Homework 4 Solutions

EE 454 Power System Analysis

Due Oct 28th at 11:59pm. Submit to
https://canvas.uw.edu/courses/1396999/assignments/5809556

Problem 1. Consider the overhead line configuration shown in Fig. 1. The system fre-
quency is 60 Hz. Lines are transposed to maintain balanced three-phase operation. All
conductors have a diameter of 0.5 in. Calculate the inductive reactance of this line in
ohms/mile for a single phase.

Figure 1: Figure for problem 1.

0.5
r0 = e−1/4 r = e−1/4 = 0.0162
2 × 12
√
D1 = D2 = 122 + 402 = 41.76
D3 = 80f t
p √
Dm = 3 D1 × D2 × D3 = 3 41.76 × 41.76 × 80 = 51.86f t
µ0 Dm 51.86
L= ln 0 = 2 × 10−7 ln = 1.614 × 10−6 H/m
2π r 0.0162
1m Ω
X = 2π(60)L = 2π(60)(1.614 × 10−6 ) = 0.979
0.00062miles miles

Problem 2. Consider the bundled overhead line configuration shown in Fig. 2. The system
frequency is 60 Hz. Lines are transposed to maintain balanced three-phase operation. All
conductors have a diameter of 0.5 in. Within a bundle, the conductors are arranged as
an equilateral triangle, and the distance between them is 10 in. Calculate the inductive
reactance of this line in ohms/mile for a single phase.

1
 Figure 2: Figure for problem 2.

µ0 Dm
L= ln 0
2π r r
p 10 10
r0 = r0 × d12 × d13 = 0.0162 ×
3 3
× = 0.22ft
12 12

Then we get the same calculation for Dm as in Problem 1: Dm = 51.86f t

51.86
L = 2 × 10−7 ln = 1.08 × 10−6 H/m
0.22
1m Ω
X = 2π(60)L = 2π(60)(1.08 × 10−6 ) = j0.66
0.00062miles mile

Problem 3. A 230-kV, 60-Hz, three-phase completely transposed overhead line has one
conductor per phase and flat horizontal phase spacing, with 8 m between adjacent conductors.
Each conductor has a radius of 10 mm. Determine the inductance in H/m and the inductive
reactance in Ω/km.
√
Dm = 3 8 × 8 × 16 = 10.079m
r0 = e−1/4 0.01 = 0.0078m

 
−7 10.079
Li = 2 × 10 ln = 1.433 × 10−6 H/m
0.0078
Ω 1000m
X1 = 2π(60)L1 = 2π(60)1.433 × 10−6 × = 0.54Ω/km
m 1km

Problem 4. Calculate the capacitance-to-neutral in F/m and the admittance-to-neutral in

S/km for the three-phase line in Problem 3. Also calculate the line-charging current in kA/
phase if the line is 100 km in length and is operated at 230 kV. Neglect the effect of the
earth plane.

2
 2π0 2π(8.854 × 10−12 )
Cl = = = 8.044 × 10−12 F/m
ln D 10.079



Γ
ln 0.01

Yl = jωCl = j(2π60)(8.044 × 10−12 )(1000) = 3.03 × 10−9 S/km

VLL 230
VLN = √ = √ = 132.79kV
3 3
Ich = Yl × (length of line) × VLN = 3.03 × 10−9 × 100 × 132.79 = 4.02 × 10−2 kA

Problem 5. A 400-km, 230-kV, 60-Hz three-phase line has a series impedance z = 0.1 +
j0.5Ω/km and shunt admittance y = j33.3 × 10−6 S/km. Find the parameters in the equiv-
alent π model (i.e., the Z 0 and Y 0 values).

√
γ= zy, z = R + jωL Ω/m, y = G + jωC S/m
Z 0 = Zc sinh(γl) = zlF1
Z 0 = z × 400km × F1
sinh(γl)
F1 =
γl
p
γ= (0.1 + j0.5)(j33.3 × 10−6 ) = 0.00041 + j0.0041
γl = (0.00041 + j0.0041) × 400 = 0.164 + j1.64
−0.011 + 1.011
F1 = = 0.6097 + j0.0679
0.164 + j1.64

Z 0 = (0.1 + j0.5)(400)(0.6097 + j0.0679) = 10.8 + 124.7j

Now to find Y 0 :

Y0
 
yl tanh(γl/2)
=
2 2 γl/2
yl (j33.3 × 10−6 )(400)
= = 0.0067j
2 2
γl/2 = 0.082 + j0.82
tanh(γl/2) = 0.174 + 1.056j
0
Y 0.174 + j1.056
= (0.0067j) = 0.00056 + 0.0087j
2 0.082 + j0.82
Y 0 = 0.0011 + 0.017j

3
Problem 6. A 25 km, 60 Hz three-phase line has a series impedance of z = 0.19 +
j0.34Ω/km. The load at the receiving end absorbs 9 MW+j2 MVar at 33 kV. Assuming a
short line, find the sending end voltage.

A short line transmission line can be represented as shown in Figure 3 (Also figure 5.2
in the textbook):

Figure 3: Short Transmission Line

VS = VR + ZIR
33kV
VR = √ = 19.053
3
Z = zl = (0.19 + j0.34)(25) = 4.75 + j8.5Ω
9 + j2 2
SR = = 3 + jM V A
3 3
2
SR ∗ 3 − 3
j
IR = = = 157.46 − 34.99A
VR ∗ 19.053 × 10−3
VS = 19, 053 + (4.75 + j8.5)(157.46 − j34.99) = 20.098 + j1.172 = 20.13∠3.34◦ kV

VS is the line-to-neutral voltage

Problem 7. In the class we ignored the impact of the earth on the shunt conductance of
the lines. If we were to include the effect of the earth plane, would the conductance be larger
or smaller? Give a short, intuitive explanation.

The effect of the earth plane is to slightly increase the capacitance and therefore increases
the shunt conductance of the lines. The earth plane acts as a conducting sheet which causes
an electric field to form between the lines and the earth plane and therefore a capacitance.
This capacitance from the earth plane however is very small and therefore often negligible.