MODULE 8

AERODINAMIC
1. If the wing tips stall before the root on a swept
wing aircraft , the aircraft will :

a) roll
b) pitch nose up
c) pitch nose down
2. Angle of attack :

a) increases with an increased angle of incidence (angle of

attack)
b) decreases with an increase in angle of incidence (angle of
attack)
c) does not change with a change in angle of incidence
(angle of attack)
3. On a straight wing aircraft, stall commences at the

a) root on a high thickness ratio wing

b) tip on a high thickness ratio wing
c) tip on a low thickness ratio wing
4. On a high wing aircraft in a turn :

a) the up-going wing loses lift causing a de-stabilizing effect

b) the down-going wing gains lift causing a stabilizing effect
c) the down-going wing loses lift causing a de-stabilizing
effect
5. For the same angle of attack, the lift on a delta wing :

a) is greater than the lift on a high aspect ratio wing

b) is lower than the lift on a high aspect ratio wing
c) is the same as the lift on a high aspect ratio wing
6. The ISA ?

a) is taken from the equator

b) is taken from 45 degrees latitude
c) assumes a standard day
7. As altitude increases , pressure :

a) decreases at constant rate

b) increases exponentially
c) decreases exponentially
8. The thrust-drag couple overcomes the lift - weight
couple . What direction of force is required to be
produced by the tail of the aircraft to maintain
straight and level flight :

a) upwards
b) downwards
c) sideways
9. When the pressure is half of that at sea level, what
is the altitude ?

a) 12,000 feet
b) 8,000 feet
c) 18,000 feet
10. During a turn , the stalling angle :

a) increases
b) decreases
c) remains the same
11. If gauge pressure on a standard day at sea level
is 25 PSI , the absolute pressure is :

a) 10.3 PSI
b) 43.8 PSI
c) 39.7 PSI
12. The C of G moves in flight .The most likely cause
of this is :

a) movement of passengers
b) movement of the center of pressure
c) consumption of fuel and oils
13. The C of P is the point where :

a) all the forces on an aircraft act

b) the three axis of rotation meet
c) the lift can be said to act
14. The three axis of an aircraft act through the :

a) C of G
b) C of P
c) stagnation point
15. Pressure decreases :

a) proportionally with a decreases in temperature

b) inversely proportional to temperature
c) Pressure and temperature are not related
16. As air gets colder , the service ceiling of an
aircraft :

a) reduces
b) increases
c) remains the same
17. What is sea level pressure ?

a) 1013.2 mb
b) 1012.3 mb
c) 1032.2 mb
18. When the weight of an aircraft increases , the
minimum drag speed

a) decreases
b) increases
c) remains the same
19. An aircraft will have :

a) less gliding distance if it has more payload

b) more gliding distance if it has more payload
c) the same gliding distance if it has more payload
20. When an aircraft experiences induced drag :

a) air flows under the wing spanwise towards the tip and on
top of the wing span wise towards the root
b) air flows under the wing spanwise towards the root and on
top of the wing span wise towards the tip
c) Neither (a) or (b) since induced drag does not caused by
spanwise flow
21. At stall , the wingtip stagnation point :

a) moves toward the lower surface of the wing

b) moves toward the upper surface of the wing
c) doesn’t move
22. How does IAS at the point of stall vary with
height ?

a) It is practically constant
b) It increases
c) It decreases
23. The rigging angle of incidence of an elevator is :

a) the angle between the mean chord line and the horizontal
in the rigging position
b) the angle between the bottom surface of the elevator and
the horizontal in the rigging position
c) the angle between the bottom surface of the elevator and
the longitudinal datum
24. What is the lapse rate with regard to temperature

a) 1.98oC per 1000 feet

b) 1.98oF per 1000 feet
c) 4oC per 1000 feet
25. What happens to load factor as you decrease
turn radius ?

a) It increases
b) It decreases
c) It remains constant
26. If you steeper the angle of a banked turn without
increasing airspeed or angle of attack , what will the
aircraft do ?

a) It will remain at the same height

b) It will sideslip with attendant loss of height
c) It will stall
27. An aircraft wing tends to stall first at :

a) the tip due to a higher ratio thickness / chord

b) the tip due to a lower ratio thickness / chord
c) the root due to a higher ratio thickness / chord
28. Dihedral wings combat instability in :

a) pitch
b) yaw
c) sideslip
29. To stop aircraft decreasing in height during a
sideslip , the pilot can :

a) advance the throttle

b) pull back on the control column
c) adjust the rudder position
30. What control surface movements will make an
aircraft fitted with Ruddervators yaw to the left ?

a) Left ruddervator lowered , right ruddervator raised

b) Right ruddervator lowered , left ruddervator raised
c) Both ruddervators raised
31. When a leading edge slat opens , there is a gap
between the slat and the wing this is :

a) to allow it to retract back into the wing

b) to allow air through to re-energize the boundary layer on
top of the wing
c) to keep the area of the wing the same
32. Which of the following is true ?

a) Lift acts at right angles to the wing chord line and weight
acts vertically down
b) Lift acts at right angles to the relative airflow and weight
acts vertically down
c) Lift acts at right angles to the relative air flow and weight
acts at right angles to the aircraft centre line
33. If the wing tips stall before the root on a swept
wing aircraft , the aircraft will :

a) roll
b) pitch nose up
c) pitch nose down
34. Lift on a delta wing aircraft :

a) increases with an increased angle of incidence ( angle of

attack)
b) decreases with an increase in angle of incidence ( angle of
attack)
c) does not change with a change in angle of incidence (angle
of attack)
35. The thrust-drag couple overcomes the lift-weight
couple . What direction of force is required to be
produced by the tail of the aircraft to maintain
straight and level flight ?

a) Upwards
b) Downwards
c) Sideways
36. When the pressure is half of that at sea level ,
what is the altitude ?

