class teacher wants to add a new column, the scores of Grade with the values, 'A', 'B',
'A', 'A', 'B', 'A' , to the DataFrame.
Help her choose the command to do so :
(a) df.column = ['A', 'B', 'A', 'A', 'B', 'A']
(b) df['Grade'] = ['A', 'B', 'A', 'A', 'B', 'A']
(c) df.loc['Grade'] = ['A', 'B', 'A', 'A', 'B', 'A']
(d) Both (b) and (c) are correct
Answer
df['Grade'] = ['A', 'B', 'A', 'A', 'B', 'A']
Explanation

The statement df['Grade'] specifies that we are creating a new column named 'Grade' in the DataFrame
df. The square brackets [] are used to access or create a column in a DataFrame.
Question 7

Write a program that stores the sales of 5 fast moving items of a store for each month in 12 Series objects,
i.e., S1 Series object stores sales of these 5 items in 1st month, S2 stores sales of these 5 items in 2nd
month, and so on.
The program should display the summary sales report like this :
Total Yearly Sales, item-wise (should display sum of items' sales over the months)
Maximum sales of item made : <name of item that was sold the maximum in whole year>
Maximum sales for individual items
Maximum sales of item 1 made : <month in which that item sold the maximum>
Maximum sales of item 2 made : <month in which that item sold the maximum>
Maximum sales of item 3 made : <month in which that item sold the maximum>
Maximum sales of item 4 made : <month in which that item sold the maximum>
Maximum sales of item 5 made : <month in which that item sold the maximum>
Solution

import pandas as pdsales_data = {

'Month_1': pd.Series([300, 250, 200, 150, 350], index=['Item_1', 'Item_2',
'Item_3', 'Item_4', 'Item_5']),
'Month_2': pd.Series([380, 210, 220, 180, 320], index=['Item_1', 'Item_2',
'Item_3', 'Item_4', 'Item_5']),
'Month_3': pd.Series([320, 270, 230, 200, 380], index=['Item_1', 'Item_2',
'Item_3', 'Item_4', 'Item_5']),
'Month_4': pd.Series([310, 260, 210, 190, 360], index=['Item_1', 'Item_2',
'Item_3', 'Item_4', 'Item_5']),
'Month_5': pd.Series([290, 240, 220, 170, 340], index=['Item_1', 'Item_2',
'Item_3', 'Item_4', 'Item_5']),
'Month_6': pd.Series([300, 250, 400, 160, 350], index=['Item_1', 'Item_2',
'Item_3', 'Item_4', 'Item_5']),
'Month_7': pd.Series([310, 260, 230, 180, 370], index=['Item_1', 'Item_2',
'Item_3', 'Item_4', 'Item_5']),
'Month_8': pd.Series([320, 270, 240, 190, 380], index=['Item_1', 'Item_2',
'Item_3', 'Item_4', 'Item_5']),
'Month_9': pd.Series([330, 280, 250, 200, 400], index=['Item_1', 'Item_2',
'Item_3', 'Item_4', 'Item_5']),
'Month_10': pd.Series([340, 290, 260, 510, 420], index=['Item_1', 'Item_2',
'Item_3', 'Item_4', 'Item_5']),
'Month_11': pd.Series([350, 300, 270, 220, 440], index=['Item_1', 'Item_2',
'Item_3', 'Item_4', 'Item_5']),
'Month_12': pd.Series([360, 390, 280, 230, 260], index=['Item_1', 'Item_2',
'Item_3', 'Item_4', 'Item_5'])
}
sales_df = pd.DataFrame(sales_data)print("Total Yearly Sales, item-
wise:")total_sales = sales_df.sum()print(total_sales)
t = sales_df.sum(axis=1)max_sales_item = t.idxmax()print("\nMaximum sales of
item made: ", max_sales_item)
print("\nMaximum sales for individual items:")for item_num in range(1, 6):
max_sales_month = None
max_sales_value = 0
for month in sales_df.columns:
if sales_df[month][f'Item_{item_num}'] > max_sales_value:
max_sales_value = sales_df[month][f'Item_{item_num}']
max_sales_month = month
print("Maximum sales of item", item_num, "made: ", max_sales_month)
Output

Total Yearly Sales, item-wise:

Month_1 1250
Month_2 1310
Month_3 1400
Month_4 1330
Month_5 1260
Month_6 1460
Month_7 1350
Month_8 1400
Month_9 1460
Month_10 1820
Month_11 1580
Month_12 1520
dtype: int64

Maximum sales of item made: Item_5

Maximum sales for individual items:

Maximum sales of item 1 made: Month_2
Maximum sales of item 2 made: Month_12
Maximum sales of item 3 made: Month_6
Maximum sales of item 4 made: Month_10
Maximum sales of item 5 made: Month_11
Question 8

Three Series objects store the marks of 10 students in three terms. Roll numbers of students form the
index of these Series objects. The Three Series objects have the same indexes.
Calculate the total weighted marks obtained by students as per following formula :
Final marks = 25% Term 1 + 25% Term 2 + 50% Term 3
Store the Final marks of students in another Series object.
Solution

import pandas as pdterm1 = pd.Series([80, 70, 90, 85, 75, 95, 80, 70, 85, 90],
index=[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10])term2 = pd.Series([85, 90, 75, 80, 95, 85, 90,
75, 80, 85], index=[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10])term3 = pd.Series([90, 85, 95, 90,
80, 85, 95, 90, 85, 90], index=[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10])
final_marks = (term1 * 0.25) + (term2 * 0.25) + (term3 * 0.50)print(final_marks)
Output

1 86.25
2 82.50
3 88.75
4 86.25
5 82.50
6 87.50
7 90.00
8 81.25
9 83.75
10 88.75
dtype: float64
Question 9

Write code to print all the information about a Series object.

