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Operating System

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9 views

Operating System

Uploaded by

rstanjilahamedrifat25
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1. Define data communication.

Describe simplified data communication


model with proper diagram.
Ans:
Data Communication: Data Communication is the process of using computing and
communication technologies to transfer data from one place to another and
vice-versa.

Figure: Simplified data communications model


The key elements of data communication model are-
(i) Source: This device generates the data to be transmitted.
(ii) Transmitter: The transmitter that transforms and encodes the
information across some sort of transmission system. The device that
converts the signal from the source in a transmittable form. So that the
signal can propagate through the transmission medium is called
transmitter.
(iii) Transmission system: This can be a signal transmission line or a
complex network connecting source and destination.
(iv) Receiver: The receiver accepts the signal from the transmission
system and converts it into a form that can be handled by the destination
device.
For example, a modem will accept an analog signal coming from a
network or transmission line and convert it into a digital bit stream.
(v) Destination: The last component of a data communication system is
called the destination. It receives the data from the receiver and
concludes the communication process.

2. State and explain the characteristic of data communication.


Ans:

3. Describe the layer of OSI reference model.


Ans:
OSI or Open System Interconnection model was developed by International Standards
Organization (ISO). It has seven interconnected layer. The seven layer of OSI Model are
physical layer, data link layer, network layer, transport layer, session layer,
presentation layer and application layer, as shown in the following diagram:

The main functions each of the layers are as follows:


1.​ Physical Layer: Its function is to transmit individual bits from one node to
another over a physical medium.
2.​ Data Link Layer: It is responsible for transfering data frames from one node to
another connected by the physical layer.
3.​ Network Layer: It manages the delivery of individual data packets from source
to destination through appropriate addressing and routing.
4.​ Transport Layer: It is responsible for delivery of the entire message from the
source host to destination host
5.​ Session Layer: It establishes sessions between users and offers services like
dialog control and synchronization.
6.​ Presentation Layer: It monitors syntax and semantics of transmitted
information thought translation, compression and encryption.
7.​ Application Layer: It provides high-level APIs ( Application Program Interface)
to the users.

4. Describe the layers of TCP/IP model. Or, Describe TCP/IP protocol


architecture with function of each layer.
Ans:
The network access layer also known as data link layer handle the physical interaction
that let's computers communicate with one another over the Internet this covers
ethernet cable wireless network interface start device in your computer and so on the
network access layer is also include the technical in fasttraction such as the food that
has convert digital data into transmittable

The internet layer also known as network layer controls all the flow and routine of
traffic to ensure data sent Pele and accuracy this where is also responsible for
reasonable the data packet in it's destination if there a lot of internet traffic in the
layer may take a little longer to send but there will be a smaller chance of an error
computing that

The transport layer provides a rehable data connection between two communication
devices its like send and ensure package the transport layer divided the data in packet
at knowledge the packet it has received from the centre and ensure that the receipt
acknowledge the packet it receives

That application layer is the group of application that let they you are excess the
network one most of us that means email messaging and cloud storage problems this
is not the end users and directly then sending and receiving data

5. Make a comparison between TCP/IP and OSI.


Ans:

6. What is the difference between a port address, a logical address and a


physical address.
Ans:

8. With a neat diagram explains the interleaving technique.


Ans:

9. What is ISDN ? Discuss different types of channels used in ISDN.


Ans:

12. What are the difference between data communication and


telecommunication.
Ans:

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