a) 12,000 feet
b) 8,000 feet
c) 18,000 feet
37. During a turn , the stalling angle :

a) increases
b) decreases
c) remains the same
38. The vertical fin of a single engine aircraft is :

a) parallel with both the longitudinal axis and vertical axis

b) parallel with the longitudinal axis but not the vertical axis
c) parallel with the vertical axis but not the longitudinal axis
39. Aircraft flying in the transonic range most often
utilize :

a) sweptback wings
b) advanced supercritical airfoils
c) high wings
40. Which type of flap changes the area of the wing?

a) Fowler
b) Split
c) Slotted lit
41. Forward swept wings tend to stall at the root first
so the aircraft retains lateral control, so why are they
never used on passenger aircraft ?

a) Because the wing tips wash in at high wing loads

b) Because the wing tips wash out at high wing loads
c) Because at high loads their angle of incidence increases
and the loads imposed on the wing can increase until they
destroy it
42. What happens to air flowing at the speed of
sound when it enters a converging duct ?

a) Velocity decreases , pressure and density increase

b) Velocity increases , pressure and density decreases
c) Velocity , pressure and density increase
43. As the angle of attack of an airfoil increases the
center of pressure :

a) moves forward
b) moves aft
c) remains stationary
44. An aircraft , which is longitudinally stable , will
tend to return to level flight after a movement about
which axis ?

a) Pitch
b) Roll
c) Yaw
45. Vapour trails from the wingtips of an aircraft in
flight are caused by :

a) low pressure above the wing and high pressure below the
wing causing vortices
b) high pressure above the wing and low pressure below the
wing causing vortices
c) low pressure above the wing and high pressure below the
wing causing a temperature rise
46. Vortex generators on the wing are most effective
at :

a) high speed
b) low speed
c) high angles of attack
47. The chord line of a wing is a line that runs from :

a) the center of the leading edge of the wing to the trailing

edge
b) half way between the upper and lower surface of the wing
c) one wing tip to the other wing tip
48. The angle of incidence of a wing is an angle
formed by lines :

a) parallel to the chord line and longitudinal axis

b) parallel to the chord line and the lateral axis
c) parallel to the chord line and the vertical axis
49. The center of pressure of an aerofoil is located :

a) 30 - 40% of the chord line back from the leading edge

b) 30 - 40% of the chord line forward of the leading edge
c) 50% of the chord line back from the leading edge
50. Compressibility effect is :

a) drag associated with the form of an aircraft

b) drag associated with the friction of the air over the surface
of the aircraft
c) the increase in total drag of an airfoil in transonic flight
due to the formation of shock waves
51. Lateral control of an aircraft at high angle of
attack can be maximized by using :

a) fences
b) vortex generators
c) wing slots
52. Stall strips are always :

a) made of metal
b) on the leading edge of a wing
c) fitted forward of the ailerons
53. Stall strips :

a) cause the wing root to stall

b) cause the wing tip to stall
c) cause the wings to stall symmetrically
54. Due to the interference of the airflow on a high
wing aircraft between the fuselage and the wings ,
the lateral stability of the aircraft in a gusty wind
situation will cause

a) the upper wing to increase its lift

b) the upper wing to decrease its lift
c) the lower wing to decrease its lift
55. Slats

a) reduce the stall speed

b) reduce the tendency of the aircraft to Yaw
c) decrease the aerofoil drag at high speeds
56. What is the temperature lapse rate for aircraft
flying below 36,000 feet altitude ?

a) 1°C per 1000 feet

b) 3°C per 1000 feet
c) 2°C per 1000 feet
57. For a pressure of 25lbs / in² at sea level , what is
the absolute pressure ?

a) 39.7 lbs/in²
b) 49.7 lbs/in²
c) 10.3 lbs/in
58. An aircraft banks into a turn . No change is made
to the airspeed or angle of attack. What will happen?

a) The aircraft enters a side slip and begins to lose altitude

b) The aircraft turns with no loss of height
c) The aircraft yaws and slows down
59. The relationship between induced drag and
airspeed is :

a) directly proportional to the square of the speed

b) inversely proportional to the square of the speed
c) directly proportional to speed
60. What is the definition of Angle of Incidence ?

a) The angle the underside of the mainplane or tailplane

makes with the horizontal
b) The angle the underside of the mainplane or tailplane
makes with the longitudinal datum line
c) The angle the chord of the mainplane or tailplane makes
with the horizontal
61. What is Boundary Layer ?

a) Separated layer of air forming a boundary at the leading

edge
b) Turbulent air moving from the leading edge to trailing edge

c) Sluggish low energy air that sticks to the wing surface and
gradually gets faster until it joins the free stream flow of air
62. The normal axis of an aircraft passes through :

a) the center of gravity

b) a point at the center of the wings
c) at the center of pressure
63. On a high winged aircraft , what effect will the
fuselage have on the up - going wing ?

a) The up-going wing will have a decrease in angle of attack

and therefore a decrease in lift
b) The down-going will have a decrease in angle of attack and
therefore a decrease in lift
c) The up-going wing will have an increase in angle of attack
and therefore a decrease in lift
64. What is the collective term for the fin and rudder
and other surfaces aft of the center of gravity that
helps directional stability ?

