SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF

1 CHEMISTRY
Weightage 8 marks 4. How many significant figures are there in
1 mark – 1Q (Q No. 1) (i) 0.00425 (Feb 17)
2 mark – 1Q (Q No. 11) (ii) 20.0
5 mark – 1Q (Q No. 27) (iii) 6.022 × 1023
(iv) 0.2500 (PUB)
ONE MARK QUESTIONS (v) 3.10087
(vi) 8.2015
1. Following medicines are used in the Ans. (i) 3 (ii) 3 (iii) 4 (iv) 4 (v) 6 (vi) 5
treatment of which disease?
(a) Cisplatin (PUB) 5. Give the relation between
(b) Taxol (EQ) (a) Degree Fahrenheit and degree Celsius.
(c) Drug AZT (Azidothymidine) (EQ) (Feb 17)
Ans: (a) Treatment of Cancer (b) Degree Celsius and Kelvin (EQ)

Chemistry
(b) Treatment of Cancer Ans. (a) º F = 9 / 5 × ( º C ) + 32

I-PUC
(c) Treatment of AIDS patients.
(b) K = oC +273
2. Give the S.I. unit of
6. State law of Conservation of Mass (EQ)
(i) Density (PUB, May–17, Feb -17,19, 20)
Ans: It states that “matter can neither be created nor
(ii) Temperature (May 15) destroyed”.
(iii) Amount of substance (Feb 18)
(vi) Electric current (Feb 19) 7. State law of Definite Proportions (PUB)
(v) Luminous intensity Ans: The law states that a given compound always
(vi) Volume (Feb 20) contains exactly the same proportion of elements
by weight.
Ans: (i) kg/m 3
(ii) Kelvin (iii) Mole
(iv) Ampere (v) Candela (vi) m3 8. State law of ‘Multiple Proportions’. (EQ)
3. Express the following in scientific notation Ans: When two elements can combine to form more
(i) 0.00016 (Feb 18) than one compound, the masses of one element
that combine with a fixed mass of the other
Ans: 1.6 × 10 –4
element, are in the ratio of small whole numbers.
(ii) 0.00085 (May 15)
9. State ‘Gay Lussac’s Law’ of gaseous
Ans: 8.5 × 10–4 volumes. (EQ)
(iii) 0.00053 (Feb 16) Ans: The volume of gases taking part in a chemical
Ans: 5.3 × 10-4 reaction show simple whole number ratio to one
(iv) 8008 (EQ) another when all the volumes are measured at
the same temperature and pressure.
Ans: 8.008 × 103
(v) 0.001023 (PUB) 10. State Avogadro’s law. (May14, Feb-17,20)
Ans: 1.023 × 10-3 Ans: It states that equal volumes of all gases contain
equal number of molecules at same temperature
(vi) 232.508 (Feb 19) and pressure.
Ans: 2.32508 × 102

Ramachandrappa Dept. of Chemistry, Vijaya PU College Jayanagar, Bang-11. Mob: 9448215658

1
 2 HAND BOOK
11. Define atomic mass unit. (May 14) 20. Write the formula to calculate
Ans: Atomic mass unit is defined as mass exactly (a) Molarity (b) Molality
equal to one-twelfth the mass of one carbon-12 No. of moles of solute
atom. Ans: Molarity =
Volume of the solution in litres
12. What is the value of Avogadro number? No.of moles of solute
(Feb -19) Molality =
Mass of solvent in kg
Ans: 6.022 × 10 23
21. Among the molarity and molality, Which
13. Define Mole. (May-15,Feb – 16,17,19) one is temperature dependent? (Mar-16)
Ans: Amount of substance that contains Avogadro Ans: Molarity
number of particles [6.022 × 1023]
22. How molarity depends on temperature?
14. What is the mass of Avogadro number (1 mole)
of (a) CO2 Molecules (b) CH4 molecules (c) SO2 Ans: Increase in temperature decreases molarity.
molecules (d) H2O molecules? (EQ)
23. Name the concentration term which is
Ans: (a) 44g (b) 16g (c) 64g (d) 18g independent of temperature. (EQ)
15. How many moles are present in Ans: Molality
(a) 32 g of methane
TWO MARK QUESTIONS
Chemistry

