Scribd
Upload
23 views7 pages

Project (190329.)

Uploaded by

maishapritthi611
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
23 views7 pages

Project (190329.)

Uploaded by

maishapritthi611
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 7

Chapter -01

Historical overview of programming language

A programming language is a formal set of instruction and syntax rules that


developers use to write software program. These language serve as bridge
between human and relatable code that computer understand and execute. The
formation of programming language updates on regular basis. Programmers use
many programming language such as C, C++, Java, Python, Fortran etc. for
developing software.

Programming language play a central role in computer science. Such as,

Software Development: Programming languages provide the tools to develop


various software applications, from operating systems to web apps and games.

Problem Solving: They enable the creation of algorithms and logic to solve
real-world problems effectively.

Communication with Computers: They act as a medium for humans to give


instructions to computers, transforming human ideas into executable code.

Automation and Efficiency: Programming languages allow repetitive and


complex tasks to be automated, increasing productivity and accuracy.

Research and Innovation: Many advancements in fields like artificial


intelligence, data science, and computational biology rely heavily on
programming languages to model and simulate concepts.

Hardware Interaction: Low-level languages like C and assembly enable direct


interaction with computer hardware, optimizing system performance.

In essence, programming languages are fundamental to all areas of computer


science, shaping the way humans interact with technology and drive innovation
in computing systems.

The evolution of programming language:


The history of programming languages spans from documentation of early mechanical
computers to modern tools for software development. We can divide the history of programming
language into several phases:

1. Early Era : Machine and assembly Languages(1940-1950s):


Machine Language: The first programs were written in binary code (1s and 0s) specific to the
hardware.
Assembly Language: Introduced symbolic representations (e.g., ADD, SUB) to replace binary
instructions.
1949:
Short Code: An early interpreted language for electronic computers, written by John Mauchly.
2. First High-Level Languages (1950s):
1957:
FORTRAN (Formula Translation): Created by IBM for scientific and engineering applications.
1958:
LISP (List Processing): Developed by John McCarthy for artificial intelligence research.
1959:
COBOL (Common Business Oriented Language): Designed for business applications and data
processing.
3. Structured Programming and General-Purpose Languages (1960s-1970s):
1960:
ALGOL (Algorithmic Language): Introduced block structure and influenced modern languages
like C and Pascal.
1964:
BASIC (Beginner’s All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code): Simplified programming for
education and non-specialists.
1970:
Pascal: Designed by Niklaus Wirth to encourage structured programming practices.
1972:
C: Developed by Dennis Ritchie at Bell Labs; became the foundation of many later languages.
4. Rise of Object-Oriented Programming (1980s) :
1980:
Smalltalk: Pioneered object-oriented programming (OOP) concepts like encapsulation and
inheritance.
1983:
C++: Extended C with object-oriented features, designed by Bjarne Stroustrup.
1984:
Objective-C: Combined C with object-oriented concepts inspired by Smalltalk.
5. Internet and Scripting Languages (1990s)

1991:
Python: Created by Guido van Rossum, emphasizing simplicity and readability.

Visual Basic: Microsoft’s programming language for Windows-based applications.

1995:

Java: Developed by Sun Microsystems for cross-platform applications.

JavaScript: Designed by Brendan Eich for dynamic web content.

PHP: Created by Rasmus Lerdorf for web development.

Ruby: Focused on simplicity and developer productivity.

6. Modern Era and Specialized Languages (2000s-Present)


2000:
C#: Microsoft’s object-oriented programming language for the .NET framework.
2010:
Rust: Developed by Mozilla, focusing on performance and memory safety.
2014:
Swift: Introduced by Apple as a modern, safe alternative to Objective-C for iOS and macOS
development.
2020s:
Languages like Julia for high-performance numerical computing and Go for cloud computing
have gained popularity.

The History of Python:


Python is a high-level, interpreted programming language created by Guido van Rossum in the late
1980s and first released in 1991. Inspired by the ABC language, Python was designed to emphasize
readability, simplicity, and ease of use.

 Python 0.9.0 (1991) marked its first public release, with core features like exception handling
and modules.

 Python 2.0 (2000) introduced features like list comprehensions and garbage collection,
becoming the dominant version for the next decade.

 Python 3.0 (2008) was a major overhaul that introduced backward-incompatible changes to fix
design flaws. While controversial at first, Python 3 gained widespread adoption, especially with
the advent of Python 3.6 and later versions, which added features like f-strings, type hinting,
and async/await support.
 Python 2.7, the final version of Python 2, was officially supported until 2020, after which Python
2 reached its end of life.

In the 2010s and beyond, Python became the go-to language for data science, AI, web development,
and automation due to its simplicity, vast ecosystem of libraries, and strong community. Today,
Python is one of the most popular and versatile programming languages worldwide.
Chapter-02
Basic Python Programming
Some basic and primary program in python given below:

1.Hello world program:


print('hello world')
output:

hello world

2.Adding two numbers:


num1=float(input("enter the num1:"))
num2=float(input("enter the num2: "))
sum_result=num1+num1
print(f"{num1}+{num2}={sum_result}")
output:

enter the num1:5

enter the num2: 3

5.0+3.0=10.0

3. Check if a number odd or even:


number=int(input('enter a number: '))
if number % 2==0:
print(f"{number} is Even.")
else:
print(f"{number} is Odd.")
output:

enter a number: 5

5 is Odd.

4. Find the factorial of number:


num=int(input("enter a number:"))
factorial=1
if num<0:
print("factorial does not exist for the negative numbers.")
elif num==0:
print("the factorial number 0 is 1.")
else:
for i in range(1,num+1):
factorial=factorial*i
print(f"{num}!={factorial}")
output:

enter a number:5

5!=120

5. Find prime number in a range:


start=int(input("enter start of range:"))
end=int(input("enter end of range: "))
print(f"prime number between {start} and {end}:")
for num in range(start,end+1):
if num>1:
for i in range(2,int(num**0.5)+1):
if num%i==0:
break
else:
print(num)
output:

enter start of range:1

enter end of range: 10

prime number between 1 and 10:

6.Reverse a string:
text=input("enter a string")
reversed_text=text[::-1]
print(f"reversed string:{reversed_text}")
output:

enter a string i am maisha

reversed string:ahsiam ma i

7.Find the largest number in a list:


num=[12,52,21,63,32,73]
largest_num=max(num)
print(f'the largest number is {largest_num}')
output:

the largest number is 73

These programs cover basic Python concepts like input and output, loops, conditionals, functions and
lists.

You might also like