‫ﺴﻲ‬

‫‪.‬‬
‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬
‫– ﻟﻴﺒﻴﺎ‬
 ‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ‬
174

[email protected]
. ‫ﺠ‬

1970 ‫ﺴﻨﺔ‬
Golden Colorado School of Mines ‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬
.
Case Western Reserve 1972
. Cleveland
Washington State University 1976
. Pullman

‫ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل‬
( ) ( )
.( )
 ‫د‪ .‬ﻋﻤﺮ زرﺗﻲ‬ ‫أﺳﺎﺳﯿﺎت و ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻘﺎت ﻟﻐﺔ ﺳﻲ‬
‫‪175‬‬

‫ﺒﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫)‬ ‫‪.‬‬

‫(‬ ‫)‬ ‫(‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫ﺘ‬
‫)‬ ‫(‬ ‫)‬
‫(‬ ‫( )‬
‫‪.‬‬

‫(‬ ‫)‬

‫‪.‬‬
 ‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ‬
‫‪176‬‬

‫‪7‬‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎب‬
‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ‬

‫اﺧﺘﺒـــﺎر اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت‬
‫‪Data Verification‬‬

‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫‪7.1‬‬
‫اﻟﻨﻮع ‪char‬‬ ‫‪7.2‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﺪﻻ ت اﻟﻨﻮع ‪ short‬و ‪long‬‬ ‫‪7.3‬‬
‫اﻟﻨﻮع اﻟﻤﻀﺎﻋﻒ ‪double‬‬ ‫‪7.4‬‬
‫اﻟﺘﺤﻮﯾﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻮع إﻟﻰ آﺧﺮ‬ ‫‪7.5‬‬
‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫‪7.6‬‬
‫ﺗﻤﺎرﯾﻦ‬ ‫‪7.7‬‬
‫ ﻋﻤﺮ زرﺗﻲ‬.‫د‬ ‫أﺳﺎﺳﯿﺎت و ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻘﺎت ﻟﻐﺔ ﺳﻲ‬
177

7.1

: .

( signed int ) .1
.
( unsigned int ) .2
.
. long .3
. short .4
. char .5
. float ( ) .6
. double .7

characters
.( ) ASCII
string
.
 ‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ‬
‫‪178‬‬

‫‪char‬‬ ‫‪7.2‬‬

‫‪x‬‬

‫} ‪{ -128 < x < 127‬‬

‫‪x‬‬

‫‪27 -1‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪127‬‬

‫‪:‬‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪.1‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪.2‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪.3‬‬

‫ﻪ‬
‫‪ .‬ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫‪127‬‬ ‫‪127‬‬
‫‪:‬‬

‫‪unsigned‬‬
 ‫ ﻋﻤﺮ زرﺗﻲ‬.‫د‬ ‫أﺳﺎﺳﯿﺎت و ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻘﺎت ﻟﻐﺔ ﺳﻲ‬
179

( ) char .( )
: unsigned
unsigned char x ;
: x

0 < x < 255

28 -1 = 255
.( ) 8
) 8
. 7 (

x < 127 ‫ﻴ‬ : ‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬

x < = 127

main()
{
char x;
for(x=-127 ; x<127; x++)
printf(" %d ",x);
}
char ( 7.2.1 )
 ‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ‬
180

. 1 126 -127
. char x
unsigned signed
. singned
‫ﻴ‬
x < 127

x < = 127
128 x
. 127 char

x = 128 ;
char x ّ
‫ﺒل‬ error massage

x = -128 ;
1 ‫ـﺔ‬
.
 ‫ ﻋﻤﺮ زرﺗﻲ‬.‫د‬ ‫أﺳﺎﺳﯿﺎت و ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻘﺎت ﻟﻐﺔ ﺳﻲ‬
181

x ‫ ( ﻤﻊ ﺘﺤــ‬7.2.1 ) ‫ـ‬ : (7.2.2) ‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬

. 254 0 ، ‫ـ‬ ،unsigned char

: ( 7.2.2 )

unsigned char x .1
. 255 ‫ ﻫﻲ‬x for
" %d " " %c " .2
. char

main()
{
unsigned char x;
for(x=0;x<=255;x++)
printf(" %d ",x);
}
unsigned char ( 7.2.2 )

char x

x = 65 ;
 ‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ‬
182

x = 'A' ;

: (7.2.3) ‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬
. 10

main()
{ unsigned char k;
printf("\n ");
for(k=32; k < 255 ; k++)
{ if(k%10==0)
{ printf("\n\n");
getch();
}
printf("%3d %c ",k,k);
}
printf("%3d %c",255,255);
}
‫ﻰ‬ ( 7.2.3 )

32 ‫ـ‬ ‫ـ‬
.( ) for
long short 7.3
 ‫ ﻋﻤﺮ زرﺗﻲ‬.‫د‬ ‫أﺳﺎﺳﯿﺎت و ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻘﺎت ﻟﻐﺔ ﺳﻲ‬
183

) 2 short
int ( ‫ ﺨﺎﻨﺔ ﺜﻨﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬16

215 - 1 = 32767
. - 32768
( )
. long ( 32 ) 4

231 - 1 = 2147483647

: ‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت‬
‫ ﻨ‬long int .1
. " %d " " % ld "
unsigned int .2
. " %u "

: ‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬
. long

main()
{ unsigned int x;
long y;
 ‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ‬
184

x=65000;
y=2134567890;
printf("\n %u ", x);
printf("\n %ld",y);
}
unsigned long ( 7.3.1 )

double 7.4

float
: ( 32) 4 ،
‫ﻏ‬ .
.
float
. 8 double
‫ ﻴﺼل‬double

1.7E+308
1.7 E - . 308
. 308
 ‫ ﻋﻤﺮ زرﺗﻲ‬.‫د‬ ‫أﺳﺎﺳﯿﺎت و ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻘﺎت ﻟﻐﺔ ﺳﻲ‬
185

long double
10 ‫ﻴﺴﻊ‬
.

: ‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت‬
float double .1
.
double ‫ـﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﻋـ‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫ ﻋــ‬. 2
." % f "
long double .3
." % Lf "

float ( 7.4.1 ) ‫ـ‬ : ‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬

. double
main()
{
long double x;
float y;
x=1234567.8901234;
y=x;
printf("\n %Lf %f",x,y);
}
 ‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ‬
186

double float ( 7.4.1 )

‫ﻋ‬

1234567.890123 1234567.875000

.
float double
.float double

7.5

double y float x
y = x ;
،double float
( 4)
.( 8)
x = y ;
 ‫ ﻋﻤﺮ زرﺗﻲ‬.‫د‬ ‫أﺳﺎﺳﯿﺎت و ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻘﺎت ﻟﻐﺔ ﺳﻲ‬
187

float double ‫ﺘ‬

y ،double float ،
. x ‫ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﻜﻔﻰ ﻟﺴﻌﺔ‬
‫ ؟‬x+y
‫ ؟‬double float
:

.‫ﺴﻌﺔ‬

. double ‫ﺴ‬x+y
: ‫ ﻤﺜل‬. y x ‫ـ‬
6 / 5 = 1
5 6
:

6.0 / 5 = 1.2
‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬k int m k
: m
(float) k / (float) m
:
(float) k / m
 ‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ‬
188

. float (float) k

: (7.5.1) ‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬
main()
{
int k=6, m=5;
float x;
double y=1/3. ;
x=k/m;
printf("\n %f", x);
printf("\n %f",x+y);
printf("\n %f", (float)k/m);
}
(7.5.1)

1.000000
1.333333
1.200000
 ‫د‪ .‬ﻋﻤﺮ زرﺗﻲ‬ ‫أﺳﺎﺳﯿﺎت و ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻘﺎت ﻟﻐﺔ ﺳﻲ‬
‫‪189‬‬

‫ﺨﺘﺒ‬ ‫‪7.6‬‬

‫‪:‬‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪.1‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪.2‬‬