a) Effective keel surface

b) Empennage
c) Fuselage surfaces
65. Temperature above 36,000 feet will :

a) decrease exponentially
b) remain constant
c) increase exponentially
66. A decrease in incidence toward the wing tip may
be provided to :

a) prevent adverse yaw in a turn

b) prevent span wise flow in maneuvers
c) retain lateral control effectiveness at high angles of attack
67. The angle of attack which gives the best L/D ratio

a) decreases with a decrease in density

b) in unaffected by density changes
c) increases with a decrease in density
68. For a given aerofoil production lift , where
P = pressure and V = velocity :

a) P1 is greater than P2 , and V1 is greater than V2

b) P1 is less than P2 and V1 is greater than V2
c) P1 is greater than P2 , and V1 is less than V2
69. Low wing loading :

a) increases stalling speed , landing speed and landing run

b) increases lift , stalling speed and maneuverability
c) decreases stalling speed , landing speed and landing run
70. Due to the change in downwash on an untapered
wing (i.e. one of constant chord length) it will

a) not provide any damping effect when rolling

b) tend to stall first at the root
c) not suffer adverse yaw effects when turning
71. True stalling speed of an aircraft increases with
altitude :

a) because reduced temperature causes compressibility

effect
b) because air density is reduced
c) because humidity is increased and this increases drag
72. As a general rule , if the aerodynamic angle of
incidence ( angle of attack ) of an aerofoil is slightly
increased , the center of pressure will

a) never move
b) move forward towards the leading edge
c) move towards the tip
73. The "wing setting angle" is commonly known as:

a) angle of incidence
b) angle of attack
c) angle of dihedral
74. On a very humid day , an aircraft taking off would
require :

a) a shorter take off run

b) a longer take off run
c) humidity does not affect the take off run
75. An aircraft is flying at 350 MPH , into a head wind
of 75 MPH , what will its ground speed be ?

a) 175 mph
b) 275 mph
c) 200 mph
76. When does the angle of incidence change ?

a) When the aircraft attitude changes

b) When the aircraft is ascending or descending
c) It never changes
77.As the angle of attack decreases , what happens
to the center of pressure ?

a) It moves forward
b) It moves rearwards
c) Centre of pressure is not affected by angle of attack
decrease
78. A decrease in pressure over the upper surface of
a wing or aerofoil is responsible for :

a) approximately 2/3 (two thirds) of the lift obtained

b) approximately 1/3 (one third) of the lift obtained
c) approximately 1/2 (one half) of the lift obtained
79. Which of the four forces act on an aircraft ?

a) Lift , gravity , thrust and drag

b) Weight , gravity , thrust and drag
c) Lift , weight , gravity and drag
80. Which of the following types of drag increases as
the aircraft gains altitude ?

a) Parasite drag
b) Induced drag
c) Interference drag
81. Correcting for a disturbance which has caused a
rolling motion about the longitudinal axis would re-
establish which of the following ?

a) Lateral stability
b) Directional stability
c) Longitudinal stability
82. The layer of air over the surface of an aerofoil
which is slower moving , in relation to the rest of the
airflow , is known as :

a) camber layer
b) boundary layer
c) none of the above
83. What is a controlling factor of turbulence and
skin friction ?

a) Aspect ratio
b) Fineness ratio
c) Counter sunk rivets used on skin exterior
84. Changes in aircraft weight :

a) will not affect total drag since it is dependent only upon

speed
b) cause corresponding changes in total drag due to the
associated lift change
c) will only affect total drag if the lift is kept constant
85.The aircraft stalling speed will :

a) increase with an increase in weight

b) be unaffected by aircraft weight changes since it is
dependent upon the angle of attack
c) only change if the MTMA were changed
86. In a bank and turn :

a) extra lift is not required

b) extra lift is not required if thrust is increased
c) extra lift is required
87. To maintain straight and level flight on the
aeroplane shown , with a decrease in tail - plane
download the mainplane lift would have to :

a) remain constant
b) decrease
c) increase
88. To achieve the maximum distance in a glide , the
recommended air speed is :

a) as close to the stall as practical

b) as high as possible with VNE
c) the speed where the L/D ratio is maximum
89. If the C of G is aft of the Centre of Pressure :

a) changes in lift produce a pitching moment which acts to

increase the change in lift
b) when the aircraft sideslips , the C of G causes the nose to
turn into the sideslip thus applying a restoring moment
c) when the aircraft yaws the aerodynamic forces acting
forward of the Centre of Pressure
90. Purposing is an oscillatory motion in the :

a) pitch plane
b) roll plane
c) yaw plane
91. Directional stability is maintained :

a) by the main planes , and controlled by the ailerons

b) by the tailplane , and controlled by the elevators
c) by the keel surface and fin , and controlled by the rudder
92. Due to the interference effects of the fuselage ,
when a high wing aeroplane sideslips

a) the accompanying rolling due to keel surface area is

destabilizing
b) the accompanying lift changes on the wings produces a
stabilizing effect
c) the accompanying rolling due to the fin is destabilizing
93. The power required in a horizontal turn :

a) is greater than that for level flight at the same airspeed

b) must be the same as that for level flight at the same
airspeed
c) is less than that for level flight at the same airspeed
94. A wing mounted stall sensing device is located :

a) usually on the under surface

b) always at the wing tip
c) always on the top surface
95. For an aircraft in a glide :

a) Thrust , drag , lift and weight act on the aircraft

b) Weight , lift and drag act on the aircraft
c) weight and drag only act on the aircraft
96. The upper part of the wing in comparison to the
lower :

a) develops more lift

b) develops the same lift
c) develops less lift
97. What effect would a forward CG have on an
aircraft on landing ?

