Artificial Intelligence

1. Write a Program to Perform Basic Arithmetic Operations

Question: Write a program to accept two numbers from the user and
perform the following operations:
 Addition
 Subtraction
 Multiplication
 Division
 Modulus
 Floor Division
 Exponentiation
Ans: # Program to perform basic arithmetic operations

# Accepting two numbers from the user

num1 = float(input("Enter the first number: "))
num2 = float(input("Enter the second number: "))

# Performing and displaying arithmetic operations

# Addition
addition = num1 + num2
print(f"The sum of {num1} and {num2} is: {addition}")

# Subtraction
subtraction = num1 - num2
print(f"The difference of {num1} and {num2} is: {subtraction}")

# Multiplication
multiplication = num1 * num2
print(f"The product of {num1} and {num2} is: {multiplication}")

# Division
if num2 != 0: # Checking if the divisor is not zero
division = num1 / num2
print(f"The division of {num1} by {num2} is: {division}")
else:
print("Division by zero is not allowed.")

# Modulus
if num2 != 0: # Checking if the divisor is not zero
modulus = num1 % num2
print(f"The modulus of {num1} and {num2} is: {modulus}")
else:
print("Modulus by zero is not allowed.")

# Floor Division
if num2 != 0: # Checking if the divisor is not zero
floor_division = num1 // num2
 print(f"The floor division of {num1} by {num2} is: {floor_division}")
else:
print("Floor division by zero is not allowed.")

# Exponentiation
exponentiation = num1 ** num2
print(f"The result of {num1} raised to the power of {num2} is:
{exponentiation}")
Enter the first number: 10
Enter the second number: 3
The sum of 10.0 and 3.0 is: 13.0
The difference of 10.0 and 3.0 is: 7.0
The product of 10.0 and 3.0 is: 30.0
The division of 10.0 by 3.0 is: 3.3333333333333335
The modulus of 10.0 and 3.0 is: 1.0
The floor division of 10.0 by 3.0 is: 3.0
The result of 10.0 raised to the power of 3.0 is: 1000.0
2. Write a Program to Find the Largest of Three Numbers
Question: Write a program to input three numbers and find the
largest of the three using if-elif-else statements.
Ans: # Program to find the largest of three numbers

# Accepting three numbers from the user

num1 = float(input("Enter the first number: "))
num2 = float(input("Enter the second number: "))
num3 = float(input("Enter the third number: "))

# Using if-elif-else to determine the largest number

if num1 >= num2 and num1 >= num3:
largest = num1
elif num2 >= num1 and num2 >= num3:
largest = num2
else:
largest = num3

# Displaying the largest number

print(f"The largest number among {num1}, {num2}, and {num3} is:
{largest}")
Enter the first number: 9
Enter the second number: 7
Enter the third number: 5
The largest number among 9.0, 7.0, and 5.0 is: 9.0
3. Write a Program to Check Whether a Number is Prime or Not
Question: Write a program to check if a given number is a prime
number.
Ans: # Program to check if a number is prime

# Function to check if a number is prime

def is_prime(number):
# Check for numbers less than 2 (not prime)
if number <= 1:
return False
# Check divisibility from 2 to the square root of the number
for i in range(2, int(number**0.5) + 1):
if number % i == 0:
return False
return True

# Accepting user input

num = int(input("Enter a number: "))

# Checking if the number is prime

if is_prime(num):
print(f"{num} is a prime number.")
else:
print(f"{num} is not a prime number.")
Enter a number: 7
7 is a prime number.
4. Write a Program to Display the Fibonacci Sequence
Question: Write a program to display the Fibonacci sequence up to n
terms, where n is provided by the user.
Ans: # Program to display the Fibonacci sequence up to n terms

# Function to generate the Fibonacci sequence

def fibonacci(n):
# Starting values for the Fibonacci sequence
a, b = 0, 1
# Displaying the Fibonacci sequence
for _ in range(n):
print(a, end=" ")
a, b = b, a + b # Update values of a and b

# Accepting user input

n_terms = int(input("Enter the number of terms for the Fibonacci
sequence: "))

