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Most Asked SQL Queries in Interview (1)

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9 views

Most Asked SQL Queries in Interview (1)

Uploaded by

t.moin06
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Most Asked SQL queries in any Interview.

1.Employees nth Max Salary(Ex. Employee's 3rd Salary)

Solution:

SELECT DISTINCT salary

FROM employees

ORDER BY salary DESC

LIMIT 1 OFFSET 2;

OR

SELECT MAX(salary) AS third_highest_salary

FROM employees

WHERE salary < (

SELECT MAX(salary)

FROM employees

WHERE salary < (

SELECT MAX(salary)

FROM employees

);

2. Find out employees name who are getting 2nd highest salary.(More than 1 employee is getting
second highest salary)

Solution:

SELECT name, salary

FROM employees

WHERE salary = (

SELECT MAX(salary)

FROM employees

WHERE salary < (


SELECT MAX(salary)

FROM employees

);

3.Separate the first and last names from a full name

Solution:

SELECT

full_name,

SUBSTRING(full_name, 1, INSTR(full_name, ' ') - 1) AS first_name,

SUBSTRING(full_name, INSTR(full_name, ' ') + 1) AS last_name

FROM employees;

4.Find Duplicate records in a table

Solution:

SELECT column1, column2, COUNT(*)

FROM table_name

GROUP BY column1, column2

HAVING COUNT(*) > 1;

5.Delete duplicate records while keeping 1

Solution:

DELETE FROM table_name

WHERE id NOT IN (

SELECT MIN(id)

FROM table_name

GROUP BY columnname

);

6.Get the list of the employees who joined in the last 6 months.

Solution:
SELECT *

FROM employees

WHERE join_date >= DATE_ADD(CURDATE(), INTERVAL -6 MONTH);

7.List out the employees who are working as manager as well

Solutions:

SELECT DISTINCT e1.*

FROM employees e1

JOIN employees e2

ON e1.id = e2.manager_id;

8.Find the Employee With the Maximum Salary in Each Department

Solution:

SELECT department_id, MAX(salary) AS max_salary

FROM employees

GROUP BY department_id;

9.Check If Two Tables Have the Same Data

Solution:

SELECT department_id, COUNT(*) AS employee_count

FROM employees

GROUP BY department_id;

10.Retrieve Employees With a Salary Greater Than the Average Salary

Solution:

SELECT *

FROM employees

WHERE salary > (SELECT AVG(salary) FROM employees);

11.Find Department with more than 5 employee

Solution:
SELECT department_id, COUNT(*) AS employee_count

FROM employees

GROUP BY department_id

HAVING COUNT(*) > 5;

12.Find Employees Whose Names Contain 'John'

Solution:

SELECT *

FROM employees

WHERE name LIKE '%John%';

13.Retrieve Last 5 Records From a Table

Solution:

SELECT *

FROM employees

ORDER BY id DESC

LIMIT 5;

14.Find employees whose names contain exactly two occurrences of the letter 'a'

Solution:

SELECT *

FROM employees

WHERE name LIKE '%a%a%' AND name NOT LIKE '%a%a%a%';

15.Extract the last 3 characters of a name

Solution:

SELECT name, SUBSTRING(name, LENGTH(name) - 2, 3) AS last_three_characters

FROM employees;

1.:What are the different types of SQL statements?


DDL (Data Definition Language): CREATE, ALTER, DROP.

DML (Data Manipulation Language): SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE.

DCL (Data Control Language): GRANT, REVOKE.

TCL (Transaction Control Language): COMMIT, ROLLBACK, SAVEPOINT.

17.What is the difference between DELETE and TRUNCATE?

DELETE removes specific rows based on a condition and can be rolled back.

TRUNCATE removes all rows from a table but cannot be rolled back (in most systems)

18.What is the difference between UNION and UNION ALL?

UNION removes duplicate records, whereas UNION ALL includes all records.

19.What are the different types of joins in SQL?

Inner Join: Returns matching rows from both tables.

Left Join: Returns all rows from the left table and matching rows from the right table.

Right Join: Returns all rows from the right table and matching rows from the left table.

Full Outer Join: Returns all rows when there is a match in either table.

20.What is candidate Key

A candidate key is a column, or a combination of columns, in a database table that can uniquely
identify each row in that table. It is a candidate to become the primary key of the table, as it satisfies
the following properties.

21.Window Functions in SQL

Window functions are SQL functions that perform calculations across a set of rows related to the
current row, but unlike aggregate functions, they do not collapse rows into a single output. Instead,
they return a value for each row in the dataset.

RANK(), DENSE_RANK(), ROW_NUMBER()


22.How do you insert multiple rows at once?

Solution:

INSERT INTO employees (id, name, department, salary, join_date)

VALUES

(2, 'Jane Doe', 'Finance', 60000.00, '2023-02-01'),

(3, 'Mike Ross', 'IT', 70000.00, '2023-03-01');

23.How do you delete all records from a table but keep the structure?

Solution:

DELETE FROM employees;

24.Copy employees with a salary greater than 60,000 into the new_employees table.

Solution:

INSERT INTO new_employees (id, name, department, salary)

SELECT id, name, department, salary

FROM employees

WHERE salary > 60000;

25.copy only the structure of a table (without copying the data) into a new table

Solution:

CREATE TABLE new_table

AS

SELECT *

FROM existing_table

WHERE 1 <> 1;

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