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Ph12 Momentum Lab

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7 views2 pages

Ph12 Momentum Lab

Uploaded by

ahmedfawaazshaik
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Momentum Lab – Impulse on a Moving Cart

Objective: To determine the impulse given to a cart when it bounces off a wall.
Theory: Briefly describe the concepts that are prior knowledge required for the lab. This
includes definitions of any main physics terms (such as impulse) and derivation of any
equations and techniques (explain how impulse can be determined from a force vs time
graph, and from initial and final velocities).

Materials & Diagram: Draw a diagram of your setup here


 Pasco cart
 Mass balance
 Sturdy object (be specific!)
 Phone with SPARKvue app

Procedure: Write the steps followed in your procedure. Use passive voice (no I or we)
and past tense (“The mass was measured by using…”). The measurement steps will need to
be clarified, and should give a clear image to the reader of exactly how the measurement
was made. For the analysis steps of the procedure, just say “see procedure as stated in
Momentum & Energy Lab – Spring Force and Impulse on a Moving Cart handout”.
 Measure the mass of the cart using the mass balance.
 Set the cart up against a solid object so that the spring arm is touching the object.
 Connect the app to the cart and choose the 100 Hz frequency setting for data
collection.
 Press record, then press the button on top of the cart to release the spring, so that
the cart is projected towards a wall.
 Once the cart has collided with the wall, stop recording data.
 Share the data from the phone to your computer and upload it to repl.it to analyze.
 Store the values for time, velocity and horizontal acceleration, then multiply the
values for acceleration by the mass of the cart to get a list of force values.
 Plot force as a function of time, during the time that the cart was colliding with the
wall. Use a trapezoidal approximation to determine the impulse given to the cart.
Also approximate the amount of time that the impact lasted by examining the graph.
 Use the impulse and time to determine the average force from the wall on the cart.
 Plot the velocity of the cart as a function of time during the time that the cart was
colliding with the wall.
 Use 5 velocity values on either side of the impact interval to determine the initial
velocity and final velocity of the cart. Calculate the impulse given using these values.
(Use velocity values from your data - no need to read it from the graph).
Data:
Include any single measurements made as well as a table of values for your cart’s time,
velocity, acceleration and (calculated) force values. Be sure to give a sample calculation of
the force in the analysis section.

Analysis:
Include all graphs and calculations in this section. Each graph must be on its own piece of
graph paper and the data should take up at least 2/3 of the page. Slope calculations should
be done on the graph, showing the slope triangle used in the calculation. In the rest of the
calculations, clearly label each one with 2 or 3 words describing what is being calculated.
Also show any percentage error calculations (if there is an accepted value) or percentage
difference calculations (when two methods are used to obtain the same value).

Questions: Answer in complete sentences. Restate the question, do not start with yes / no!
For example, “The force on the cart was uniform because…”, not “Yes, because…”
1. Was the force on the cart from the wall uniform? How do you know? Explain.
2. Compare the values of the impulse from each method. How good was the
trapezoidal approximation in this case?

Conclusion: In paragraph form, include all of the following items.


 Start by rephrasing the objective into a one or two sentence description of what was
done in the lab, and state all major results (important values and equations found
that relate directly to the objective).
 State how well the values found agree with theoretical values, if they exist, or with
each other, if two methods are used to find the same value. Do not use subjective
words like “close”, “good”, etc. Use the percentage error or difference, and if it falls
under about 5% then it agrees (use agree or does not agree in your wording).
 State general conclusions made from analyzing the data, for example whether a
relationship between variables was found to be linear, quadratic, etc.
 State only the main sources of error (do not state any sources that would not have a
large effect compared to the others).
 Give a method that could be used to improve the procedure to reduce the main
source of error.
 Do not add in anything other than these items to the conclusion. It should not sound
like a diary entry of what you learned about life and working with people, etc. Just
the science!

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