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Dc Machine

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stephen.edwin.2006
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8 views

Dc Machine

Uploaded by

stephen.edwin.2006
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DC MACHINE

Working of DC Machine

A magnetic field arises in the air gap when the field coil of the DC motor is energised. The created magnetic field is in
the direction of the radii of the armature. The magnetic field enters the armature from the North pole side of the
field coil and “exits” the armature from the field coil’s South pole side.

The conductors located on the other pole are subjected to a force of the same intensity but in the opposite direction.
These two opposing forces create a torque that causes the motor armature to rotate.

Working principle of DC motor


When kept in a magnetic field, a current-carrying conductor gains torque and develops a tendency to move. In short,
when electric fields and magnetic fields interact, a mechanical force arises. This is the principle on which the DC
motors work.

Types of DC motor
DC motors have a wide range of applications ranging from electric shavers to automobiles. To cater to this wide range
of applications, they are classified into different types based on the field winding connections to the armature as:

 Self Excited DC Motor

 Separately Excited DC Motor

Now, let us discuss the various types of DC Motors in detail.

Self Excited DC Motor


In self-excited DC motors, the field winding is connected either in series or parallel to the armature winding. Based
on this, the self-excited DC motor can further be classified as:

 Shunt wound DC motor

 Series wound DC motor

 Compound wound DC motor

Shunt wound DC motor

In a shunt wound motor, the field winding is connected parallel to the armature as shown in the figure.

Series wound DC motor

In a series wound DC motor, the field winding is connected in series with the armature winding as shown in the
figure.

Compound wound DC motor


DC motors having both shunt and series field winding is known as Compound DC motor, as shown in the figure. The
compound motor is further divided into:

 Cumulative Compound Motor

 Differential Compound Motor

In a cumulative compound motor, the magnetic flux produced by both the windings is in the same direction. In a
differential compound motor, the flux produced by the series field windings is opposite to the flux produced by the
shunt field winding.

Separately Excited DC Motor

In a separately excited DC motor, the field coils are energised from an external source of DC supply as shown in the
figure.

Brushed DC Motor vs Brushless DC Motor


A brushless DC motor, also known as synchronous DC motor, unlike brushed DC motors, do not have a commutator.
The commutator in a brushless DC motor is replaced by an electronic servomechanism that can detect and adjust the
angle of the rotor.

A brushed DC motor features a commutator that reverses the current every half cycle and creates single direction
torque. While brushed DC motors remain popular, many have been phased out for more efficient brushless models in
recent years.

Applications of DC Motor
The applications of different types of DC motors are listed below:

Shunt DC Motors
Owing to the fairly constant speed and medium starting torque of shunt DC motors, they are used in the following
applications:

1. Centrifugal and reciprocating pumps

2. Lathe machines

3. Blowers and Fans

4. Drilling machines

5. Milling machines

6. Machine tools

Series DC Motors
Owing to the high starting torque and variable speed of series DC motors, they are used in the following applications:

 Conveyors

 Hoists, Elevators
 Cranes

 Electric Locomotives

Cumulative Compound DC motors


Owing to the high starting torque of cumulative compound DC motors, they are used in the following applications:

 Shears

 Heavy Planers

 Rolling mills

 Elevators

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