MAPÚA UNIVERSITY

School of Civil, Environmental, and Geological Engineering

658 Muralla St, Intramuros, Manila, Philippines

FIELD WORK NO.5:

DIFFERENTIAL LEVELING WITH TURNING POINTS

COURSE AND SECTION:

CE120-04F | A71

Submitted by:

Name: Aquino, Dominic Bien M. Student No.: 2021104717

Date of Fieldwork: Sept. 06, 2022 Group No. 5

Date of Submission: Sept. 13, 2022 Chief of Party: Raro, John Matthew

Submitted to:

Professor: Engr. Bienvenido Cervantes GRADE

1
 FINAL DATA SHEET

FIELDWORK 5: DIFFERENTIAL LEVELING WITH TURNING POINTS

DATE: SEPT 06 2022 GROUP NO. 5

TIME: 7:30 - 12:00 NN LOCATION: MAPUA UNIVERSITY

WEATHER: SUNNY PROFESSOR: BIENVENIDO CERVANTES

STATION BS HI FS ELEVATIO REMARKS

(m) (m) (m) N (m)

BM-1 138.30 Beside Gate 2

1.50 139.80

TP1 L 1.51 139.87 1.44 138.36

TP1 H 1.51 139.92 1.46 138.41

TP2 L 1.45 139.83 1.54 138.38

TP2 H 1.51 139.89 1.45 138.38

TP3 L 1.50 139.93 1.46 138.43

TP3 H 1.50 139.97 1.46 138.47

TP4 L 1.52 140.04 1.45 138.52

TP4 H 1.54 140.09 1.49 138.55

TP5 L 1.50 140.10 1.49 138.60

TP5 H 1.46 140.05 1.51 138.59

2
 TP1 L 1.46 139.99 1.52 138.53

Near Mapua Entrance

BM-2L 1.54 138.45

BM-2H

B. COMPUTATIONS:

𝐻. 𝐼. = 𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑑 𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 + 𝐵. 𝑆.

𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 𝐻. 𝐼. – 𝐹. 𝑆

H.I. = ELEVATION + B.S

H.I. = 138.30 m + 1.50 m

H.I. = 139.80 m

ELEVATION = H.I. – F.S.

ELEVATION = 139.80 m – 1.44m

ELEVATION = 138.36 m

OBJECTIVES:

1. To develop the skills in determining the difference in elevation between two points without
the need of returning the circuit to the original point of reference by using two observation
points every time BS and FS are taken.
2. To master the art of using the precise level during fieldwork.
3. To acquire the confidence of working with one’s party or group and to be fully responsible
in the performance of the assigned task.

3
ORGANIZATION OF PARTY:

1. Chief of Party (COP) – Raro, John Matthew

2. 1 rod man – Aquino, Dominic Bien
3. 1 Instrument man – Millamina, Mervin Anthony
4. 1 Recorder – Mahor, Jenine Faye

PROCEDURE:

A. Determination of the difference in elevation between two points, which are at a considerable
distance from each other.

1. The professor designates the locations of two benchmarks BM-1 and BM-2, which is about
300m-500m away from each other and of considerable difference in elevation.

2. Set-up the level on a suitable location and take the BS of BM-1 (point of known elevation)
while the rod man is holding the level exactly at BM1. Compute the height of the instrument
by using the formula: HI = Elev  of  the  po int  +BS .

3. The rod man now transfers to another location, preferably the same distance of the BM-1
to the instrument as the distance of the first turning points (namely TP1L and TP1H) to the
instrument.

4. The rod man must mark two points on this location and call them TP1L and TP1H with a
chalk or marking pin. Preferably, these two points must be of considerable difference in
elevation but quite near each other.

5. The instrument must take two FS’s one on each TP1L and TP1H and record the readings
on the computation sheet provided for in this fieldwork.

6. Compute the elevations of these TP1L and TP1H using the formula:
Elev  TP1L = HI − FS  of  TP1 L and Elev  TP1H = HI − FS  of  TP1 H . Record the results in

the computation sheet.

7. The instrument man must now transfer the level pass of the two TP1 and along the route
to BM-2.

4
 8. After leveling the instrument firmly, two BS’s must be taken, one on each TP1L and TP2H.
Record these readings.

9. Compute the new height of the instrument on its current location by basing it from the two
turning points. Use these formulas: HI = Elev  of  the  TP1L  +BS  of  TP1L and

HI = Elev  of  the  TP1H  +BS  of  TP1H these two computed values of HI must be very near

each other.

10. Again, the rod man transfers to another location, along the same route preferably the
same distance of the instrument from TP1’s, and should now call them TP2’s.

