ASIA PACIFIC COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ARTS

Manzano St. Pob. Norte Rizal, Nueva Ecija

Telefax. (044) 951- 4400
email: [email protected]
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

Technology for Teaching and Learning II

COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS, THE INTERNET,

AND THE WORLD WIDE WEB

BULACAN, CARISMA JOY

DIONES, AISLE MILLICENT
ENRIQUEZ, QUEEN KYLA
MAON, CHRISTIAN
PADUA, JANELLA MAE
Group 2 Reporters
BTVTED 2nd year

School Year 2024-2025

WHAT IS COMMUNICATIONS
● A process in which two or more computers or devices transfer data, instructions, and
information.
● Sometimes called telecommunications.
● Electronic mail (e-mail)
● Voice mail
● Fax (facsimile)
● Telecommuting
● Online services
● Video conferencing
● Internet
● World wide web

COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS
Basic communications system
● Two computers, one to send and one to receive data.
● Communications devices that send and receive data.
● A communications channel over which data is sent.

Communications channel
● Transmissions media
● Twisted-pair cable

Local Area Networks (LAN)

● Covers limited geographical area
● Server manages resources

Wide Area Networks (WAN)

● Covers large geographical area
● Can consist of several LAns

INTERNET
● Internet is the global system of interconnected computer networks that uses the Internet
protocol suite (TCP/IP) to communicate between networks and devices.
● It is a network of networks that consists of private, public, academic, business, and
government networks of local to global scope.
● A Network can consist of two or more computers connected together by a medium such
that they are able to share resources or information.
● Resources include files, Printers, Hard-drives among others

History of Internet
● Was formed in the 1960s by the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD).
● Major research project authorized as a part of national security.
● Explored ways to connect large mainframe computers and weapons installations
distributed all over the world.
● Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) charged with the task
● DARPA researchers connected first computer switches in 1969
 ● ARPANET grew over the next three years to include over 20 computers.
● Established in 1969, ARPANET served as a testbed for new networking technologies,
linking many universities and research centers.

INTERNET TOOLS AND SERVICES

1. File Transfer Protocol (FTP) - is an Internet standard that allows users to upload and
download files with other computers on the Internet.
2. Electronic Mail (E-mail) is the transmission of digital messages and files to and from other
computers via the Internet.
3. Gopher is a TCP/IP application layer protocol designed for distributing, searching, and
retrieving documents over the Internet.
4. Usenet is a worldwide distributed Internet discussion system.
5. Telnet is the way that users can access someone else's computer, assuming they have given
permission.
6. Wide Area Information Servers (WAIS) is an Internet system in which specialized subject
databases are created at multiple server locations, kept track of by a directory of servers at one
location, and made accessible for searching by users with WAIS client programs.
7. Internet Service Providers (ISPs) is a business that has a permanent Internet connection and
provides temporary connections to individuals and companies for free or for a fee.
● Regionali ISPS
● National ISPS
8. Wireless Service Providers (WSPs) is a company that provides wireless Internet access to
users with wireless modems or Web-enabled handheld computers or devices.

WORLD WIDE WEB

World Wide Web (WWW) is the part of the Internet which is a system of interlinked
hypertext documents accessed via the Internet that supports multimedial.
● The World Wide Web (WWW), commonly known as the Web, is an information system
enabling documents and other web resources to be accessed over the Internet.
● Documents and downloadable media are made available to the network through web
servers and can be accessed by programs such as web browsers.
● Servers and resources on the World Wide Web are identified and located through
character strings called uniform resource locators (URLs).
● It was developed at the European Center for Nuclear Research (CERN) in Geneva from a
proposal by Tim Berners-Lee in 1989.
● It was created to share information on nuclear physics
● Each of this electronic documents on the web is called webpage, which contains text,
graphics, sound, and video, as well as built in connections to other documents.

The Web vs. The Internet

● The World Wide Web (The Web) is only a portion of what makes up the internet, but it
is the fastest growing part of the internet.
● The Web lets people, organizations and companies publish information for other people
to see.
● This makes the Web a very useful tool for finding information on just about any topic.
 - The World Wide Web (WWW): Is a collection of internet resources such as;
○ Hyperlinked text,
○ audio, and video files,
○ File transfer protocol (FTP),
○ and remote sites that can be accessed and searched by browsers based on
standards such as Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) andTransmission Control
Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP).

- Internet is
● Massive network of networks.
● Use various protocols such as
○ SMTP: Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
○ FTP:File Transfer Protocol
○ TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol)

TCP/IP
● TCP/IP : is the basic communication protocol of the Internet. It is used as a
communication protocol in a private network (either an intranet or an extranet).
● TCP/IP is a two-layer program.
● The higher layer (TCP), manages the assembling of a message or file into smaller
packets that are transmitted over the Internet and received by a TCP layer that
reassembles the packets into the original message.
● The lower layer (IP), handles the address part of each packet so that it gets to the right
destination. Each gateway computer on the network checks this address to see where to
forward the message.

FTP and HTTP

● FTP: is a standard network protocol used to transfer files from one host to another over a
TCP-based network, such as the Internet.
● OR FTP is a protocol through which internet users can upload files from their computers
to a website or download files from a website to their PCs.
● HTTP : The communications protocol used to connect to Web servers on the Internet or
on a local network (intranet). HTTP is the foundation of data communication for WWW.