‫ـ‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫‪ctype.h‬‬

‫)‪.(7.6.1‬‬

‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪.1‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪.2‬ﻻ‬

‫‪.‬‬
 ‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ‬
190

(True ‫اﻟﺸﺮط ) ﻟﺘﻜﻮن‬ ‫اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ‬

(9 0 ) c isalnum(c)
c isalpha(c)
(9 0 ) c isdigit(c)
delete c iscntrl(c)
c isascii(c)
c isprint(c)
isprint ‫ﺘﻜﺎﻓﺊ‬ isgraph(c)
Lower case c islower(c)
Capital c isupper(c)
carraige return tab c isspace(c)
form vertical tab newline
feed
2,1,0 ) c isxdigit(c)
(F , E , D , C , B , A , 9 , ........
‫ﺒ‬ (7.6.1)
 ‫ ﻋﻤﺮ زرﺗﻲ‬.‫د‬ ‫أﺳﺎﺳﯿﺎت و ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻘﺎت ﻟﻐﺔ ﺳﻲ‬
191

#include <stdio.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#define N 20
main()
{
char name[N];
int i;
printf("\n Please enter your name-->");
for(i=0;i<=N-1 ;i++)
{
for(;;)
{ name[i]=getch();
if(name[i]==13)break;
if( isalpha(name[i]) || name[i]==' ' )
{
putchar(name[i]);
break;
}
else
printf("\a");
}
if ( name[i]==13) break;
}
name[i]='\0';
printf("\n The name entered is %s \n ", name);
getch();
}
(7.6.1)
 ‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ‬
‫‪192‬‬

‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت ﻋﻦ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ )‪(7.6.1‬‬

‫‪.1‬‬

‫> ‪# include < ctype.h‬‬

‫) (‪isalpha‬‬

‫‪.2‬‬
‫‪.‬‬

‫(‬ ‫)‬ ‫‪.3‬‬

‫‪ 13‬ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫‪) enter‬‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬
‫(‪.‬‬

‫ﺘﻨﺒﻴﻪ ﻟ‬ ‫‪.4‬‬

‫; ) " ‪printf( " \a‬‬

‫' ‪' \0‬‬ ‫‪.5‬‬

‫ﻟﻐﺔ ﺴﻲ‪.‬‬
 ‫ ﻋﻤﺮ زرﺗﻲ‬.‫د‬ ‫أﺳﺎﺳﯿﺎت و ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻘﺎت ﻟﻐﺔ ﺳﻲ‬
193

. 6
getch( ) ;

. ‫ﻫـ‬

7.7

.1

main( ) ;
{ char k ;
for (k = 1 ; k < 200 ,k++)
printf( " %d " , k ) ;
}

.2

a b c d .......... x y z
.

‫ ؟‬unsigned char char .3

 ‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ‬
194

n! .4

n! = 1 2  3  .........  (n-1)  n

n ، int
‫ ﻤـﺎ ﻫـﻲ‬. long
n
.

.5

sum = 0.001 + 0.001 + ....... + 0.001

. double float
. 1000

‫ﻴ‬ .6
.
 ‫ ﻋﻤﺮ زرﺗﻲ‬.‫د‬ ‫أﺳﺎﺳﯿﺎت و ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻘﺎت ﻟﻐﺔ ﺳﻲ‬
195

.7
int i
long int n
float x
double y
:
(a) i + n
(b) i / n
(c) x + n
(d) x* y
(e) n *y
(f) (float) y
(g) (double) y
(r) (float) i / n

: .8

( 5 ) (a)
/ / : (b)
31 1 :
12 1 :
9999 1 :
 ‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ‬
‫‪196‬‬

‫(‪.‬‬ ‫)‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪:‬‬ ‫)‪(c‬‬

‫‪:‬‬ ‫‪.9‬‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫)‪(1‬‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(2‬‬

‫‪.‬‬

‫‪. 10‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(A ,B ,C ,...‬‬ ‫)‪(a ,b ,c ,...‬‬
‫‪islower‬‬ ‫‪:‬‬