11. The instrument man gets two FS’s one on each TP2L and TP2H and records these rod
readings on the computation sheet.

12. Compute the elevations of these TP2L and TP2H using the same previous formulas.

13. These steps must be followed closely until the leveling work will reach BM-2. Two
foresights will be recorded for BM-2 and two independent elevations of BM-2 will be
computed. However, these elevations of BM-2 must be very near each other. The mean of
the two elevations will be considered the most probable elevation of BM-2.

EQUIPMENTS:

● Range pole - a survey instrument that is used for spotting and marking the position of
survey stations.
● Chalk - a tool used to write or leave marks at a certain surface.
● Leveling Rod - a leveling instrument to determine the difference in height between points
or heights of points above a vertical datum.
● Precise Level - an instrument designed specifically for obtaining precise results by direct
leveling techniques.
● Meter tape - a kind of hand instrument commonly used for measuring size or distance. It
resembles a longer, flexible ruler and has a case, a thumb lock, a blade or tape, a hook,
and occasionally a belt clip.
● Plumb bob - a pointed weight attached to the end of the string and is used to find a vertical
reference line.

5
Discussion:

The vertical distance between two points is called the difference in elevation, which is
similar to what you have learned as the difference in height. The process of measuring differences
in elevation is called leveling, and is a basic operation in topographical surveys.

A backsight (BS) is a sight taken with the

level to a point X of known elevation E(X), so that
the height of the instrument HI can be found. A
backsight in direct leveling is usually taken in a
backward direction, but not always. Backsights
are also called plus sights (+ S), because you
must always add them to a known elevation to
find HI.

A foresight FS is also a sight taken with

the level, but it can be on any point Y of the sight
line where you have to determine the elevation
E(Y). You will usually take it in a forward
direction, but not always. Foresights are also
called minus sights (-S), because they are
always subtracted from HI to obtain the elevation
E of the point

An optical level is an instrument used to

establish or verify points in the same horizontal
plane. It is used in surveying and building to
measure height differences and to transfer, measure
and set heights. These levels are robust and
reliable, ideal for outdoor use.

The elevation of a particular place can also

help predict and prevent disasters such as flooding.
Humans adapt to their environment, as some are
adapted to higher elevations while others are
adapted to low elevations. The elevation is used to determine the center of gravity and the type
of materials to be used.

6
Conclusion:

This activity enhanced the skills of the students in getting the vertical distance of a certain
inaccessible point using a single vertical plane and using two planes, horizontal and vertical by
making use of the instruments needed in a proper way. The researchers also applied the
knowledge they have learned in the analysis of right triangles in determining the height of a remote
point. And with the use of the instruments provided by the school, the researchers learned how
to identify the vertical angle of a transit. And with all the proper methods discussed by the
professor and with the help of the surveying instruments, the researchers are confident enough
working with each other as a group to complete this activity.

Recommendation

To eliminate any potential error, make sure that the measuring tape is absolutely
perpendicular to the ground before taking the measurement. Using a plumb bob to make sure the
measuring tape is parallel to the ground is also suggested. The readings may be inaccurately
reported if the sighting is obstructed. For the reading to be accurately recorded, the leveling rod
needs to be perpendicular. We also recommend that you work as one for this experiment since
everyone must accomplish their assigned responsibilities in order to finish the fieldwork on time.

7
 Preliminary Data Sheet

FIELD WORK PEER ASSESSMENT

COURSE: CE102-04F SECTION: A71

FIELD WORK: PROFILE LEVELING GROUP NO. 5

GROUP MEMBERS
SCORE
1. JOHN MATTHEW RARO 20

CRITERIA EXCELLENT VERY GOOD LIMITED POOR MEMBERS

(4) (3) (2) (1)

1 2 3 4

TIME ELEMENT Arrives on Time Arrives within the Late for almost Late for 4 4 4 4
grace period of 15 30 minutes more than
minutes 30 minutes

PREPAREDNESS Knows what Performs only with Needs further Does not 4 4 4 4
exactly is to be in the procedure explanation know what
the field to be done

COOPERATIVENESS Performs Performs only Limited in Does not 4 4 4 4

assigned task well assigned task performing want to help
and is willing to assigned task at all
help group mates

ACCURACY Computes the Computes for Computes for Fails to 4 4 4 4

required value required value with required value compute the
accurately and in little assistance with some required
such a short time. assistance value

OVERALL Performs Performs the Performs Doing 4 4 4 4

CONTRIBUTION ON efficiently a very important task secondary load Nothing
THE GROUP WORK important task assigned assigned
assigned

EVALUATOR’S NAME/SIGNATURE:
Dominic Bien M. Aquino