IP address
● Internet Protocol (IP) address: uniquely identifies a computer on the network.
● It is a 32-bit binary number that is divided into 4 groups of 8 bits known as octets.
● 131.123.35.4 IP address can be either Dynamic/static

Internet Protocol Address (IP address)

● Like every home in the real world has his own address, every computer in the Internet
has its own address - an IP address
● An IP address is 32 bits wide and by convention, it is expressed as four decimal numbers
separated by periods, such as “131.123.35.4” representing the decimal value of each of
the four bytes
 ● IP address can be either Dynamic/static

Internet Service Provider

● ISP (Internet service provider )
○ Internet service provider is a company that provides the connections and support
to access the internet.
○ ISP can be National, regional or local companies.
● Choosing an ISP - Factors to consider:
○ Cost, Internet upgrades, Bandwidth and network capacity of ISP, Customer
service, Reliability(How long has it been in business and how many satisfied
clients do they have? ), Local access numbers etc.

Components of world wide web

● Web browsers
● Web Servers
● Web pages
● URLs
● HTTP
● HTTPS

Navigating the Web: Web Browsers

● Computer software used to view information on the world wide web.
● Graphical
● Enables Web navigation
● Popular browsers:
● Google chrome
● Internet Explorer
● Netscape Navigator
● Mozilla firefox

Browser Toolbars
Web Server
● A web server is a server located on the internet that holds website’s web pages.
● The web browser communicates to the web server to retrieve the information.
● This communication uses one of 2 protocols(rules):
○ HTTP
○ HTTPS

HTTPs Vs HTTP
HTTPS
● stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure.
● Messages sent between your browser and website are encrypted so other devices cannot
understand them.
● It is Secure.

HTTP:
● HTTP stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol.
● Messages sent between your browser and the website are readable to other devices.
● It is not secure.

WEB SITES
Web site:
● Collection of related Web pages
● First page known as Home or Index page

Web page:
● HTML document
● Text and graphics
● Unique address
● Hyperlinks

URL
● Uniform Resource Locator
● Unique Web page address
● Each webpage location has its own address.
 ● The Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is the document's Unique address on the WWW.
● Each URL has several parts which can be demonstrated using the address:

● The part www.nytimes.com represents the Host name.

● Pages/cartoons is the Path name to the object cartoons. Objects can be Images, audio
files, html files etc.
● Domains are groups of Computers on the same network and are a method to isolate
communications between the members in the domain and the other data traffic.

.aero Members of the air transport industry

.biz Businesses
.com Can be used by anyone
.coop Cooperative associations
.edu Degree granting institutions
.gov United States government
.info Information service providers
.mil United States military
.museum Museums
.name Individuals
.net Networking organizations
.org Organizations (often nonprofits)
.pro Credentialed professionals

Hyperlinks
● Provide access to other Web pages
● Specially coded text or graphics
● Cursor becomes a hand with finger pointing upward

Favorites and Bookmarks

● List created of favorite Web pages
● Easy method of returning to Web pages
● Internet Explorer uses Favorites
● Netscape uses Bookmarks

Search Engines
● A search engine is a website that allows you to look up information on the world wide
web.
 ● Searches for keywords
● Returns a list of Web pages
Popular search engines:
○ Google
○ Alltheweb
○ Dogpile
○ Indexer
○ Spider
○ Search engine Software
○ www.metasearch.com

Subject Directories
● Web pages organized by topics and subtopics
Popular subject directories:
○ Yahoo
○ Looksmart
○ MSN

Capabilities of the Internet

Three Main Functions
● Communicate
● Retrieve
● Shop, Buy, and Sell

Communications Capabilities
● Mailing Lists: Each mailing list has subscribers who receive messages as part of an
ongoing discussion of the list’s topic.
● Moderated: A mailing list in which the messages are first screened by an individual to
determine their suitability given the purpose of the list.
● Newsgroups: Worldwide discussion areas where notices can be posted for anyone to
view.
● Usenet or User’s Network: A system of worldwide discussion groups, not an actual
physical network.
● Netiquette: A list of simple newsgroup guidelines that keep people from making
mistakes.
● Chat Session or Internet Relay Chat (IRC): A live interactive discussion in which
parties on the network exchange ideas and observation electronically.
○ Portal: A gateway or hub site, such as Yahoo!, that provides chat rooms

● Instant Messages: A combination of real-time chat and e-mail by which short text
messages are rapidly exchanged over the Internet, with messages appearing on the
recipient's display screen immediately upon arrival.
● Internet Telephony or Voice Over the Internet or Voice over IP: Real-time voice
conversations transmitted between computers on the Internet.
● Telnet: A network capability that permits remote sign-on to any computer on the
Internet from the computer an individual is using at that time.
Retrieval Capabilities
● FTP (File Transfer Protocol): Used for transferring files containing documents or
software between computers on the Internet.
● Web Directory: A listing of Web sites and their URLs, categorized by topic.
● Keyword: A string of letters or words that indicates the subject to be searched.
● Search Engines: Software programs that look through the Web to locate sites matching
a keyword entered by the user.
● Portal: A gateway or hub on the Internet from which other sites can be visited.
○ Vertical Portal or Vortal: A Web site that specializes in providing information
related to a particular industry such as automobiles, healthcare, or investments.
○ Horizontal Portal: Provides services and links to Web sites of interest to a wide
variety of users.
● Webcasting: The prearranged delivery, or push, of information of interest to a user’s
desktop automatically.
○ Pull: To get something from a Web site by clicking on a link or entering a URL.
○ Push: The capability of a Web site for automatic Internet delivery of information,
including software updates, to a user’s desktop.
○ Channel: A Web site designed to push information to a user’s desktop.

Shop, Buy, and Sell

● Electronic Commerce/e-commerce: Conducting commercial activities on the Internet.

Web Entertainment
● Multimedia:
● Involves forms of media and text graphics, Audio, and Video.
● Streaming audio and video
● Plug-in
● Games
 REFERENCE
Anon(2023): The Internet and the World Wide
Web.https://www.uobabylon.edu.iq/eprints/publication_12_6849_1244.