Solution

import pandas as pds = pd.Series([1, 2, 3, 4], index=['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'])print(s)s.info()

Output

a 1
b 2
c 3
d 4
dtype: int64
<class 'pandas.core.series.Series'>
Index: 4 entries, a to d
Series name: None
Non-Null Count Dtype
-------------- -----
4 non-null int64
dtypes: int64(1)
memory usage: 64.0+ bytes
Question 10

Write a program to create three different Series objects from the three columns of a DataFrame df.
Solution
import pandas as pddf = pd.DataFrame({'A': [1, 2, 3], 'B': [4, 5, 6], 'C': [7, 8, 9]})s1
= df['A']s2 = df['B']s3 = df['C']print(s1)print(s2)print(s3)
Output

0 1
1 2
2 3
Name: A, dtype: int64
0 4
1 5
2 6
Name: B, dtype: int64
0 7
1 8
2 9
Name: C, dtype: int64
Question 11

Write a program to create three different Series objects from the three rows of a DataFrame df.
Solution

import pandas as pddf = pd.DataFrame({'A': [1, 2, 3], 'B': [4, 5, 6], 'C': [7, 8, 9]})s1
= df.iloc[0]s2 = df.iloc[1]s3 = df.iloc[2]print(s1)print(s2)print(s3)
Output

A 1
B 4
C 7
Name: 0, dtype: int64
A 2
B 5
C 8
Name: 1, dtype: int64
A 3
B 6
C 9
Name: 2, dtype: int64
Question 12

Write a program to create a Series object from an ndarray that stores characters from 'a' to 'g'.
Solution

import pandas as pdimport numpy as npdata = np.array(['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f',
'g'])S = pd.Series(data)print(S)
Output

0 a
1 b
2 c
3 d
4 e
5 f
6 g
dtype: object
Question 13

Write a program to create a Series object that stores the table of number 5.
Solution

import pandas as pdimport numpy as nparr = np.arange(1, 11)s = pd.Series(arr *

5)print(s)
Output

0 5
1 10
2 15
3 20
4 25
5 30
6 35
7 40
8 45
9 50
dtype: int32
Question 14

Write a program to create a Dataframe that stores two columns, which store the Series objects of the
previous two questions (12 and 13).
Solution

import pandas as pdimport numpy as npdata = np.array(['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f',
'g'])S1 = pd.Series(data)arr = np.arange(1, 11)S2 = pd.Series(arr * 5)df =
pd.DataFrame({'Characters': S1, 'Table of 5': S2})
print(df)
Output

Characters Table of 5
0 a 5
1 b 10
2 c 15
3 d 20
4 e 25
5 f 30
6 g 35
7 NaN 40
8 NaN 45
9 NaN 50
Question 15

Write a program to create a Dataframe storing salesmen details (name, zone, sales) of five salesmen.
Solution

import pandas as pdsalesmen = {'Name': ['Jahangir', 'Janavi', 'Manik', 'Lakshmi',

'Tanisha'], 'Zone': ['North', 'South', 'East', 'West', 'Central'], 'Sales': [5000, 7000,
3000, 8000, 6000]}
df = pd.DataFrame(salesmen)print(df)
Output

Name Zone Sales

0 Jahangir North 5000
1 Janavi South 7000
2 Manik East 3000
3 Lakshmi West 8000
4 Tanisha Central 6000
Question 16

Four dictionaries store the details of four employees-of-the-month as (empno, name). Write a program to
create a dataframe from these.
Solution

import pandas as pdemp1 = {'empno': 1001, 'name': 'Ameesha'}emp2 = {'empno':

1002, 'name': 'Akruti'}emp3 = {'empno': 1003, 'name': 'Prithvi'}emp4 = {'empno':
1004, 'name': 'Rajesh'}
employees = [emp1, emp2, emp3, emp4]df = pd.DataFrame(employees)print(df)
Output
 empno name
0 1001 Ameesha
1 1002 Akruti
2 1003 Prithvi
3 1004 Rajesh
Question 17

A list stores three dictionaries each storing details, (old price, new price, change). Write a program to
create a dataframe from it.
Solution

import pandas as pdprices = [{'old_price': 10, 'new_price': 12, 'change': 2},

{'old_price': 20, 'new_price': 18, 'change': -2},
{'old_price': 30, 'new_price': 35, 'change': 5}]df =
pd.DataFrame(prices)print(df)
Output

old_price new_price change

0 10 12 2
1 20 18 -2
2 30 35 5