a) Increase stalling speed

b) No effect on landing
c) Reduce stalling speed
98. QNH refers to :

a) Quite near horizon

b) setting the altimeter to zero
c) setting the mean sea level atmospheric pressure so an
altimeter reads the aerodrome altitude above mean sea level
99. QNE refers to :

a) Setting an altimeter to read aerodrome altitude above sea

level
b) Quite new equipment
c) setting the mean sea level atmospheric pressure in
accordance with ICAO standard atmosphere i.e. 1013 millibar
100. An aspect ratio of 8 would mean :

a) span 64 , mean chord 8

b) mean chord 64 , span 8
c) span squared 64 , chord 8
101. If an aircraft in level flight loses engine power it
will :

a) pitch nose up
b) pitch nose down
c) not change pitch without drag increasing
102. QFE is :

a) sea level pressure

b) airfield pressure
c) difference between sea level and airfield pressure
103. The lift / drag ratio at stall :

a) increases
b) decreases
c) is unchanged
104. On a straight unswept wing , stall occurs at :

a) the thick portion at the wing root

b) the thick portion at the wing tip
c) the thin portion at the wing tip
105. During a climb from a dive :

a) the thrust required is greater than required for level flight

b) the thrust required is lower than for level flight
c) the thrust required is the same as for level flight
106. When power is off , the aircraft will pitch :

a) nose down
b) nose up
c) trim level
107. Angle of attack on a down going wing in a roll :

a) increases
b) decreases
c) unaffected
108. For any given speed , a decrease in aircraft
weight , the induced drag will :

a) increase
b) decrease
c) remain the same
109. The amount of lift generated by a wing is :

a) greatest at the root

b) greatest at the tip
c) constant along the span
110. Induced Drag is :

a) greatest towards the wing root and downwash is greatest

at the tip
b) greatest towards the wing tip and downwash is greatest
towards the root
c) greatest towards the tip and downwash decreases from tip
to root
111. Induced Drag is :

a) equal to profile drag at stalling angle

b) equal to profile drag at Vmd
c) never equal to profile drag
112. With an increase in aircraft weight :

a) Vmd will be at the same speed

b) Vmd will be at a lower speed
c) Vmd will be at a higher speed
113. For a given IAS an increase in altitude will result
in :

a) no change in the value of induced drag

b) an increase in induced drag
c) an increase in profile drag
114. As the angle of attack of a wing is increased in
level flight :

a) the C of G moves aft and the C of P forward

b) the C of P and transition point move forward
c) the C of P moves forward and the stagnation point aft over
the upper surface
115. Stall inducers may be fitted to a wing :

a) at the tip to cause the root to stall first

b) at the root to cause the tip to stall first
c) at the root to cause the root to stall first
116. With increasing altitude pressure decreases and
:

a) temperature decreases at the same rate as pressure

reduces
b) temperature decreases but at a lower rate than pressure
reduces
c) temperature remains constant to 8000 ft
117. The Centre of Pressure is :

a) the point on the chord line at which the resultant lift force
may be said to act
b) the point of maximum pressure on the under surface of
the wing
c) the center of gravity of the wing
118. If the angle of attack is increased the Centre of
Pressure will :

a) move forward
b) move rearward
c) remain stationary
119. The optimum angle of attack of an aerofoil is the
angle at which :

a) the aerofoil produces maximum lift

b) the aerofoil produces zero lift
c) the highest lift/drag ratio is produced
120. A high aspect ratio wing has a :

a) increased induced drag

b) decreased induced drag
c) decreased skin friction drag
121. Minimum total drag of an aircraft occurs :

a) at the stalling speed

b) when profile drag equals induced drag
c) when induced drag is least
122. If the weight of an aircraft is increased , the
induced drag at a given speed :

a) will increase
b) will decrease
c) will remain the same
123. The transition point on a wing is the point
where :

a) the flow separates from the wing surface

b) the boundary layer flow changes from laminar to turbulent
c) the flow divides to pass above and below the wing
124. The boundary layer of a body in a moving
airstream is :

a) a thin layer of air over the surface where the air is

stationary
b) a layer of separated flow where the air is turbulent
c) a layer of air over the surface where the airspeed is
changing from free stream speed to zero speed
125. A laminar boundary layer will produce :

a) more skin friction drag than a turbulent one

b) less skin friction drag than a turbulent one
c) the same skin friction drag as a turbulent one
126. Longitudinal stability is given by :

a) the fin
b) the wing dihedral
c) the horizontal tail plane
127. Lateral stability is given by :

a) the ailerons
b) the wing dihedral
c) the horizontal tail plane
128. Stability about the lateral axis is given by :

a) wing dihedral
b) the horizontal tailplane
c) the ailerons
129. Sweepback of the wings will :

a) increase lateral stability

b) decrease lateral stability
c) not affect the lateral stability
130. Dutch Roll is :

a) a combined rolling and yawing motion

b) a type of slow roll
c) primarily a pitching instability
131. A high wing position gives :

a) more lateral stability than a low wing

b) less lateral stability than a low wing
c) the same lateral stability as a low wing
132. On an aircraft in an unpowered steady speed
descent :

a) the lift equals the weight

b) the weight equals the drag
c) the weight equals the resultant of the lift and drag
133. When an aircraft rolls to enter a turn and power
is not increased :

a) the lift equals the weight

b) the lift is greater than the weight
c) the lift is less than the weight
134. The boundary layer is :

a) thickest at the leading edge

b) thickest at the trailing edge
c) constant thickness from leading to trailing edges
135. The amount of thrust produced by a jet engine
or a propeller can be calculated using :

a) Newton’s 1st law

b) Newton’s 2nd law
c) Newton’s 3rd law
136. When an aircraft with a C of G forward of the C
of P rolls , the nose of the aircraft will :

a) stay level
b) raise
c) drop
137. Directional stability may be increased with :

a) pitch dampers
b) horn balance
c) yaw dampers
138. Lateral stability may be increased with :

a) increased lateral dihedral

b) increased lateral anhedral
c) increased longitudinal dihedral
139. Longitudinal stability is increased if the :

a) CP moves forward of the CG

b) Thrust acts on a line below the total drag
c) CG is forward of the CP
140. Wing loading is calculated by weight :

a) divided by gross wing area

b) divided by lift
c) multiplied by gross wing area
141. Induced drag is :

a) inversely proportional to the square of speed

b) proportional to speed
c) nothing to do with speed
142. In a bank , the weight is :

a) increased
b) decreased
c) the same
143. L/D ratio is :

