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 UNIT NO.3

SINGLE PHASE A.C CIRCUIT

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 A.C. THROUGH PURE RESISTANCE

(a) CircuitDig (b) Voltage&CurrentWaveform (c) PhasorDig

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 A.C. THROUGH PURE INDUCTANCE

(a) Circuit Diagram (b) Waveforms (c) Phasor diagram

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 Wave forms

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 A.C. THROUGH PURE CAPACITANCE

(a) Circuit Diagram (b) Waveforms (c) Phasor Diagram

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 Wave forms

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 Numerical

Find the current taken by a

100 µF capacitor when it is
connected across single
phase 230 V, 50 Hz supply.

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A pure inductance L = 0.1 H has an
applied voltage v = 250 sin 314.28t.
Find rms value of current,
instantaneous power, average
power. Write down equation for
current.
Ans:
5.62 A, -993.75 sin(628.56t) W, 0
i = 7.95 sin ( 314.28t – π/2)
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A 50 Hz, alternating voltage of 150 V is
applied independently to (i) Resistance of
10 ohm (ii) Inductance of 0.2 H (iii)
Capacitance of 50 µF. Find the expression
for the instantaneous current in each case.

21.213 sin(100πt) A
3.37 sin (100 πt- π/2) A
3.33 sin (100 πt+ π/2)

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1. Circuit diagram
2. Phasor diagram
3. Current equation
4. Voltage triangle
5. Impedance
6. Impedance triangle
7. Power
8. Power triangle
9. Waveforms
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 SINGLE PHASE A.C CIRCUIT

A.C. THROUGH RESISTANCE AND INDUCTANCE

TO GET EXPRESSION FOR CURRENT,POWER OF SUCH CIRCUIT

USING PHASOR DIAGRAM

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• Let, V = rms value of the applied
voltage.
• I= rms value of the resultant current in the circuit.

• Voltage drop across R, VR = I.R (VR in phase with I)

• Voltage drop across L, VL = I.XL (VL is

leading I by 900)

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VOLTAGE TRIANGLE

IMPEDENCE TRIANGLE

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WAVE FORM OF VOLTAGE AND CURRENT

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Wave form of voltage, current and power

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 A.C. THROUGH R-C SERIES CIRCUIT

• Let, V = rms value of the applied voltage.

• I= rms value of the resultant current in the
circuit.

• Voltage drop across R, VR = I.R (VR in phase with

I)
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VOLTAGE TRIANGLE

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Waveforms of voltage , current and power

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 Numerical
1. A coil has inductance of 20
mH and resistance of 5 Ω. It is
connected to supply voltage v
= 48 sin 314t. Obtain the
expression for the current
drawn
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2. A coil is connected across a 250
V, 50 Hz supply takes a current of
10 A at 0.8 p.f. lagging. What will
be power taken by choke coil,
when connected across 200 V, 25
Hz supply? Also calculate
resistance and inductance of coil.

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3. A resistance of 100 Ω and 50 µF
capacitor are connected in series
across a 230 V, 50 Hz supply. Find
i. Current in circuit
ii. Voltage across the resistance
iii. Voltage across the capacitor
iv. Power factor
v. Power
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4. A room heater of 2 kW, 125 V
rating is to be operated at 230
V, 50 Hz ac supply. Calculate
the value of inductance, that
must be connected in series
with the heater so that heater
will not get damaged due to
over voltage.
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5. Derive the expression for
power when voltage v = Vm sin
ωt is applied across R-L and
then to R-C series circuit. Draw
the waveforms for voltage,
current and power

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A.C. THROUGH SERIES R-L-C CIRCUIT

Case I : Inductive reactance (XL) > Capacitive reactance, (XC).

Case II : Inductive reactance (XL) < Capacitive reactance, (XC).

Case III : Inductive reactance (XL) = Capacitive reactance, (XC).

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Case I : Inductive reactance (XL) >
Capacitive reactance, (XC)

CURRE
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Subjects: BEHIND THE VOLTAGE BYф
Case II : Inductive reactance (XL) <
Capacitive reactance, (XC).

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Case III : Inductive reactance (XL) =
Capacitive reactance (XC)

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 Numerical on R-L-C Series Circuit
1. A series circuit consists of 50 Ω
resistance, 0.1 H inductance and 50 µF
capacitance connected across single
phase, 230 V 50 Hz supply. Calculate the
current dra by circuit, the pow
wn circuiter its nature.
factor
calculate ofandpower Also
total consumed by
circuit. Draw the phasor diagram.

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2. The load taken from supply consists of a
i. Lamp load 10 kW at unity p. f.
ii.Motor load of 80 kVA at 0.8 p.f. lagging
iii.Motor load of 40 kVA at 0.7 p.f. lagging
Calculate totalload taken
from the supply in kW
and in kVA . Also pf of
combined load.

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3. Emf given by v = 100 sin 100 πt is
impressed across a circuit consists of
resistance of 40 Ωin series with 100
µFcapacitor and 0.25 H
Determine
inductor.
i. RMS value of current
ii. Power consumed
iii. Power factor

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4. A coil of pf 0.6 is in series with
100 µF capacitor. When whole
circuit is connected across 50 Hz
supply, the p. d. across the coil
is equal to p. d. across capacitor.
Find resistance and inductance
of coil.

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5. A coil of resistance 10 Ω
and
inductance 0.1 H is connected in
series with a 50 µF capacitor across
a 230 V, 50 Hz supply. Find the
current taken and the phase
difference between supply voltage
and current. Find also the voltage
drop across the coil and capacitor

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6. Two impedances connected
in series are Z1 = 40 30 and Z
0
∠

2 = 30 60 across 230 V, 50 Hz
0
∠

supply. Find current, power

factor and power consumed by
circuit

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RESONANCE IN THE R–L–C SERIES CIRCUIT

= =

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 Resonant Frequency
XL= X
C

r·L = 1
r·C
1
2πfr·L= 2π·C
fr
2 =
 fr
1 4πL2C

1
 fr=
2π LC
H
z
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 Resonance

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 Numerical on Resonance
A circuit consisting of coil an variable
series
capacitance having reactanced XC. a The coil has a
resistance of 10 Ω, inductive reactance of 20 Ω. It is
observed that at certain value of capacitance, current
in the circuit is maximum.
Find
i. The value of capacitance
ii. Impedance of the circuit
iii. Power factor
iv. Current
If applied voltage is 100 V, 50 Hz.
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• For the given circuit find at
what value of frequency will
current become maximum?
Calculate the current and
voltage across coil and across
capacitor for this frequency.

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A coil of 15 mH is connected in series
with 25Ω resistance and a capacitor
across 230 v, 50 Hz supply. Find the
value of capacitor so that circuit
draws maximum current. What will
be the power factor and power
consumed?

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 AC Parallel Circuit
• Concept of Admittance (Y)
• Components of Admittance(Y)
• Conductance (G)
• Susceptance (B)
• Unit Mho or Siemens
Y = G + jB Y = G – jB
• Admittance Triangles

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