P3 June 2001

Figure 2

y
A B

O x

D C

Part of the design of a stained glass window is shown in Fig. 2. The two loops enclose an area
of blue glass. The remaining area within the rectangle ABCD is red glass.

The loops are described by the curve with parametric equations

x = 3 cos t, y = 9 sin 2t, 0  t < 2.

(a) Find the cartesian equation of the curve in the form y2 = f(x).
(4)
(b) Show that the shaded area in Fig. 2, enclosed by the curve and the x-axis, is given by
π

∫0 ¿ Asin2tsint dt ¿, stating the value of the constant A.

2

(3)
(c) Find the value of this integral.
(4)
The sides of the rectangle ABCD, in Fig. 2, are the tangents to the curve that are parallel to
the coordinate axes. Given that 1 unit on each axis represents 1 cm,

(d) find the total area of the red glass.

(4)
P3 June 2002
A curve is given parametrically by the equations
x = 5 cos t, y = 2 + 4 sin t, 0  t < 2.

(a) Find the coordinates of all the points at which C intersects the coordinate axes, giving
your answers in surd form where appropriate.
(4)
(b) Sketch the graph at C.
(2)
1
P is the point on C where t = 6 .

(c) Show that the normal to C at P has equation

83y = 10x  253.
(4)
P3 January 2003
Figure 1

O x

A table top, in the shape of a parallelogram, is made from two types of wood. The design is
shown in Fig. 1. The area inside the ellipse is made from one type of wood, and the
surrounding area is made from a second type of wood.

The ellipse has parametric equations,

x = 5 cos , y = 4 sin , 0   < 2.

The parallelogram consists of four line segments, which are tangents to the ellipse at the
points where  = ,  = ,  =   ,  =  + .

(a) Find an equation of the tangent to the ellipse at (5 cos , 4 sin ), and show that it can be
written in the form
5y sin  + 4x cos  = 20.
(4)
(b) Find by integration the area enclosed by the ellipse.
(4)
(c) Hence show that the area enclosed between the ellipse and the parallelogram is
80
−20 π
sin 2 α .
(4)
π
(d) Given that 0 <  < 4 , find the value of  for which the areas of two types of wood are
equal.
(3)
P3 June 2003
The curve C is described by the parametric equations

x = 3 cos t, y = cos 2t, 0  t  .

(a) Find a cartesian equation of the curve C.

(2)
(b) Draw a sketch of the curve C.
(2)

P3 June 2004
Figure 1
y
C

O a x

Figure 1 shows a sketch of the curve C with parametric equations

π
x = 3t sin t, y = 2 sec t, 0t< 2.
The point P(a, 4) lies on C.

(a) Find the exact value of a.

(3)

The region R is enclosed by C, the axes and the line x = a as shown in Fig. 1.

(b) Show that the area of R is given by

π

∫ 3
¿
6 0 ¿ (tan t + t) dt.
(4)
(c) Find the exact value of the area of R.
(4)
P3 January 2005
Figure 1

O x

Figure 1 shows a sketch of part of the curve C with parametric equations

x = t2 + 1, y = 3(1 + t).

The normal to C at the point P(5, 9) cuts the x-axis at the point Q, as shown in Figure 1.

(a) Find the x-coordinate of Q.

(6)
(b) Find the area of the finite region R bounded by C, the line PQ and the x-axis.
(9)
P3 June 2005
Figure 1

O 2
1 x
3

The curve C has parametric equations

1 1
x = 1+ t , y = 1−t ,  t < 1.
1
(a) Find an equation for the tangent to C at the point where t = 2 .
(7)
x
(b) Show that C satisfies the cartesian equation y = 2 x−1 .
(3)

The finite region between the curve C and the x-axis, bounded by the lines with equations x =
2
3 and x = 1, is shown shaded in Figure 1.

(c) Calculate the exact value of the area of this region, giving your answer in the form a + b
ln c, where a, b and c are constants.
(6)
P3 January 2006
Figure 1
y
1 A
2
a

B
a x

The curve shown in Figure 1 has parametric equations


x = a cos 3t, y = a sin t, 0t 6.

The curve meets the axes at points A and B as shown in Figure 1.

The straight line shown is part of the tangent to the curve at the point A.