(b) 22g of CO2

I-PUC

(c) 6.4g of SO2 1. Describe the classification of pure

(d) 49g of H2SO4? (EQ) substances. (Mar 14)
Ans: (a) 2 mol (b) 0.5 mol (c) 0.1 mol (d) 0.5mol Ans: Pure substances are classified as elements and
compounds.
16. Define molar mass. (EQ)
An element consists of only one type of atoms.
Ans: The mass of one mole of a substance in grams is Ex : Sodium, chlorine etc.
called its molar mass.
Compounds are formed by the combination of
17. An organic compound of molecular mass 60 two or more different elements in a fixed ratio by
has the empirical formula CH2O. What is its mass
molecular formula? Ex: CO2, NaOH etc.
Ans: Empirical formula mass = 12 + 2 + 16 = 30
2. What is homogeneous mixture? Give one
Molar mass
=
60
=2 example. (Feb – 19)
n =
Empirical formula mass 30 Ans: The components completely mix with each other
Molecular formula = (Empirical formula)n and its composition is uniform throughout.
= (CH2O)2 = C2H4O2 Ex: Air, Sea water etc.

18. What is limiting reagent? (PUB) 3. What is heterogeneous mixture? Give one
example. (May - 17)
Ans: The reactant which is completely consumed and
limits the amount of product formed is called a Ans: The composition is not uniform throughout.
limiting reagent. Ex: Mixtures of salt and sugar, grains and pulses
etc.
19. Define (a) Molarity (Feb- 18, 20)
(b) Molality. (Feb – 20) 4. Classify the following into pure substance
and mixture. Copper(s), HCl(aq), NaCl(s)
Ans: Molarity - The number of moles of the solute in
and Gold in mercury. (Feb 16)
1 litre of the solution
Molality - The number of moles of solute present Ans: Pure substance - Copper(s), NaCl(s)
in 1kg of solvent. Mixture - HCl(aq), Gold in mercury
 I PUC - Chemistry 3

5. Convert 37°C to °F. (PUB) 12. Calculate the number of gold atoms present
in 98.5 g of gold (atomic mass of gold = 197
9
Ans: oF = ( º C) + 32 = 9 (37) + 32 = 98.6ºF g) (MQP)
5 5
Ans: 197g of gold contains → 6.022 × 1023 atoms
6. Express (i) 5L of milk in cubic meter
(ii) 25ºC in Kelvin (PUB) 98.7 × 6.022 × 1023
98.5 g of gold contains
Ans: (i) 5 × 10-3m3 (ii) 298K 197
= 3.01 × 1023 atoms
7. What is density? Write its SI unit. (Mar-16)
13. How many carbon atoms are present in 3 g?
Ans: Density of a substance is amount of mass per (EQ)
unit volume.
Ans: Atomic mass of Carbon = 12u
SI unit - kg/m3
12g of C contains --- 6.022 × 1023 atoms
8. Give any two postulates of Dalton’s atomic 3g of C contains --- ?
theory. (May - 14,15,18 Feb – 17,18)
6.022 × 1023 × 30
Ans: (i) Matter consists of indivisible atoms. = 1.505 × 1023 atoms
12
(ii) Atoms of same element have same mass
and shape 14. How many H2O molecules are present in
(iii) Atoms of different elements are different. 90 g? (EQ)

Chemistry
(iv) Atoms of different elements combine in

I-PUC
fixed ratio and form compounds. Ans: Molar mass of H2O = 18u
(v) Atoms are neither created nor destroyed in 18g of H2Ocontains --- 6.022 × 1023molecules
a chemical reaction. 90g of water contains --- ?
9. Calculate the average atomic mass of 6.022 × 1023 × 90
chlorine using the following data. (PUB) = 30.11 × 1023 molecules
18
Natural abundance Molar mas
Cl
35
75.77 % 34.9689 15. How many atoms of Hydrogen are present
in 1 mole of water? (PUB)
37
Cl 24.23 % 36.9659
Ans: Average atomic mass Ans: 1 mole of water (H2O) contains 2 moles of
(75.77 × 34.9689) + ( 24.23 × 36.9659) hydrogen atoms i.e., 2 × 6.023 × 1023 atoms
=
75.77 + 24.23 = 12.046 ×1023 Hydrogen atoms.
= 35.45u
16. Express 9.8g of sulphuric acid in mole(Atomic
10. Calculate the molar mass of glucose mass of H=1, S= 32, O=16) (PUB)
(Feb – 17,18) Ans: Molar mass of H2SO4 = 2(1) + 32 + 4(16) = 98
Ans: Molar mass of Glucose (C6 H12O6) Mass 9.8
No. of moles = = = 0.1mol
= (6 × 12) + (12 × 1) + (6 × 16) = 180 g/mol Molar mass 98
17. Calculate number moles in 49g of H2SO4
11. Calculate the mass of 220 cm3 of oxygen at
(Atomic mass of H=1, S= 32, O=16)
STP. (EQ)
(Feb – 17)
Ans: Molar mass of O2 = 32u
32g of O2 ----- 22400cm3 at STP Mass
=
49
Ans: No. of moles = = 0.5mol
? ---------220 cm3 at STP Molar mass 98

