Scribd
Upload
22 views2 pages

Multiple Xing

Uploaded by

2648manna
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
22 views2 pages

Multiple Xing

Uploaded by

2648manna
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 2

INTRODUCTION: Multiplexing is a technique by which different analog and digital streams of

transmission can be simultaneously processed over a shared link. Multiplexing divides the high capacity
medium into low capacity logical medium which is then shared by different streams.

Communication is possible over the air (radio frequency), using a physical media (cable), and light
(optical fiber). All mediums are capable of multiplexing.

When multiple senders try to send over a single medium, a device called Multiplexer divides
the physical channel and allocates one to each. On the other end of communication, a De-
multiplexer receives data from a single medium, identifies each, and sends to different
receivers.

Frequency Division Multiplexing:


When the carrier is frequency, FDM is used. FDM is an analog technology. FDM divides the spectrum
or carrier bandwidth in logical channels and allocates one user to each channel. Each user can use the
channel frequency independently and has exclusive access of it. All channels are divided in such a way
that they do not overlap with each other. Channels are separated by guard bands. Guard band is a
frequency which is not used
by either channel.

Time Division Multiplexing:

TDM is applied primarily on digital signals but can be applied on analog signals as well. In TDM the
shared channel is divided among its user by means of time slot. Each user can transmit data within the
provided time slot only. Digital signals are divided in frames, equivalent to time slot i.e. frame of an
optimal size which can be transmitted in given time slot.

TDM works in synchronized mode. Both ends, i.e. Multiplexer and De-multiplexer are timely
synchronized and both switch to next channel simultaneously.

When channel A transmits its frame at one end,the De-multiplexer provides media to channel A on the
other end.As soon as the channel A’s time slot expires, this side switches to channel B. On the other
end, the De-multiplexer works in a synchronized manner and provides media to channel B. Signals
from different channels travel the path in interleaved manner.
Wavelength Division Multiplexing

Light has different wavelength (colors). In fiber optic mode, multiple optical carrier signals are
multiplexed into an optical fiber by using different wavelengths. This is an analog multiplexing
technique and is done conceptually in the same manner as FDM but uses light as signals.

Further, on each wavelength time division multiplexing can be incorporated to accommodate more
data signals.

Code Division Multiplexing

Multiple data signals can be transmitted over a single frequency by using Code Division Multiplexing.
FDM divides the frequency in smaller channels but CDM allows its users to full bandwidth and
transmit signals all the time using a unique code. CDM uses orthogonal codes to spread signals.

Each station is assigned with a unique code, called chip. Signals travel with these codes independently,
inside the whole bandwidth.The receiver knows in advance the chip code signal it has to receive.

You might also like