Find, in terms of a,

(a) an equation of the tangent at A,

(6)
(b) an exact value for the area of the finite region between the curve, the tangent at A and the
x-axis, shown shaded in Figure 1.
(9)

C4 June 2005
A curve has parametric equations

π
x = 2 cot t, y = 2 sin t, 0 < t  2 .
2

dy
(a) Find an expression for dx in terms of the parameter t.
(4)
π
(b) Find an equation of the tangent to the curve at the point where t = 4 .
(4)
(c) Find a cartesian equation of the curve in the form y = f(x). State the domain on which the
curve is defined.
(4)
C4 January 2006
Figure 2
y

O x

The curve shown in Figure 2 has parametric equations

x = t – 2 sin t, y = 1 – 2 cos t, 0  t  2.

π 5π
(a) Show that the curve crosses the x-axis where t = 3 and t = 3 .
(2)

The finite region R is enclosed by the curve and the x-axis, as shown shaded in Figure 2.

(b) Show that the area R is given by the integral

5π

∫
π
3
(1−2cost )2
¿dt
¿
3 .
(3)
(c) Use this integral to find the exact value of the shaded area.
(7)
C4 June 2006
Figure 2

0.5

–1 –0.5 O 0.5 1 x

The curve shown in Figure 2 has parametric equations

x = sin t, y = sin
( t+ )
π
6 ,
−
π π
2 <t< 2.

π
(a) Find an equation of the tangent to the curve at the point where t = 6 .
(6)
(b) Show that a cartesian equation of the curve is

√3 1
y = 2 x + 2 (1 – x2), –1 < x < 1.
(3)

C4 January 2007
A curve has parametric equations

π π
x = 7 cos t – cos 7t, y = 7 sin t – sin 7t, 8 <t< 3 .

dy
(a) Find an expression for dx in terms of t. You need not simplify your answer.
(3)
π
(b) Find an equation of the normal to the curve at the point where t = 6 .
Give your answer in its simplest exact form.
(6)
C4 June 2007
A curve has parametric equations

π
x = tan2 t, y = sin t, 0<t< 2.

dy
(a) Find an expression for dx in terms of t. You need not simplify your answer.
(3)
π
(b) Find an equation of the tangent to the curve at the point where t = 4 .

Give your answer in the form y = ax + b , where a and b are constants to be determined.
(5)
(c) Find a cartesian equation of the curve in the form y2 = f(x).
(4)
C4 June 2008

Figure 3

Figure 3 shows the curve C with parametric equations

π
x = 8 cos t, y = 4 sin 2t, 0t 2.

The point P lies on C and has coordinates (4, 2√3).

(a) Find the value of t at the point P.

(2)

The line l is a normal to C at P.

(b) Show that an equation for l is y = –x√3 + 6√3.

(6)

The finite region R is enclosed by the curve C, the x-axis and the line x = 4, as shown shaded
in Figure 3.

∫ 2
π 64 sin 2 t cost
¿ dt
¿
(c) Show that the area of R is given by the integral 3 .
(4)
(d) Use this integral to find the area of R, giving your answer in the form a + b√3, where a
and b are constants to be determined.
(4)
C4 January 2009

Figure 3

The curve C shown in Figure 3 has parametric equations

x = t 3 – 8t, y = t2

where t is a parameter. Given that the point A has parameter t = –1,

(a) find the coordinates of A.

(1)

The line l is the tangent to C at A.

(b) Show that an equation for l is 2x – 5y – 9 = 0.

(5)

The line l also intersects the curve at the point B.

(c) Find the coordinates of B.

(6)
C4 June 2009

Figure 2

Figure 2 shows a sketch of the curve with parametric equations

π
x = 2 cos 2t, y = 6 sin t, 0t 2.

π
(a) Find the gradient of the curve at the point where t = 3 .
(4)
(b) Find a cartesian equation of the curve in the form

y = f(x), –k  x  k,

stating the value of the constant k.

(4)
(c) Write down the range of f(x).
(2)
C4 January 2010

Figure 2

Figure 2 shows a sketch of the curve C with parametric equations

x = 5t 2 − 4, y = t(9 − t 2)

The curve C cuts the x-axis at the points A and B.

(a) Find the x-coordinate at the point A and the x-coordinate at the point B.
(3)

The region R, as shown shaded in Figure 2, is enclosed by the loop of the curve.

(b) Use integration to find the area of R.