# Checking if the input is valid (positive integer)

if n_terms <= 0:
print("Please enter a positive integer.")
else:
print(f"Fibonacci sequence up to {n_terms} terms:")
fibonacci(n_terms)
Enter the number of terms for the Fibonacci sequence: 6
Fibonacci sequence up to 6 terms:
011235
5. Write a Program to Count the Occurrences of Each Character in
a String
Question: Write a program to count the number of occurrences of
each character in a given string.
Ans # Program to count occurrences of each character in a given
string

# Function to count character occurrences

def count_characters(input_string):
# Creating an empty dictionary to store character counts
char_count = {}

# Looping through each character in the string

for char in input_string:
# If the character is already in the dictionary, increment its count
if char in char_count:
char_count[char] += 1
# Otherwise, add the character to the dictionary with a count of
1
else:
char_count[char] = 1

# Returning the dictionary with character counts

return char_count
# Accepting user input
input_string = input("Enter a string: ")

# Counting the occurrences of each character

result = count_characters(input_string)

# Displaying the result

print("Character occurrences:")
for char, count in result.items():
print(f"'{char}': {count}")
Enter a string: 5
Character occurrences:
'5': 1
6. Write a Program to Check Whether a String is a Palindrome
Question: Write a program to check if a given string is a palindrome
(the string reads the same backward as forward).
Ans # Program to check if a given string is a palindrome

# Function to check palindrome

def is_palindrome(input_string):
# Remove spaces and convert to lowercase for uniform comparison
formatted_string = input_string.replace(" ", "").lower()

# Check if the string is equal to its reverse

if formatted_string == formatted_string[::-1]:
return True
else:
return False

# Accepting user input

input_string = input("Enter a string: ")

# Checking if the input string is a palindrome

if is_palindrome(input_string):
print(f"'{input_string}' is a palindrome.")
else:
print(f"'{input_string}' is not a palindrome.")
Enter a string: 5
'5' is a palindrome.
7. Write a Program to Sort a List of Numbers in Ascending Order
Question: Write a program to sort a list of numbers entered by the
user in ascending order.
Ans # Program to sort a list of numbers in ascending order

# Accepting user input

numbers = input("Enter numbers separated by spaces: ")

# Converting the input string into a list of numbers

num_list = [int(num) for num in numbers.split()]

# Sorting the list in ascending order

num_list.sort()

# Displaying the sorted list

print("Sorted list in ascending order:", num_list)
Enter numbers separated by spaces: 10 27 34 8
Sorted list in ascending order: [8, 10, 27, 34]
8. Write a Program to Create a Simple Calculator Using Functions
Question: Write a program to create a simple calculator that can
perform addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division using
functions.
Ans # Simple Calculator Program using functions

# Function to add two numbers

def add(x, y):
return x + y

# Function to subtract two numbers

def subtract(x, y):
return x - y

# Function to multiply two numbers

def multiply(x, y):
return x * y

# Function to divide two numbers

def divide(x, y):
# Check if the denominator is zero
if y == 0:
return "Error! Division by zero."
else:
 return x / y

# Main program to execute the calculator

def calculator():
# Accepting user input for the operation
print("Select operation:")
print("1. Addition (+)")
print("2. Subtraction (-)")
print("3. Multiplication (*)")
print("4. Division (/)")

# Getting user choice

choice = input("Enter choice (1/2/3/4): ")

# Getting user input for the numbers

num1 = float(input("Enter first number: "))
num2 = float(input("Enter second number: "))

# Perform operation based on user choice

if choice == '1':
print(f"{num1} + {num2} = {add(num1, num2)}")
elif choice == '2':
print(f"{num1} - {num2} = {subtract(num1, num2)}")
elif choice == '3':
 print(f"{num1} * {num2} = {multiply(num1, num2)}")
elif choice == '4':
print(f"{num1} / {num2} = {divide(num1, num2)}")
else:
print("Invalid input! Please choose a valid operation.")
# Calling the calculator function to run program the
calculator()
Select operation:
1. Addition (+)
2. Subtraction (-)
3. Multiplication (*)
4. Division (/)
Enter choice (1/2/3/4):
9. Write a Program to Find the Sum of Digits of a Number
Question: Write a program to find the sum of digits of a given
number.
Ans # Program to find the sum of digits of a given number

# Function to calculate the sum of digits

def sum_of_digits(number):
# Initialize the sum to 0
total_sum = 0

# Convert the number to positive if it's negative

number = abs(number)

