HUMAN BSMT - 1 PRELIMS

HISTOLOGY 3RD TERM 02/03

CONNECTIVE TISSUE

INTRODUCTION Classes
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 Connective Tissue
 Found everywhere in the body
 Includes the most abundant and
widely distributed tissues
 Functions
 Binds body tissues together
 Supports the body (Bone &
cartilage)  Two Main
Extracellular Matrix
 Provides protection
(adipocytes provide shock xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Elements
absorption)  Ground substance
 Ground substance  mostly water along
 Ground substance with adhesion proteins
 Ground substance and polysaccharide
 Transport (Blood – main molecules; fills the
transport medium) extracellular space
 Common embryonic origin  Fibers
 mesenchyme  Produced by the cells
 Three types
Connective Tissue Characteristics  Var 1. Collagen Fibers
2. Elastic Fibers
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iations in blood supply 3. Reticular Fibers
 Some tissue types are well
vascularized Proper Structures
 Some have poor blood supply or
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are avascular
 Cells found in connective
 Cells are surrounded by protein
tissue proper
fibers and embedded in ground
 Fibroblasts
substance
 Macrophages, Mast cells
 Extracellular matrix
 Adipocytes (fat cells)
 Non-living material that
 lymphocytes (antibody
surrounds living cells
producing cells)
Main Classes  Fibers:
 Collagen - very strong &
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Connective tissue proper abundant, long & straight
 Blood
 Fluid connective tissue  Elastic
 Cartilage
}
Supporting
 Bone Tissue Connective tissue
 branching fibers with a
wavy appearance
(when relaxed)

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HISTOLOGY
 Reticular
3RD TERM 02/03
 Primarily
 form a network of fibers that parallel
form a supportive collagen
framework in soft organs fibers
(i.e. Spleen & liver)  Fibroblasts
DESCRIPTION and some
elastic fibers
 Poorly
vascularized

 Attaches
muscle to
bone
 Attaches
FUNCTION bone to bone
 Withstands
great stress
in
Proper Classifications  one direction
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 Tendons and
 Loose Connective Tissue
LOCATION ligaments
 Areolar
 Aponeuroses
 Reticular
 Fascia
 Adipose
around
muscles
 Dense Connective Tissue
 Regular
 Irregular
 Elastic

Connective Tissue Types  Dense

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connective tissue
 Main matrix element is collagen
fibers
 Cells are fibroblasts
 EXAMPLES
 Tendon - attach muscle to
bone

DENSE IREGULAR CONNECTIVE

TISSUE
 Ligaments – attach bone to
bone
 Primarily
irregularly
DENSE REGULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE
arranged

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HISTOLOGY
DESCRIPTION collagen fibers
3RD TERM 02/03
 Some elastic
fibers and
fibroblasts

 Withstands
tension
FUNCTION  Provides
structural
strength
 Dermis of
LOCATION skin AREOLAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE
 Submucosa
of digestive  Gel-like
tract matrix with:
 Fibrous  all three fiber
capsules of types
joints and (collagen,
organs reticular,
elastic) for
support
 Cells –
fibroblasts,
macrophages,
DESCRIPTIO mast cells,
N white
 blood cells,
adipocytes
 Highly
vascular
tissue
 Most widely
distributed
connective
tissue
 Soft, pliable
tissue

 Wraps and
cushions

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HUMAN BSMT - 1 PRELIMS
HISTOLOGY organs
3RD TERM 02/03
 Holds and
conveys
FUNCTION tissue fluid
 Important
role in
inflammation
 Main
battlefield in
fight against
infection

ADIPOSE TISSUE

 Closely packed adipocytes

 Have nucleus pushed to one
side by fat
 droplet Function

 FUNCTIONS
 Insulates the body against
heat loss
 Protects some organs
 Serves as a site of
 fuel/food storage

 LOCATION
 Under skin
 Around kidneys
 Behind eyeballs, within
abdomen and in breasts

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RETICULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE

 Delicate network of interwoven

fibers in loose ground substance
 Forms stroma (internal supporting
network) of lymphoid organs
 Lymph nodes
 Spleen
 Bone marrow

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
02/03
Costal cartilage of ribs
CARTILAGE  Cartilages of nose, trachea,
and larynx
 Characteristics
 Firm, flexible tissue
 Contains no blood vessels or
nerves
 Matrix contains up to 80% water
 Cell type –
 chondrocyte

 Types
 Hyaline
 Elastic
 Fibrocartilage

Connective Tissue Types (CARTILAGE)

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 Hyaline cartilage
 Most common cartilage
 Composed of
 Abundant collagen fibers
 Rubbery matrix
 Entire fetal skeleton is hyaline
cartilage

 FUNCTION
 Supports and reinforces
 Resilient cushion
 Resists repetitive stress

 LOCATION
 Ends of long bones  Elastic Cartilage

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 More elastic fibers in matrix
3RD TERM 02/03
 FUNCTION
 Maintains shape of structure
 Allows great flexibility

 LOCATION
 Supports external ear
 Epiglottis

 Fibrocartilage
 Matrix similar, but less firm
than hyaline cartilage
 Thick collagen fibers
predominate
 Highly compressible

 FUNCTION
 Tensile strength and ability
to absorb compressive
shock

 LOCATION
 Intervertebral discs
 Pubic symphysis
 Discs of knee joint

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 Bone (osseous tissue)

 Composed of:
 Bone cells in lacunae
(cavities)
 Hard matrix of calcium
salts
 Large numbers of
collagen fibers
 FUNCTION
 Supports and protects
organs
 Provides levers and
attachment site for
muscles
 Stores calcium and other
minerals
 Stores fat

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NORMAL BONE

DISEASED

 BLOOD TISSUE

 FUNCTION
 transport of respiratory
gases, nutrients, and wastes

 LOCATION
 within blood vessels

 CHARACTERISTICS
 An atypical connective
tissue
 Consists of cells
surrounded by fluid matrix

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HUMAN BSMT - 1 PRELIMS
HISTOLOGY 3RD TERM 02/03

SICKLE CELL ANEMIA

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