a) higher at supersonic cruise speed

b) higher at sub sonic speed
c) the same
144. If the stall speed is 75 knots what is the same
stall speed in mph :

a) 75 x 0.87
b) 75 / 0.87
c) 75 / 0.87 x relative density
145. As the angle of attack increases the stagnation
point :

a) moves towards the upper surface

b) moves towards the lower surface
c) does not move
146. The term pitch-up is due to :

a) compressibility effect
b) ground effect
c) longitudinal instability
147. In a steady climb at a steady IAS , the TAS is

a) more than IAS

b) less than IAS
c) the same
148. An untapered wing will :

a) have no yaw effect in banking

b) have no change in induced drag in the bank
c) stall at the root first
149. With the ailerons away from the neutral ,
induced drag is :

a) unchanged but profile drag is higher

b) higher on the lower wing plus profile drag increases
c) higher on the upper wing plus profile drag increases
150. The lift drag ratio is :

a) higher at match numbers above supersonic

b) higher at sub sonic match numbers
c) the same
151. The force opposing thrust is :

a) drag
b) lift
c) Weight
152. Directional stability is about the :

a) normal axis
b) longitudinal axis
c) lateral axis
153. Lateral stability is about the :

a) longitudinal axis
b) normal axis
c) vertical axis
154. All the lift can be said to act through the :

a) center of pressure
b) center of gravity
c) normal axis
155. Longitudinal stability is provided by the :

a) horizontal stabilizer
b) vertical stabilizer
c) main plane
156. The concept of thrust is explained by :

a) Newton’s 1st law

b) Newton’s 3rd law
c) Bernoulli’s theorem
157. The camber of an aerofoil section is :

a) the curvature of the median line of the aerofoil

b) the angle of incidence towards the tip of a wing
c) the angle which the aerofoil makes with the relative airflow
158. If the aircraft turns and side - slips :

a) the sweepback of the wing will correct the sideslip

b) the dihedral of the wing will correct the sideslip
c) the keel surface will correct the sideslip
159. Movement of an aircraft about its lateral axis :

a) is pitching
b) is rolling
c) is yawing
160. Induced drag :

a) is caused by skin friction

b) results from disturbed airflow in the region of mainplane
attachments
c) is associated with the lift generated by an aerofoil
161. The center of pressure is :

a) the point on the chord line through which the total

resultant lift force on the aerofoil may be said to act
b) the point of maximum pressure on the undersurface of a
mainplane
c) the point at which the four forces acting on an aircraft are
said to act
162. At what altitude is tropopause :

a) 63,000 feet.
b) 36,000 feet.
c) 57,000 feet.
163. What approximate percentage of oxygen is in
the atmosphere :

a) 12%
b) 21%
c) 78%
164. Which has the greater density :

a) air at low altitude

b) air at high altitude
c) it remains constant
165. As air flows over the upper cambered surface of
an aerofoil, what happens to velocity and pressure?

a) Velocity decreases , pressure decreases

b) Velocity increases , pressure increases
c) Velocity increases , pressure decreases
166. what is the force that tends to pull an aircraft
down towards the earth ?

a) Drag
b) Thrust
c) Weight
167. Which of the following act in opposition to
forward movement ?

a) Lift
b) Gravity
c) Drag
168. The angle at which the chord line of the aerofoil
is presented to the airflow is known as :

a) angle of attack
b) angle of incidence
c) resultant
169. The imaginary straight line which passes
through an aerofoil section from leading edge to
trailing edge is called :

a) center of pressure
b) the direction of relative airflow
c) the chord line
170. What is the angle between the chord line of the
wing, and the longitudinal axis of the aircraft, known
as :

a) angle of attack
b) angle of incidence
c) angle of dihedral
171. An aircraft disturbed from its normal flight path,
and automatically returns to that normal flight path ,
without any action on the part of the pilot is known
as :

a) aircraft stability
b) aircraft instability
c) aircraft stall
172. Directional control is provided by :

a) horizontal stabilizer
b) rudder
c) elevator
173. About which axis of the aircraft does a
rolling motion take place?

a) Normal axis
b) Longitudinal axis
c) Lateral axis
174. Which motion happens about the lateral axis ?

a) Pitching
b) Yawing
c) Rolling
175. Wing tip vortices create a type of drag known as
:

a) form drag
b) induced drag
c) profile drag
176. Which of the following describes the
“Empennage” ?

a) Nose section of an aircraft , including the cockpit

b) Tail section of the aircraft , including fin , rudder , tail plane
and elevators
c) The wings , including the ailerons
177. At what altitude does stratosphere commence
approximately ?

a) Sea level
b) 63,000 feet
c) 36,000 feet
178. When an aircraft is in straight and level
unaccelerated flight , which of the following is
correct ?

a) Lift and weight are equal , and thrust and drag are equal
b) Lift greater than weight , and thrust greater than drag
c) Lift greater than weight , and thrust is less than drag
179. As the angle of attack is increased (up to the
stall point) , which of the following is correct ?

a) Pressure difference between top and bottom of the wing

increases
b) Lift increases
c) Both (a) and (b) are correct
180. The fin gives stability about which axis ?

a) Lateral axis
b) Normal axis
c) Longitudinal axis
181. What is the horizontal movement of the nose of
the aircraft called ?

a) Rolling movement
b) Pitching movement
c) Yawing movement
182. What type of drag, depends on the smoothness
of the body , and surface area over which the air
flows ?

a) Parasite drag
b) Form drag
c) Skin friction drag
183. If the nose of the aircraft is rotated about its
lateral axis , what is its directional movement ?

a) Turning to the left or right

b) Rolling or banking to the left or right
c) Climbing or diving
184. When air flow velocity over an upper cambered
surface of an aerofoil decreases , what takes place ?