32 × 220
=
= 0.314g
22400
 4 HAND BOOK
18. Calculate the amount of water(g) produced 5g of CaCO3 produces ------- ?
by the combustion of 16g of methane.(PUB) 56 × 5
= 2.8g of CaO
Ans: CH4(g) + O2 (g) →CO2(g) + 2H2O(g) 100
1mol 1mol 1mol 2mol 100g of CaCO3 produces ------ 44g of CO2
According to above balanced chemical equation 5g of CaCO3 produces ------- ?
16g(1mol) of CH4 produces → 36g (2 mol) of H2O 44 × 5
on combustion = 2.2g of CO2
100
19. Calculate the amount of carbon dioxide 23. If 120g of propane(C3H8) is burnt in excess
produced by the combustion of 24g of methane. of oxygen, how many grams of water are
(Feb – 19) produced? (MQP)
Ans: CH4(g) + O2 (g) → CO2(g) + 2H2O(g) Ans: C3H8 + 5O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2O
1mol(16g) 1mol(44g) 1mol (44g) 4mol(4 x 18g)

16g of methane produces --- 44g of CO2 44g of C3H8 produces ------ 4 × 18g of H2O
24g of methane produces --- ? 120g of C3H8 produces ------- ?
44 × 24 4 × 18 × 120
= = 66g of CO2 = 196.36g of H2O
16 44
20. Calculate the amount of water produced in 24. Calculate the mole fraction of benzene and
Chemistry

CCl4 in a binary solution containing 0.3mol

I-PUC

grams by the combustion of 8g of methane.

(Feb – 18) of benzene and 0.4 mole of CCl4 (Feb -16)
Ans: n1 = 0.3 mol n2 = 0.4 mol.
Ans: CH4(g) + O2 (g) → CO2(g) + 2H2O(g)
1mol(16g) 2mol(2 x 18)g
X1= Mole fraction of benzene

16g of methane produces ---(2 × 18)g of H2O n1 0.3

= = = 0.428
n1 + n 2 0.3 + 0.4
8g of methane produces --- ?
2 × 18 × 8 X2= Mole fraction of CCl4 = 1 – 0.428 = 0.571
= = 18g of H2O
16 25. Calculate the mole fraction of ethanol in a
solution containing 20g of ethanol and 100g
21. What mass of calcium carbonate is to be of water.
decomposed to obtain 4.4g of CO2 in the
following reaction (Molar mass of CaCO3 = mass
=
20
100) (EQ) Ans: nethanol = = 0.434mol.
mol.mass 46
Ans: CaCO3 → CaO + CO2 mass 100 = 5.55mol.
1 mole(100g) 1 mole(44g)
nwater = =
mol.mass 18
100g of CaCO3 produces ------ 44g of CO2
n ethanol 0.434
? -------- 4.4g of CO2 Xethanol = = = 0.072
100 × 4.4 n ethanol + n water 0.434 + 5.55
= 10g
44 26. Define gram molar volume. What is its value
22. CaCO3 decomposes to give CaO and CO2 at STP? (PUB)
according to the equation CaCO3 → CaO Ans: Volume occupied by one mole of any gas at STP.
+ CO2. Calculate the mass of CaO and CO2 (1 atm pressure and 273K temperature)
produced on complete decomposition of 5g
Its value is 22.4L at STP
of CaCO3 (MQP)
Ans: CaCO3 → CaO + CO2
1 mole(100g) 1 mol(56g) 1 mole(44g)

100g of CaCO3 produces ------ 56g of CaO

 I PUC - Chemistry 5

27. A solution is prepared by adding 2g of substance Volume of the solution = 250mL = 0.250L
to 18g of water. Calculate the mass percent of the No of moles of a solute
solute. (Feb – 19) Molarity =
Volume of the solution in L
Mass of solute
Ans: Mass % = × 100 0.1
mass of solution = 0.250
= 0.4 mol/L
2
= × 100 = 10% 33. Calculate the concentration of HNO3 in mol/L in
2 + 18
a sample which has density 1.41g/mL and mass
28. What is empirical formula? Give an example percent of 69% Mol. Mass of HNO3 = 63
for a compound whose empirical formula and (Feb – 18)
molecular formula are same. (Feb – 17)
Ans: Mass of Solution = 100g
Ans: The simple formula which gives the ratio of number
of atoms of each element present in a molecule of the Mass of solute (HNO3 ) = 69g
compound. Mass of solvent (water) = 31g
Ex: H2O, CH4
Mass of HNO3
29. What is molecular formula? How it is Number of moles of HNO3 =
M.M of HNO3
related to empirical formula? (EQ)
Ans: The actual formula which gives the exact number 69
= = 1.095 mol
of atoms of each element present in a molecule 63
of the compound.