(6)

C4 June 2010
A curve C has parametric equations
π
x = sin2 t, y = 2 tan t , 0 ≤ t < 2 .
dy
(a) Find dx in terms of t.
(4)

π
The tangent to C at the point where t = 3 cuts the x-axis at the point P.

(b) Find the x-coordinate of P.

 (6)
C4 January 2011
The curve C has parametric equations

x = ln t, y = t2 −2, t > 0.

Find

(a) an equation of the normal to C at the point where t = 3,

(6)
(b) a cartesian equation of C.
(3)

Figure 1

The finite area R, shown in Figure 1, is bounded by C, the x-axis, the line x = ln 2 and the line
x = ln 4. The area R is rotated through 360° about the x-axis.

(c) Use calculus to find the exact volume of the solid generated.
(6)
C4 June 2011

Figure 3

Figure 3 shows part of the curve C with parametric equations

π
x = tan , y = sin , 0 < 2.

The point P lies on C and has coordinates

( √ 3 , √ 3)
1
2 .

(a) Find the value of  at the point P.

(2)

The line l is a normal to C at P. The normal cuts the x-axis at the point Q.

(b) Show that Q has coordinates (k3, 0), giving the value of the constant k.
(6)

The finite shaded region S shown in Figure 3 is bounded by the curve C, the line x = 3 and
the x-axis. This shaded region is rotated through 2  radians about the x-axis to form a solid of
revolution.

(c) Find the volume of the solid of revolution, giving your answer in the form p 3 + q 2,
where p and q are constants.
(7)
C4 January 2012

Figure 2

Figure 2 shows a sketch of the curve C with parametric equations

x = 4 sin
( t+ )
π
6 , y = 3 cos 2t, 0  t < 2.

dy
(a) Find an expression for dx in terms of t.
(3)
dy
(b) Find the coordinates of all the points on C where dx = 0.
(5)
C4 June 2012

Figure 2

Figure 2 shows a sketch of the curve C with parametric equations

x = 3 sin 2t, y = 4 cos2 t, 0  t  .

dy
(a) Show that dx = k3 tan 2t, where k is a constant to be determined.
(5)
π
(b) Find an equation of the tangent to C at the point where t = 3 .

Give your answer in the form y = ax + b, where a and b are constants.

(4)
(c) Find a cartesian equation of C.
(3)
C4 January 2013

Figure 2

Figure 2 shows a sketch of part of the curve C with parametric equations

1
x = 1 – 2 t, y = 2t – 1.

The curve crosses the y-axis at the point A and crosses the x-axis at the point B.

(a) Show that A has coordinates (0, 3).

(2)
(b) Find the x-coordinate of the point B.
(2)
(c) Find an equation of the normal to C at the point A.
(5)

The region R, as shown shaded in Figure 2, is bounded by the curve C, the line x = –1 and the
x-axis.

(d) Use integration to find the exact area of R.

(6)
ANSWERS

C4 June 2005
−2 sin t cos t 8
2 1 2
(a) cosec t (b) y – 1 = – (x – 2) (c) y = 4 + x ; x …0
2

C4 January 2006
(c) 4π + 3√ 3

C4 June 2006
√3 1 1
(a) y − 2 = √ 3 (x − 2 )

C4 January 2007

(a)

(b)

C4 June 2007
cos 4 t √2 x 3 √2 x
(a) 2sin t (b) y = 8 + 8 (c) y2 = 1+ x

C4 June 2008
π π 64
(a) t = 3 , 0  t  2 (d) 3 – 83

C4 January 2009

(a) (7, 1) (c)

( 4418 ,814 )
C4 June 2009

−√
3
(a) 2 (b) , (c)

C4 January 2010

(a)
√ 3−1
4 (b)
16 π ( √ 3−1
4 )
C4 June 2010
dy sec 2 t 3
(a) dx = sin t cos t (b) x = 8

C4 January 2011
1
(a) y – 7 = – 18 (x – ln 3) (b) y = e2x – 2 (c)  (36 + 4 ln 2)

C4 June 2011
π 17
1
(a)  = 3 (b) k = 16 (c) 3 – 3  2

C4 January 2012
−6 sin 2 t

(a)
( )
4 cos t +
π
6 (b) (2, 3), (23, –3), (–2, 3), (–23, –3)

C4 June 2012

(b) y = 2x – 2 2
(c) x = 12
( 1− )
y y
4 4