a) Pressure increases , lift decreases

b) Pressure increases , lift increases
c) Pressure decreases , lift increases
185. When an aircraft stalls :

a) lift and drag increase

b) lift increases and drag decreases
c) lift decreases and drag increases
186. Wing loading is :

a) the maximum all up weight multiplied by the total wing

area
b) the maximum all up weight divided by the total wing area
c) the ratio of the all up weight of the aircraft to its basic
weight
187. An aircraft wing with an aspect ration of 6:1 is
proportional so that :

a) the mean chord is six times the thickness

b) the wing span is six times the mean chord
c) the wing area is six times the span
188. Upward and outward inclination of a mainplane
is termed :

a) sweep
b) dihedral
c) stagger
189. The function of an aircraft fin :

a) is to provide stability about the normal axis

b) is to provide directional control
c) is to provide straight airflow across the rudder
190. Movement of an aircraft about its normal axis :

a) is pitching
b) is rolling
c) is yawing
191. A pressure of one atmosphere is equal to :

a) 14.7 psi
b) 100 millibar
c) 1 inch Hg.
192. The millibar is a unit of :

a) atmospheric temperature
b) pressure altitude
c) barometric pressure
193. with an increase in altitude under I.S.A.
conditions the temperature in the atroposphere :

a) increases
b) decreases
c) remains constant
194. Which of the following forces act on an aircraft
in level flight ?

a) Lift , thrust , and weight

b) Lift , thrust , weight , and drag
c) Lift , drag , thrust
195. When an aircraft is banked , the horizontal
component of the lift :

a) will tend to make the aircraft follow a circular path

b) will oppose the tendency of the aircraft to follow a circular
path
c) will oppose the weight thus requiring more total lift in the
turn
196. If , after a disturbance , an aeroplane initially
returns to its equilibrium state :

a) it has neutral stability

b) it has static stability and may be dynamically stable
c) it is neutrally unstable
197. Stability of an aircraft is :

a) the tendency of the aircraft to return to its original trimmed

position after having been displaced
b) the ability of the aircraft to rotate about an axis
c) the tendency of the aircraft to stall at low airspeeds
198. With reference to altimeters QFE is :

a) setting aerodrome atmospheric pressure so that an

altimeter reads zero on landing and take off
b) quite fine equipment
c) the manufacturers registered name
199. Under the ICAO “Q” code there are which three
settings ?

a) QFE , QNH , QNE

b) QEF , QNH , QEN
c) QE , QN , QQE
200. Wing loading is :

a) GROSS WEIGHT divided by GROSS WING AREA

b) WING AREA x WING CHORD
c) the ultimate tensile strength of the wing
201. The three axes concerned with stability of an
aircraft have :

a) normal axis through C of G. Lateral axis - wing tip to wing

tip.Longitudinal axis - nose to tail but not through C of G
b) Longitudinal , lateral and normal axis all passing through
aircraft center of gravity
c) longitudinal axis nose to tail, lateral axis at furthest span
point , normal axis through center of pressure
202. A barometer indicates :

a) pressure
b) density
c) temperature
203. If an aircraft returns to a position of equilibrium
it is said to be :

a) negatively stable
b) neutrally stable
c) positively stable
204. The pendulum effect on a high wing aircraft :

a) increases lateral stability

b) decreases lateral stability
c) has no effect on lateral stability
205. The amount of water vapour in the air (humidity
holding capacity of the air) is :

a) greater on a colder day , and lower on a hotter day

b) greater on a hotter day and lower on a colder day
c) doesn't have a significant difference
206. Weight is equal to :

a) volume x gravity
b) mass x acceleration
c) mass x gravity
207. Induced Drag :

a) increases with an increase in speed

b) reduces with an increase in angle of attack
c) increases with increase in aircraft weight
208. Airflow over the upper surface of the wing
generally :

a) flows towards the root

b) flows towards the tip
c) flows straight from leading edge to trailing edge
209. With an increase in aspect ratio for a given ISA ,
induced drag will :

a) remain constant
b) increase
c) reduce
210. With increasing altitude the angle at which a
wing will stall :

a) remains the same

b) reduces
c) increases
211. If the density of the air is increased, the lift will :

a) increase
b) decrease
c) remain the same
212. All the factors that affect the lift produced by an
airfoil are :

a) angle of attack, air density , velocity , wing area

b) angle of attack , air temperature , velocity , wing area
c) angle of attack , velocity , wing area , airfoil shape , air
density
213. A wing section suitable for high speed would be

a) thick with high camber

b) thin with high camber
c) thin with little or no camber
214. The induced drag of an aircraft :

a) increases with increasing speed

b) increases if aspect ratio is increased
c) decreases with increasing speed
215. As the speed of an aircraft increases the profile
drag :

a) increases
b) decreases
c) decreases at first then increase
216. The stagnation point on an airfoil is the point
where :

a) the suction pressure reaches a maximum

b) the boundary layer changes from laminar to turbulent

c) the airflow is brought completely to rest

217. After a disturbance in pitch , an aircraft
continues to oscillate at constant amplitude . It is :

a) longitudinally unstable
b) longitudinally neutrally stable
c) laterally unstable
218. On an aircraft with an all-moving tailplane nose
up pitch is caused by :

a) increasing tailplane incidence

b) decreasing tailplane incidence
c) up movement of the trim tab
219. The stalling of an aerofoil is affected by the :

a) airspeed
b) angle of attack
c) transition speed
220. What gives the aircraft directional stability ?

a) Vertical stabilizer
b) Horizontal stabilizer
c) Elevators
221. Forward motion of a glider is provided by :

a) the engine
b) the weight
c) the drag
222. Profile drag consists of what drag types ?