Chemistry
Mass of the solution
Density =

I-PUC
Molecular formula = (empirical formula)n Volume of the solution
30. What is the percentage composition of 100g
carbon and hydrogen in methane? (PUB) 1.41 =
Volume of the soltion
Ans: Mol. Mass of methane(CH4) Volume of solution = 100/1.41 = 70.92mL
= 12 + 4(1) = 16u = 70.92×10–3L
12
Percentage of carbon = × 100 = 75% No. of moles of a solute
16 Molarity =
Volume of the solution in L
1.095
Percentage of hydrogen =
4
× 100 = 25% = = 15.43mol/L
16 70.92 × 10−3
31. Calculate the percentage composition of 34. Calculate the molarity of NaOH in the solution,
hydrogen and oxygen in water. (Mar 18) prepared by dissolving 10g in enough water
to form 500mL of the solution. Molar mass of
Ans: Mol. Mass of water (H2O) NaOH is 40g/mol. (Feb – 19)
= 2(1) + 1(16) = 18u
Ans: No. of moles of NaOH = Mass/ Mol.Mass
2
Percentage of hydrogen = ×100 = 11.11% = 10/40 = 0.25 moles
18
Volume of the solution = 500mL = 0.5L
16
Percentage of oxygen = × 100 = 88.88% No of moles of a solute
18 Molarity =
Volume of the solution in L
32. Calculate the molarity of NaOH in the solution 0.25
prepared by dissolving 4g in enough water to = = 0.5 mol/L
form 250mL of the solution. (Given: Atomic 0.5
mass of Na- 23, O-16, H-1) (May 15, 17)

Ans. Molecular mass of NaOH = 23 +16 + 1 = 40u

No. of moles of NaOH = mass/mol.mass
= 4/40 = 0.1 mol.
 6 HAND BOOK
35. Calculate the molarity of a solution containing = 72 + 12 + 96 = 180
2.3 moles of solute dissolved in 4.6L. 72
(Feb – 19,20) Percentage of carbon = × 100 = 40%
180
No of moles of a solute 2.3 12
Ans: Molarity = = Percentage of hydrogen = × 100 = 6.66%
Volume of the solution in L 4.6 180
= 0.5 mol/L 96
Percentage of oxygen = × 100 = 53.33%
36. Define mole fraction. Write equation to calculate 180
the mole fraction of solute in solution. (Mar - 14) 2. Calculate the percentage of carbon,
Ans: Mole Fraction is the ratio of numbers of moles hydrogen and oxygen in ethanol. (Mar 13)
of the specific component to the total number of Ans. Molecular mass of ethanol (C2H5OH)
moles in solution.
=2(12) + 5(1) + 1(16) + 1 = 46
No.of moles of solute
X solute = 24
Total moles in solutions Percentage of carbon = × 100 = 52.1%
46
THREE MARK QUESTIONS
6
Percentage of hydrogen = × 100 = 13 %
1. Calculate the percentage of carbon, 46
hydrogen and oxygen in glucose. (EQ) 16
Ans. Molecular mass of glucose (C6H12O6) Percentage of oxygen = × 100 = 34.7 %
Chemistry

46
I-PUC

= 6(12) + 12(1) + 6(16)

3. An organic compound contain 4.07% of hydrogen, 24.27% of carbon and 71.65% of chlorine. What
is its empirical formula?
[At. masses H = 1, C = 12, Cl = 35.5]. If two moles of this compound is dissolved in 5 litre of a solvent,
what is the molarity of the solution obtained? (Feb- 17)
Ans.

% composition No. in previous column Simple whole

Element % composition At. Mass
At.mass Least no. no. ratio
H 4.07 1 4.07 4.07 2
= 4.07 = 2.016
1 2.0183
C 24.27 12 24.27 2.0225 1
= 2.0225 =1.002
12 2.0183
C1 71.65 35.5 71.65 2.0183 1
=2.0183 =1
35.5 2.0183
Empirical formula = CH2Cl
No. of moles of solute 2
Molarity = = = 0.4 mol/kg
Volume of solution ( L ) 5
 I PUC - Chemistry 7

4. An organic compound contains 4.05% hydrogen, 24.26% carbon and 71.67% chlorine. Its molecular
mass is 98.96. Find its empirical and molecular formula (Atomic mass of H = 1, C = 12, Cl = 35.45)
(Feb- 18,19,20)
Ans.

