Question 1: MCQs – Set # 1 [20 Marks]

S. No. A B C D E S. No. A B C D E
01 X 21 X
02 X 22 X
03 X 23 X
04 X 24 X
05 X 25 X
06 X 26 X
07 X 27 X
08 X 28 X
09 X 29 X
10 X 30 X
11 X 31 X
12 X 32 X
13 X 33 X
14 X 34 X
15 X 35 X
16 X 36 X
17 X 37 X
18 X 38 X
19 X 39 X
20 X 40 X

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 Question 2 (part-a) [10 Marks]
1.
Subnet 1:

 Router 1 Interface 0: 192.168.1.1

 Host A: 192.168.1.2
 Host B: 192.168.1.3

Subnet 2:

 Router 1 Interface 1: 192.168.2.1

 Router 2 Interface 0: 192.168.2.2
 Host C: 192.168.2.3
 Host D: 192.168.2.4

Subnet 3:

 Router 2 Interface 1: 192.168.3.1

 Host E: 192.168.3.2
 Host F: 192.168.3.3

2.

Assigning MAC addresses to the adapters:

 Router 1 Interface 0: MAC_A

 Router 1 Interface 1: MAC_B
 Router 2 Interface 0: MAC_C
 Router 2 Interface 1: MAC_D
 Host A: MAC_E
 Host B: MAC_F
 Host C: MAC_G
 Host D: MAC_H
 Host E: MAC_I
 Host F: MAC_J

3.

Steps for sending an IP datagram from Host E to Host B:

1. Host E checks its ARP table to find the MAC address for 192.168.3.1 (Router 2
Interface 1). Suppose the MAC address is MAC_D.
2. Host E encapsulates the IP datagram destined for Host B inside an Ethernet
frame.
o Source IP: 192.168.3.2 (Host E's IP address)
o Destination IP: 192.168.1.3 (Host B's IP address)

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 o Source MAC: MAC_I (Host E's MAC address)
o Destination MAC: MAC_D (Router 2 Interface 1's MAC address)
3. Host E sends the Ethernet frame onto its LAN.
4. The Ethernet frame reaches Router 2 Interface 1.
5. Router 2 checks its ARP table to find the MAC address for 192.168.1.3 (Host
B). Suppose the MAC address is MAC_F.
6. Router 2 encapsulates the received Ethernet frame inside a new Ethernet
frame.
o Source IP: 192.168.3.1 (Router 2 Interface 1's IP address)
o Destination IP: 192.168.1.3 (Host B's IP address)
o Source MAC: MAC_D (Router 2 Interface 1's MAC address)
o Destination MAC: MAC_F (Host B's MAC address)
7. Router 2 sends the new Ethernet frame onto its LAN.
8. The Ethernet frame reaches Host B.
9. Host B receives the frame, extracts the IP datagram, and processes it.

Question 2 (part-b) [10 Marks]

Solution:
The full solution for figure 1 is shown below:

10001111 01110101 0
00010000 10100110 1
00110111 00000111 0
00111010 00001011 1
10111001 00001010 1
00101011 11010101 1

1. The parity bits for the 16 columns is: 00101011 11010101

2. The parity bits for the 5 rows is: 01011

3. The parity bit for the parity row is: 1

4. The bit that was flipped in figure 2 is (9,2):

00111111 10001100 1
01000010 11110110 0
00000111 01110000 1
00000001 11110100 0
11101110 01000100 0
10010101 11111010 0

5. Yes, with 2D parity, you can detect and correct a single flipped bit

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 Question 3: MCQs – Set # 2 [15 Marks]

S. No. A B C D E S. No. A B C D E
41 X 56 X
42 X 57 X
43 X 58 X
44 X 59 X
45 X 60 X
46 X 61 X
47 X 62 X
48 X 63 X
49 X 64 X
50 X 65 X
51 X 66 X
52 X 67 X
53 X 68 X
54 X 69 X
55 X 70 X

Question 4 [10 Marks]

After obtaining first SampleRTT 106 ms:

DevRTT = 0.75*5 + 0.25 * | 106 - 100 | = 5.25 ms
EstimatedRTT = 0.875 * 100 + 0.125 * 106 = 100.75 ms
TimeoutInterval = 100.75+4*5.25 = 121.75 ms

After obtaining 120 ms:

DevRTT = 0.75*5.25 + 0.25 * | 120 – 100.75 | = 8.75 ms
EstimatedRTT = 0.875 * 100.75 + 0.125 * 120 = 103.16 ms
TimeoutInterval = 103.16+4*8.75 = 138.16 ms

After obtaining 140 ms:

DevRTT = 0.75*8.75 + 0.25 * | 140 – 103.16 | = 15.77 ms
EstimatedRTT = 0.875 * 103.16 + 0.125 * 140 = 107.76 ms
TimeoutInterval = 107.76+4*15.77 = 170.84 ms

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 Question 5: MCQs – Set # 3 [10 Marks]

S. No. A B C D E S. No. A B C D E
71 X 81 X
72 X 82 X
73 X 83 X
74 X 84 X
75 X 85 X
76 X 86 X
77 X 87 X
78 X 88 X
79 X 89 X
80 X 90 X

Question 6 [25 Marks]

Question 6 (part-a) [10 Marks]

1. The address 160.24.10.0/24 is public.

2. Maximum number of hosts = 2^x - 2 = 2^8 - 2 = 254. The reason we have to subtract 2
from the final number is because there are always 2 addresses allocated for each address
block: the subnet ID (the first address) and the broadcast address (the last address); for
example, if you have 5 bits for hosts, you can have 30 hosts, because 2 of the addresses
are for the subnet ID and the broadcast address which when added equals 32, which is
2^5.

3. Subnet A has 21 hosts, so it will need at least 23 addresses (for the subnet ID and
broadcast address). The least number of bits that satisfy this is 5 bits. Knowing that, we
take the prior subnet and add 32, the result of which is 160.24.10.64/27

4. The broadcast address of subnet A (160.24.10.64/27) is 160.24.10.95, because it is the

last address in the IP range.

5. The first IP address of subnet A (160.24.10.64/27) is 160.24.10.65, found by adding 1

to the subnet address.

6. The last IP address of subnet A (160.24.10.64/27) is 160.24.10.94, found by

subtracting 1 from the broadcast address (160.24.10.95).
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7. Similar to the prior subnet, subnet B has 45 hosts, so it will need at least 47 addresses
(for the subnet ID and broadcast address). The least number of bits that satisfy this is 6
bits. Knowing that, we take the prior subnet and add 64, the result of which is
160.24.10.0/26

8. The broadcast address of subnet B (160.24.10.0/26) is 160.24.10.63, because it is the

last address in the IP range.

9. The first IP address of subnet B (160.24.10.0/26) is 160.24.10.1, found by adding 1 to

the subnet address.

10. The last IP address of subnet B (160.24.10.0/26) is 160.24.10.62, found by

subtracting 1 from the broadcast address (160.24.10.63).

Question 6 (part-b) [15 Marks]:

Show your steps in the table below [12 Marks].

B C D E F G
Step N’ D(B),P(B) P(C), D(D),P(D) D(E),P(E) D(F),P(F) D(G),P(G)
P(C)
0 A 1, A 3, A ∞ ∞ 10, A ∞
1 AB 2, B 8, B 6,B 10, A 3, B
2 ABC 8, B 5, C 10, A 3, B
3 ABCG 8, B 5, C 10, A
4 ABCGE 8,B 7, E
5 ABCGEF 7, E
6 ABCGEFD
…
…

1) List the vertices in the order which you marked them known [1 Mark].

ABCGEFD
2) Draw the shortest path tree from node A [1 Mark].

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3) Fill out the following forwarding table for A to all the destination nodes
[1 Mark].

Destination Link

B (A, B)

C (A, B)

D (A, B)

E (A, B)

F (A, B)

G (A, B)

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