a) Form , skin friction and interference

b) Form , induced and skin friction
c) Form , induced and interference
223. An aircraft in straight and level flight is subject
to :

a) zero load factor

b) a load factor of 1
c) a load factor of ½
224. Aspect ratio is given by the formula :

a) Mean Chord Span

b) Span to Area
c) Span to Mean Chord
225. On a high wing aircraft in a turn :

a) the up going wing loses lift which has a de-stabilizing

effect
b) the down going wing gains lift causing a stabilizing effect
c) the down going wing loses lift causing a de-stabilizing
effect
226. Which condition is the actual amount of water
vaipour in a mixture of air and water ?

a) Relative humidity
b) Dew point
c) Absolute humidity
227. An aspect ratio of 8 means :

a) the span is 8 times the mean chord

b) the mean chord is 8 times the span
c) the area is 8 times the span
228. Which will weigh the least ?

a) 98 parts of dry air and 2 parts of water vapour

b) 35 parts of dry air and 65 parts of water vapour
c) 50 parts of dry air and 50 parts of water vapour
229. A high aspect ratio wing :

a) is stiffer than a low aspect ratio wing

b) has less induced drag than a low aspect ratio wing
c) has a higher stall angle than a low aspect ratio wing
230. The thrust-drag couple overcomes the lift-
weight couple. What force must the tail of the
aircraft exert to maintain the aircraft in a level
Attitude ?

a) Down
b) Up
c) Sideways
231. Induced downwash :

a) reduces the effective angle of attack of the wing

b) increases the effective angle of attack of the wing
c) has no effect on the angle of attack of the wing
232. During a turn, the stalling angle :

a) increases
b) decreases
c) remains the same
233. Which is the ratio of the water vapour actually
present in the atmosphere to the amount that would
be present if the air were saturated at the prevailing
temperature and pressure ?

a) Absolute humidity
b) Relative humidity.
c) Dew point
234. A straight rectangular wing , without any twist ,
will :

a) have greater angle of attack at the tip

b) have the same angle of attack at all points along the span
c) have less angle of attack at the tip
235. If gauge pressure on a standard day is 25 PSI ,
the absolute pressure is :

a) 10.3 PSI
b) 43.8 PSI
c) 39.7 PSI
236. The C of G moves in flight. The most likely
cause of this is :

a) movement of passengers
b) movement of cargo
c) consumption of fuel and oils
237. The speed of sound in the atmosphere :

a) varies according to the frequency of the sound

b) changes with a change in temperature
c) changes with a change in pressure
238. A straight rectangular wing , without any twist ,
will :

a) stall first at the tip

b) stall first at the root
c) stall equally along the span of the wing
239. What is sea level pressure ?

a) 1013.2 mb
b) 1012.3 mb
c) 1032.2 mb
240. Which atmospheric conditions will cause the
true landing speed of an aircraft to be the greatest ?

a) Low temperature with low humidity

b) High temperature with low humidity
c) High temperature with high humidity
241. Which condition is the actual amount of water
vapour in a mixture of air and water ?

a) Relative humidity
b) Dew point
c) Absolute humidity
242. When the weight of an aircraft increases , the
minimum drag speed :

a) decreases
b) increases
c) remains the same
243. Which statement concerning heat and / or
temperature is true ?

a) There is an inverse relationship between temperature and

heat .
b) Temperature is a measure of the kinetic energy of the
molecules of any substance
c) Temperature is a measure of the potential energy of the
molecules of any substance
244. Which is the ratio of the water vapour actually
present in the atmosphere to the amount that would
be present if the air were saturated at the prevailing
temperature and pressure ?

a) Absolute humidity
b) Relative humidity
c) Dew point
245. When an aircraft experiences induced drag :

a) air flows under the wing spanwise towards the tip and on
top of the wing span wise towards the root

b) air flows under the wing spanwise towards the root and
on top of the wing span wise towards the tip

c) Neither (a) or (b) since induced drag does not cause

spanwise flow
246. What is absolute humidity ?

a) The temperature to which humid air must be cooled at

constant pressure to become saturated.
b) The actual amount of the water vapour in a mixture of air
and water
c) The ratio of the water vapour actually present in the
atmosphere to the amount that would be present if the air
were saturated at the prevailing temperature and pressure
247. The speed of sound in the atmosphere :

a) varies according to the frequency of the sound

b) changes with a change in temperature
c) changes with a change in pressure
248. A straight rectangular wing without any twist ,
will :

a) stall first at the tip

b) stall first at the root
c) stall equally along the span of the wing
249. Which atmospheric conditions will cause the
true landing speed of an aircraft to be the greatest ?

a) Low temperature with low humidity

b) High temperature with low humidity
c) High temperature with high humidity
250. If all , or a significant part of a stall strip is
missing on an airplane wing , a likely result will be

a) increased lift in the area of installation on the opposite

wing at high angles of attack
b) asymmetrical aileron control at low angles of attack
c) asymmetrical aileron control at or near stall angles of
attack
251. When a leading edge slat opens , there is a gap
between the slat and the wing . This is :

a) to allow it to retract back into the wing

b) to allow air through to re-energize the boundary layer on
top of the wing
c) to keep the area of the wing the same
252. An aeroplane wing is designed to produce lift
resulting from relatively :

a) positive air pressure below and above the wing's surface .

b) negative air pressure below the wing's surface and
positive air pressure above the wing's surface.
c) positive air pressure below the wing's surface and
negative air pressure above the wing's surface
253. Aspect ratio of a wing is defined as the ratio of
the :

a) wingspan to the wing root

b) square of the chord to the wingspan
c) wingspan to the mean chord
254. Which of the following is true ?

a) Lift acts at right angles to the wing chord line and weight
acts vertically down
b) Lift acts at right angles to the relative airflow and weight
acts vertically down
c) Lift acts at right angles to the relative air flow and weight
acts at right angles to the aircraft center line
255. The temperature to which humid air must be
cooled at constant pressure to become saturated is
called :

a) dew point
b) absolute humidity
c) relative humidity
256. The airflow over the upper surface of a
cambered wing

a) increases in velocity and pressure

b) increases in velocity and reduces in pressure
c) reduces in velocity and increases in pressure
257. Which type of flap increases the area of the
wing ?