# Loop through each digit in the number

while number > 0:
# Add the last digit to the total sum
total_sum += number % 10
# Remove the last digit
number //= 10

return total_sum

# Accepting user input

num = int(input("Enter a number: "))
# Calculate the sum of digits
result = sum_of_digits(num)

# Display the result

print(f"The sum of digits of {num} is: {result}")
Enter a number: 5
The sum of digits of 5 is: 5

10. Write a Program to Convert Celsius to Fahrenheit

Question: Write a program to convert a temperature given in Celsius
to Fahrenheit.
Ans # Program to convert Celsius to Fahrenheit

# Function to convert Celsius to Fahrenheit

def celsius_to_fahrenheit(celsius):
fahrenheit = (celsius * 9/5) + 32
return fahrenheit

# Accepting user input for temperature in Celsius

celsius = float(input("Enter temperature in Celsius: "))

# Convert Celsius to Fahrenheit

fahrenheit = celsius_to_fahrenheit(celsius)

# Display the result

print(f"{celsius}°C is equal to {fahrenheit}°F")
Enter temperature in Celsius: 69
69.0°C is equal to 156.2°F

11. Program to check if a given number is prime or not:

python
Copy code
def is_prime(num):
if num <= 1:
return False
for i in range(2, int(num ** 0.5) + 1):
if num % i == 0:
return False
return True

num = int(input("Enter a number: "))

if is_prime(num):
print(f"{num} is a prime number.")
else:
print(f"{num} is not a prime number.")

12. Program to find the factorial of a number:

python
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def factorial(n):
if n == 0 or n == 1:
return 1
 else:
return n * factorial(n - 1)

num = int(input("Enter a number: "))

print(f"The factorial of {num} is {factorial(num)}.")

13. Program to find whether a string is a palindrome:

python
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def is_palindrome(s):
return s == s[::-1]

string = input("Enter a string: ")

if is_palindrome(string):
print(f"{string} is a palindrome.")
else:
print(f"{string} is not a palindrome.")
14. Program to merge two lists:
python
Copy code
def merge_lists(list1, list2):
return list1 + list2

list1 = [1, 2, 3]
list2 = [4, 5, 6]
merged_list = merge_lists(list1, list2)
print("Merged list:", merged_list)

15. Program to create a simple calculator:

python
Copy code
def add(x, y):
return x + y

def subtract(x, y):

return x - y

def multiply(x, y):

return x * y
def divide(x, y):
if y == 0:
return "Cannot divide by zero"
return x / y

print("Select operation:")
print("1. Add")
print("2. Subtract")
print("3. Multiply")
print("4. Divide")

choice = input("Enter choice(1/2/3/4): ")

num1 = float(input("Enter first number: "))

num2 = float(input("Enter second number: "))

if choice == '1':
print(f"{num1} + {num2} = {add(num1, num2)}")
elif choice == '2':
print(f"{num1} - {num2} = {subtract(num1, num2)}")
elif choice == '3':
print(f"{num1} * {num2} = {multiply(num1, num2)}")
elif choice == '4':
print(f"{num1} / {num2} = {divide(num1, num2)}")
else:
print("Invalid input")

16. Program to print all the prime numbers up to n:

python
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def print_primes(n):
for num in range(2, n+1):
if is_prime(num):
print(num, end=" ")

n = int(input("Enter a number: "))

print(f"Prime numbers up to {n}:")
print_primes(n)

17. Program to find the common elements between two lists:

python
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def common_elements(list1, list2):
return list(set(list1) & set(list2))
list1 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
list2 = [4, 5, 6, 7]
common = common_elements(list1, list2)
print("Common elements:", common)

18. Program to generate a multiplication table of a number:

python
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def multiplication_table(num, limit=10):
for i in range(1, limit + 1):
print(f"{num} x {i} = {num * i}")

num = int(input("Enter a number: "))

multiplication_table(num)

19. Program to print a pyramid pattern:

python
Copy code
def print_pyramid(n):
for i in range(1, n + 1):
print(" " * (n - i) + "*" * (2 * i - 1))

rows = int(input("Enter the number of rows: "))

print_pyramid(rows)

20. Program to convert a binary number to decimal:

python
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def binary_to_decimal(binary):
return int(binary, 2)

binary = input("Enter a binary number: ")

decimal = binary_to_decimal(binary)
print(f"Decimal equivalent of {binary} is {decimal}.")