DCD LAB MAJOR PROJECT REPORT

On
RAINWATER SENSOR
Subject Code: 29241103

Bachelor of Technology
In

Computer Science and Design

Submitted to: Submitted by:
Dr. Jaimala Jha Palash Rai
(Assistant Professor) (BTCD24O1043)
Ms. Kratika Sharma
(Assistant Professor)
Mrs. Shiva Patel
(Lab Mentor)
Department of Computer Science and Engineering

January 2025
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to all those individuals for mentoring and supporting
me in completing my project.

My teachers Prof. Kratika Sharma and Mrs. Shiva Patel for providing me with valuable insights and
direction.

To my parents, their constant encouragement, patience and understanding have been the pillars
of my success. I am grateful to my friends who contributed ideas and perspectives that enriched
the project. Thank you everyone for shaping this project and enhancing my learning experience.
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INDEX

 Apparatus
 Abstract
 Introduction
 555 timer IC
 Circuit Diagram of Project
 Circuit Diagram of 555 IC
 Working of the Circuit
 Advantages
 Result
 Conclusion
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Rainwater Sensor

Apparatus required for project:

 Breadboard

 Battery (9v)

 Connecting Wires

 555 Timer IC

 Transistor (BC 547)

 Rain Sensor

 Buzzer

 Resistors (470 ohms, 100k, 1k)

 Ceramic Capacitor (10uF)

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ABSTRACT

A rainwater detector is a device designed to sense the presence of rainfall,

typically utilizing a sensor with exposed conductive paths that change resistance
when wet, allowing it to trigger an action like activating an irrigation system,
sounding an alarm, or controlling other automated systems based on the detected
rain, ultimately aiming to optimize water usage and prevent unnecessary
watering during rain events.

Detects the presence and intensity of rainfall by measuring the change in

electrical resistance on its surface when water droplets land on it.
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INTRODUCTION

Rain Alarm Project is a simple, yet highly useful project designed to detect rain
and trigger an alarm or buzzer automatically. Water is a fundamental necessity
for life, and conserving it is crucial. This project provides an easy and effective
way to alert when it rains, allowing us to take timely actions for rainwater
harvesting and to save rainwater for future use.

By saving rainwater through harvesting techniques, we can help replenish

underground water levels using methods like underwater recharge. The rainwater
detector plays a key role by detecting rainfall and generating alerts. Its reliable
circuit can be constructed at a low cost, making it accessible and practical for
various purposes.

The rainwater detector is versatile and can be utilized in irrigation fields, home
automation, communication systems, and even automobiles. This simple yet
impactful project demonstrates how technology can contribute to sustainable
water usage and conservation.
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Rain Water Sensor

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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
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CIRCUITAL DIAGRAM OF 555 TIMER IC

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WORKING OF THE CIRCUIT

It is a very simple rain alarm circuit that is designed using mainly a transistor,
water sensor, and a 555 timer IC. Whenever there is rain, raindrops fall on the
rain sensor, and as you can see in the diagram of the rain sensor, water on the
rain sensor would short the Point A and B. As soon as Point A and B become short,
a positive voltage would get applied to the base of Transistor Q1 through the
resistance (1k). Because of the voltage at the base, the transistor becomes ON
(initially it was in the OFF state), and current starts flowing from collector to
emitter.

Now Reset PIN 4 of the 555 Timer gets a positive voltage, and the 555 timer IC
becomes ON, and the buzzer starts beeping. Here we should note that initially,
there was no positive voltage at Reset PIN 4 of the 555 IC, as it was connected to
the ground through resistance (100k), and the 555 IC only works when the Reset
pin gets positive voltage.

Here we can see that the 555 Timer IC has been configured in astable mode so
that the buzzer generates an oscillating sound (means periodically turning on and
off). This oscillation frequency can be controlled by changing the value of resistor
(470 ohms) and/or capacitor C1. Pin 5 (Control Pin) should be connected to the
ground through a 0.01µF capacitor. Resistors (1k and 100k) have been used to
control the transistor’s collector and base current, respectively.

The rain sensor should be kept at a 30-40 degree angle from the ground so that
water cannot stay on it for a long time. This will prevent the alarm from going off
for an extended duration.
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ADVANTAGES

A rainwater sensor project offers several advantages, particularly for applications

related to environmental sustainability, irrigation, and home automation. Some of
the key benefits include:

1. Water Conservation:
o A rainwater sensor can help optimize irrigation systems, ensuring that
watering is only done when necessary. By detecting rainfall, it
prevents over-watering and saves water, which is especially beneficial
in areas facing water scarcity.

2. Cost Savings:
o By automating the watering process based on rainfall data, you
reduce water consumption, leading to lower water bills, particularly
for large landscapes or agricultural fields.

3. Environmentally Friendly:
o Reducing water wastage helps in preserving water resources, making
the project an environmentally sustainable solution. It also helps
maintain healthy ecosystems by preventing excessive runoff or soil
erosion.

4. Improved Efficiency:
o Automated systems can adjust to the weather, providing the right
amount of water at the right time. This leads to better crop yields in
agriculture or healthier plants in residential and commercial
landscaping.

5. Enhanced Automation:
o Integrating a rainwater sensor with smart irrigation or home
automation systems can create a more efficient, hands-off approach to
managing resources like water. This automation helps users avoid the
hassle of manually monitoring weather conditions.
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RESULT

We constructed the circuit as per circuit diagrams. And we verified the

rainwater sensor circuit, i.e, when a water droplet comes in contact with the
rainwater sensor the buzzer within the circuit beeps and led lights glow.

CONCLUSION

The developed rainwater sensor system effectively detects the presence

of rain, providing a reliable signal to trigger automated actions such as
activating irrigation systems, closing windows, or initiating rainwater
harvesting mechanisms, thereby promoting water conservation and
minimizing unnecessary water usage, making it a valuable tool for
both domestic and agricultural applications.