a) Plain Flap
b) Fowler Flap
c) All flaps
258. If all , or a significant part of a stall strip is
missing on an aeroplane wing , a likely result will be

a) increased lift in the area of installation on the opposite

wing at high angles of attack
b) asymmetrical aileron control at low angles of attack
c) asymmetrical aileron control at or near stall angles of
attack
259. With increased speed in level flight :

a) induced drag increases

b) profile drag increases
c) profile drag remains constant
260. Deployment of flaps will result in :

a) a decrease in stall angle

b) an increase in stall angle
c) a decrease in angle of attack
261. The angle of attack of an aerofoil section is the
angle between the :

a) chord line and the relative airflow

b) underside of the wing surface and the mean airflow
c) chord line and the center line of the fuselage
262. A swept wing tends to stall first at the :

a) root
b) tip
c) center section
263. Kruger Flaps are normally fitted to :

a) the trailing edge of the wings

b) the tips of the wings
c) the leading edge of the wings
264. Aspect ratio of a wing is defined as the ratio of
the :

a) wingspan to the wing root.

b) square of the chord to the wingspan .
c) wingspan to the mean chord
265. The trailing vortex on a pointed wing (taper ratio
= 0) is :

a) at the root
b) at the tip
c) equally all along the wing span
266. A high wing aircraft will be more :

a) laterally stable than a low wing aircraft

b) longitudinally stable than a low wing aircraft
c) directionally stable than a low wing aircraft
267. A wing with a very high aspect ratio ( in
comparison with a low aspect ratio wing ) will have :

a) increased drag at high angles of attack.

b) a low stall speed.
c) poor control qualities at low airspeeds.
268. The lift curve for a delta wing is :

a) more steep than that of a high aspect ratio wing

b) less steep than that of a high aspect ratio wing
c) the same as that of a high aspect ratio wing
269. After an aircraft has been disturbed from its
straight and level flight , it returns to its original
attitude with a small amount of decreasing
oscillation . The aircraft is :

a) statically stable but dynamically unstable

b) statically unstable but dynamically stable
c) statically stable and dynamically stable
270. An increase in the speed at which an aerofoil
passes through the air increases lift because :

a) the increased speed of the airflow creates a greater

pressure differential between the upper and lower surfaces.
b) the increased speed of the airflow creates a lesser
pressure differential between the upper and lower surfaces.
c) the increased velocity of the relative wind increases the
angle of attack
271. A delta wing has :

a) a higher stall angle than a straight wing

b) a lower stall angle than a straight wing
c) the same stall angle than a straight wing
272. The Lift/Drag ratio of a wing at the stalling angle
is :

a) of a negative value
b) low
c) high
273. The airflow over the upper surface of a
cambered wing

a) increases in velocity and pressure

b) increases in velocity and reduces in pressure
c) reduces in velocity and increases in pressure
274. The speed of air over a swept wing which
contributes to the lift is :

a) less than the aircraft speed

b) more than the aircraft speed
c) the same as the aircraft speed
275. For a given angle of attack induced drag is :

a) greater on a high aspect ratio wing

b) greater towards the wing root
c) greater on a low aspect ratio wing
276. In straight and level flight, the angle of attack of
a swept wing is :

a) the same as the aircraft angle to the horizontal

b) more than the aircraft angle to the horizontal
c) less than the aircraft angle to the horizontal
277. Induced drag :

a) is never equal to the profile drag

b) is equal to the profile drag at the stalling speed
c) is equal to the profile drag at Vmd
278. A delta wing aircraft flying at the same speed
(subsonic) and angle of attack as a swept wing
aircraft of similar wing area will produce :

a) the same lift

b) more lift
c) less lift
279. The stagnation point is :

a) static pressure plus dynamic pressure

b) static pressure minus dynamic pressure
c) dynamic pressure only
280. On a swept wing aircraft , due to the adverse
pressure gradient , the boundary layer on the upper
surface of the wing tends to flow :

a) directly from leading edge to trailing edge

b) towards the tip
c) towards the root
281. With increased speed in level flight :

a) induced drag increases

b) profile drag increases
c) profile drag remains constant
282. If a swept wing stalls at the tips first, the aircraft
will :

a) pitch nose up
b) pitch nose down
c) roll
283. The thickness/chord ratio of the wing is also
known as :

a) aspect ratio
b) mean chord ratio
c) fineness ratio
284. Flexure of a rearward swept wing will :

a) increase the lift and hence increase the flexure

b) decrease the lift and hence decrease the flexure
c) increase the lift and hence decrease the flexure
285. A High Aspect Ratio wing is a wing with :

a) long span , long chord

b) long span , short chord
c) short span , long chord
286. Stall commencing at the root is preferred
because :

a) the ailerons become ineffective

b) it provides the pilot with a warning of complete loss of lift

c) it will cause the aircraft to pitch nose up

287. An aircraft flying in “ground effect” will
produce :

a) more lift than a similar aircraft outside of ground effect

b) less lift than a similar aircraft outside of ground effect
c) the same lift as a similar aircraft outside of ground effect
288. If the angle of attack of a wing is increased in
flight , the :

a) C of P will move forward

b) C of G will move aft
c) C of P will move aft
289. The Rams Horn Vortex on a forward swept wing
will be :

a) the same as a rearward swept wing

b) more than a rearward swept wing
c) less than a rearward swept wing
290. When maintaining level flight an increase in
speed will :

a) cause the C of P to move aft

b) cause the C of P to move forward
c) have no affect on the position of the C of P
291. For a cambered wing section the zero lift angle
of attack will be :

a) zero
b) 4 degrees
c) negative