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26 views3 pages

HW 1

Uploaded by

JOEL FERNANDEZ
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© © All Rights Reserved
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EE359, Wireless Communications, Fall 2017

Homework 1: Due 4pm on Friday, October 6

Please refer to the homework page on the website (ee359.stanford.edu/homework) for guidelines.

1. (20 pts) Exploring the two-ray propagation model (Problems 2-3, 2-4): Consider Eq. 2.13 of
textbook p p
x + x0 − l = (ht + hr )2 + d2 − (ht − hr )2 + d2 .
Assume that Gr = 1, Gl = 1, R = −1.

(a) (10 pts) Show how a Taylor series approximation results in the following (Eq. 2.14):

2π(x + x0 − l) 4πht hr
∆φ = ≈
λ λd
(b) (10 pts) For the two-ray model, derive an approximate expression for the distance values below
the critical distance dc at which signal nulls occur.

2. (15 pts) Narrowband approximation in 2 ray model: In this problem we examine the validity of
the narrowband approximation in the two ray model. Consider the received signal for the 2 ray model
(Equation 2.11), where u(t) = ej2πfs t , Gl = Gr = 1, d = 10 km, ht = hr = 50 m.

(a) (5 pts) Compute the delay spread τ . Assuming distance d is uncertain within ±1%, what range
does the delay spread lie in? (need not be exact, you can see this from a plot or by evaluating at
some points)
(b) (10 pts) Compute the phase difference ∆φ between the signal components in the following cases:
1
i. fs = m where m is the mid point of the range identified above
1
ii. fs = 2m
1
iii. fs = 100m
In which of the above cases does the approximation u(t) ≈ u(t − τ ) hold best (why)?
Hint: Phase “wraps” around at 2π and its integral multiples so the phase angles found in this
problem should be reduced to lie in the range (−π, π].

3. (15 pts) Ten-ray path loss model (Problems 2-9, 2-10): Consider the ten-ray model described in
Section 2.4.2 of the text.
(a) (5 pts) What average power falloff with distance do you expect for the ten-ray model? Why?
(b) (10 pts) For the ten-ray model, assume that the transmitter and receiver are at the same height
in the middle of a street of width 20 m. The transmitter-receiver separation is 500 m. The
transmitter is very close to the street (i.e. the height is very low). Find the delay spread for this
model.
4. (20 pts) Estimating path loss parameters (Problem 2-18): Table 1 lists a set of empirical path loss
measurements. Assume d0 = 1 m, and fc = 900 MHz.

1
(a) (10 pts) Find the parameters of a simplified path-loss model plus log-normal shadowing that best
fit this data.
Hint: The simplified path-loss model has two parameters that must be estimated based on the
provided data: K and γ. Additionally, you must estimate the shadow-fading variance: σφdB .
(b) (5 pts) Find the path loss at 2 km based on this model.
(c) (5 pts) Find the outage probability at a distance d assuming the received power at d due to path
loss alone is 10 dB above the required power for non-outage.

Table 1: Empirical measurements


Distance from transmitter (m) PPrt (in dB)
5 -60
25 -80
65 -105
110 -115
400 -135
1000 -150

5. (15 pts) Determining Cell Size (Problem 2-19) Consider a cellular system operating at 900 MHz
where propagation follows free space path loss with variations about this path from log-normal shad-
owing with σ = 6 dB. Suppose that for acceptable voice quality a signal-to-noise power ratio of 15 dB
is required at the mobile. Assume the base station transmits at 1 W and its antenna has a 3 dB gain.
There is no antenna gain at the mobile and the receiver noise in the bandwidth of interest is −40 dBm.
Find the maximum cell size so that a mobile on the cell boundary will have acceptable voice quality
90% of the time.
6. (15 pts) Path loss with mmWave Consider a wireless link operating outdoors over 200m in the
mmWave communication band. We consider the simplified path loss model with a path loss exponent
γ = 2 and reference distance for antenna far field d0 = 1m. Without any additional attenuation caused
by atmospheric and rain conditions, K = 1. As described by Ostrometzky and Messer 1 , attenuation
due to rain is given by
Krain = 0.95R0.77 ,
where Krain is the rain attenuation in dB per km and R is the rain-rate in mm/Hr. Fig. 1 on the next
page from Rappaport et al 2 , displays atmospheric attenuation.

(a) (5 pts) What is the received signal power due to path loss and oxygen absorption when com-
munication occurs at 60 and 80 GHz bands assuming there is no rain? The transmit power is
1W .
(b) (10 pts) Consider now only the 80 GHz link. Assume a day where it is dry at 8 am, there is a
heavy drizzle of 2.5mm/Hr at 12 pm and a heavy downpour of 50mm/Hr at 5 pm. What is the
required transmit power at 8 am, 12 pm and 5 pm if we desire a received signal power of −50dBm
at each of these time instances.

1 Ostrometzky, Jonatan, and Hagit Messer. “Accumulated rainfall estimation using maximum attenuation of microwave

radio signal.” Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing Workshop (SAM), 2014 IEEE 8th. IEEE, 2014.
2 Rappaport, Theodore S., et al. “Millimeter wave mobile communications for 5G cellular: It will work!.” Access, IEEE 1

(2013): 335-349.

2
Figure 1: Atmospheric attenuation for question 6.

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