% composition No. in previous column Simple whole

Element % composition At. Mass
At.mass Least no. no. ratio

2.02
H 24.26 12 24.26 =1 1
= 2.02 2.02
12

4.05
C 4.05 1.008 4.05 =2 2
= 4.05 2.02
1.008

2.02
C1 71.67 35.45 71.67
= 2.02
=1 1
35.45 2.02

Empirical formula = CH2Cl Empirical formula mass = 12 + 2 + 35.5 = 49.5

Chemistry
Molecular mass 98.96

I-PUC
n= = =2
Empiricalformula mass 49.5

\ Molecular formula = (EF)n = (CH2Cl)2 = C2H4Cl2

5. Determine the empirical formula of an oxide of Iron which has 69.9% Iron and 30.1% dioxygen by
mass. [Atomic mass of Fe = 56, O = 16]. (Feb- 18, 20)
Ans.

% composition No. in previous column Simple whole no.

Element % composition At. Mass
At.mass Least no. ratio

69.9 1.24
Fe 69.9 56 = 1.24 =1 1×2=2
56 1.24

30.1 1.88
O 30.1 16 = 1.88 = 1.5 1.5 × 2 = 3
16 1.24
Empirical formula = Fe2O3
 8 HAND BOOK
6. An unknown compound was found to contain 43.4% sodium, 11.3% carbon and 45.3% oxygen. The
molar mass of the compound is 110 g/mol. Find out its empirical formula and molecular formula.
(EQ)
Ans.
Element % composition At. Mass % composition No. in previous column Simple whole
At.mass Least no. no. ratio
Na 43.4 23 43.4 1.88 2
= 1.886 = 2.004
23 0.941
C 11.3 12 11.3 0.941 1
= 0.941 =1
12 0.941
O 45.3 16 45.3 2.83 3
= 2.83 = 3.007
16 0.941

Empirical formula = Na2CO3

Empirical formula Mass = (23 × 2) + 12 + (16 × 3) = 46 + 12 + 48 = 106
Molar mass 134 110
Chemistry

n= = ==11.03
.26 = 11
EF mass 106
106
I-PUC

\ Molecular formula = (EF)n = (Na2CO3)1 = Na2CO3

7. A compound gave on analysis, the following percentage composition, K = 26.27% (atomic mass of
K = 39), Cr = 35.36% (atomic mass of Cr = 52) and rest is oxygen. (atomic mass of oxygen = 16).
Determine the empirical formula of the compound. (EQ)
Ans.

Element % composition At. Mass % c omp osition No. in previous coloum Simple whole
A t .ma ss Least no. no. ratio

K 26.57 39 26.57 0.68 1×2=2

= 0.68 =1
39 0.68
Cr 35.36 52 35.36 0.68 1×2=2
= 0.68 =1
52 0.68
O 38.07 16 38.07 2.379 3.5 × 2 = 7
= 2.379 = 3.5
16 0.68
∴ Emperical formula is K2Cr2O7.
 I PUC - Chemistry 9

8. An organic compound found to contain 39.9% carbon, 6.7% hydrogen and the rest is oxygen. If the
molecular mass of the compound is 60, determine the molecular formula of the compound. (EQ)
Ans.

% c omp osition No. in previous column Simple whole

Element % composition At. Mass
A t .ma ss Least no. no. ratio
C 39.9 12 39.9 3.33 1
= 3.33 =1
12 3.33
H 6.7 1 6.7 6.7 2
= 6.7 = 2.012
1 3.33
O 53.4 16 53.4 3.33 1
= 3.33 =1
16 3.33
Empirical formula = CH2O
Empirical formula mass = 12 + 2 + 16 = 30
molecular mass 60
n= = = 2
Empirical formula mass 30

Chemistry
Molecular formula = (EF)n = (CH2O)2 = C2H4O2

I-PUC
9. A Hydrocarbon contains 80%C. If the molar mass of the compound is 30u, derive empirical formula
and molecular formula. (EQ)
Ans.

Element % composition At. Mass % c omp osition No. in previous column Simple whole
A t .ma ss Least no. no. ratio

C 80 12 80 6.66 1
= 6.66 =1
12 6.66
H 20 1 20 20 3
= 20 =3
1 6.66
Empirical formula = CH3
Empirical formula mass = 12 + 3 = 15
molecular mass 30
n= = = 2
Empirical formula mass 15
Molecular formula = (EF)n = (CH3)2 = C2H6