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Chapter 3 Lesson 3

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18 views5 pages

Chapter 3 Lesson 3

Uploaded by

Rio Manuel Valente
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CHAPTER 3 Review of Research Skills

LESSON 3
Research
Instruments

Have you been stalking that guy on


social media, again?
Calm down, Hardin.
It’s not stalking. It’s survey,
for research purposes.

INPUT

Research Instruments
A research instrument is a tool used to gather data on a specific topic of
interest. When conducting a research, you need to prepare and implement the
appropriate instrument to gather the data you need.
Instruments used must have Validity and Reliability.

So after this lesson you are expected to accomplish the following:

1. Recognize the differences between research instruments; and

2. Analyze abstracts by identifying the research instrument they use.

Validity
-Validity refers to the degree to which an instrument accurately measures
what it intends to measure. Content validity indicates the extent to which items
adequately measure or represent the content of the property or trait that the
researcher wishes to measure.
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CHAPTER 3 Review of Research Skills

Reliability
-Reliability refers to the degree to which an instrument yields
consistent results. Common measures of reliability include internal
consistency, test-retest, and inter-rater reliabilities.

What is Data Collection?


Data collection is a methodical process of gathering and analyzing specific
information to proffer solutions to relevant questions and evaluate the results. It
focuses on finding out all there is to a particular subject matter. Data is collected to
be further subjected to hypothesis testing which seeks to explain a phenomenon.
Hypothesis testing eliminates assumptions while making a proposition from the
basis of reason.

Primary Data Collection


Primary data collection by definition is the gathering of raw data collected at
the source. It is a process of collecting the original data collected by a researcher
for a specific research purpose. It could be further analyzed into two segments;
qualitative research and quantitative data collection methods.

 Qualitative Research Method


The qualitative research methods of data collection does not involve the collection
of data that involves numbers or a need to be deduced through a mathematical
calculation, rather it is based on the non-quantifiable elements like the feeling or
emotion of the researcher. An example of such a method is an open-ended
questionnaire.

 Quantitative Method
Quantitative methods are presented in numbers and require a mathematical
calculation to deduce. An example would be the use of a questionnaire with close-
ended questions to arrive at figures to be calculated Mathematically. Also,
methods of correlation and regression, mean, mode and median.

What is a Data Collection Tool?


Data collection tools refer to the devices/instruments used to collect data, such as
a paper questionnaire or computer-assisted interviewing system. Case Studies,
Checklists, Interviews, Observation sometimes, and Surveys or Questionnaires are
all tools used to collect data.

It is important to decide the tools for data collection because research is carried out
in different ways and for different purposes. The objective behind data collection is
to capture quality evidence that allows analysis to lead to the formulation of
convincing and credible answers to the questions that have been posed.

General Guidelines

Before preparing the instrument


1. Do a preliminary research on how to do it
2. Talk to an expert (consider the specialization based on your
research needs) 3. Master the guidelines
4. Decide on the number of
instrument use 5. Use appropriate
format
6. Edit your instrument
7. Pilot test your instrument
8. Finalize instrument using results on pilot test

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CHAPTER 3 Review of Research Skills

Types of Instruments

1. Survey
-It contains responses directly related to each specific research
question or item. It can either be in the form of interview,
observation or interview.

2. Interview
-Is an instrument that allows the researcher to qualitatively gather
data through questions and answer. This is either done face-to-face,
virtually or with the aid of electronic gadgets.
Stages of interview include:
1. Pre-interview stage -- interview guide is prepared and the
respondents are contacted.
2. Warm-up stage – setting the mood.
3. Main interview stage – questions related to research are asked.
4. Closing stage – respondents are acknowledged and thanked.

3. Questionnaire
-Questionnaire is more quantifiable. It lists written questions to get
specific information.
Parts of Questionnaire:
1. Personal Information section
2. Main Questions section
3. Open-ended questions section

4. Observation
-Usually, this instrument is used to cross-validate the results of other
instruments.
Types of Observation
1. Participant (researcher joins) and Non-Participant
2. Structured (has list of things to be observed) and Unstructured (takes
down whatever is seen at the moment)
3. Covert (participants are not aware) and Overt (aware)

5. Experiment
-It is a procedure undertaken scientifically and systematically to make a
discovery and to test hypothesis.

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CHAPTER 3 Review of Research Skills

APPLICATION
For those who can log online, proceed to this link and comment down in the activity
posted therein.
https://www.facebook.com/groups/3293192067397078/permalink/35313659402463
55/

ASSESSMENT

Teacher’s Note: No activities shall be given on this part. A chapter test that shall be
given next week instead.

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