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HARDWARE QUESTION chp3

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Rayan ali

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HARDWARE QUESTIONS

COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE

1. One of the key features of von Neumann computer architecture is the use of buses.
a) Three buses and three descriptions are shown below. Draw a line to connect
each bus to its correct description. [2]

b) The seven stages in a von Neumann fetch-execute cycle are shown in the table
below. Put each stage in the correct sequence by writing the numbers 1 to 7 in
the right hand column. The first one has been done for you. [6] (Q7/11/M/J/15)

1|Page
2. A section of computer memory is shown below:

a) i) The contents of memory location 1000 0001 are to be read. Show the contents of the Memory
Address Register (MAR) and the Memory Data Register (MDR) during this read operation:

MAR ⬜⬜⬜⬜⬜⬜⬜⬜
MDR ⬜⬜⬜⬜⬜⬜⬜⬜ [2]
ii) The value 0111 1001 is to be written into memory location 1000 1110. Show the contents
of the MAR and MDR during this write operation:

MAR ⬜⬜⬜⬜⬜⬜⬜⬜
MDR ⬜⬜⬜⬜⬜⬜⬜⬜ [2]
iii) Show any changes to the computer memory following the read and write operations in
part (a)(i) and part (a)(ii). [1]
_________________________________________________________________________________
_

2|Page
b) Name three other registers used in computers. [3]
_________________________________________________________________________________
_
_________________________________________________________________________________
_
_________________________________________________________________________________
_

c) The control unit is part of a computer system. What is the function of the control unit? [3]
(Q3/13/O/N/15)
_________________________________________________________________________________
_
_________________________________________________________________________________
_
_________________________________________________________________________________
_

3|Page
3. To process an instruction, a central processing unit (CPU) goes through a cycle that has three main
stages. Name each stage in this cycle. [3] (Q1/13/O/N/16)
_________________________________________________________________________________
_
_________________________________________________________________________________
_
_________________________________________________________________________________
_

4. Signals are sent to and from the components of a processor using buses. Identify and describe the
purpose of two different buses. [6] (Q6/11/M/J/17)
______________________________________________________________________________
_
___
_________________________________________________________________________________
_
_________________________________________________________________________________
_
_________________________________________________________________________________
_
_________________________________________________________________________________
_
_________________________________________________________________________________
_

5. Name three different buses that are used in the fetch-execute cycle. [3] (Q1/12/M/J/17)
_________________________________________________________________________________
_
_________________________________________________________________________________
_
_________________________________________________________________________________
_

6. Selma writes the following four answers in her Computer Science examination. State which
computer terms she is describing.
“The part of the central processing unit (CPU) that carries out calculations.”Selma is
describing........................................................ [1] (Part of Q6/12/O/N/17)

7. Six components of a computer system and six descriptions are shown. Draw a line to match each
component with the most suitable description. [5] (Q4/13/O/N/17)

4|Page
8. Six components of the Von Neumann model for a computer system and six descriptions are
given. Draw a line to match each component to the most suitable description. [5]
(Q5/11/M/J/18)

5|Page
9. Kelvin correctly answers an examination question about the Von Neumann model. Eight different
terms have been removed from his answer. Complete the sentences in Kelvin’s answer, using the
list given. Not all items in the list need to be used.
• Accumulator (ACC)
• address bus
• Arithmetic logic unit (ALU)
• Control unit (CU)
• Data bus
• executed
• fetches
• Memory address register (MAR)
• Memory data register (MDR)
• Program counter (PC)
• saved
• transmits
The central processing unit (CPU) ............................................................. the data and instructions
needed. The ...................................................... holds the address of the next instruction. This
address is sent to the.....................................................................................The data from this
address is sent to the................................................................ The instruction can then be decoded
and................................................

6|Page
Any calculations that are carried out on the data are done by
the................................................................ During calculations, the data is temporarily held in a
register called the........................................................... . [7] (Q6/12/M/J/18) 10. The fetchexecute
cycle make use of registers.
a) Describe the role of the Program Counter (PC). [2]
_________________________________________________________________________________
_
_________________________________________________________________________________
_

b) Describe the role of the Memory Data Register (MDR). [2] (Q11/13/O/N/18)
_________________________________________________________________________________
_
_________________________________________________________________________________
_

11. Vanessa writes a paragraph as an answer to an examination question about the central
processing unit (CPU).Use the list given to complete Vanessa’s answer by inserting the correct six
missing terms. Not all terms will be used.
• Components
• Data
• Decided
• Executed
• Fetched
• Instructions
• RAM
• ROM
• Secondary storage
The CPU processes.............. and.............. An instruction is ..............from ............ into the CPU where
it is then...................... Once this has taken place the instruction is then................. [6]
(Q3/12/M/J/19)

12. The Von Neumann model for a computer system uses several components in the fetch-execute
cycle. One component that is used is the Control Unit (CU).Identify four other components that are
used in the Von Neumann model for a computer system. [4] (Q2/12/O/N/19)
14. The Von Neumann model for a computer system has several components that are used in the
fetch-execute cycle.

a) One component is main memory.

ii) State two other components in the Von Neumann model for a computer system. [2]
(Q7aii/13/O/N/19)
_________________________________________________________________________________
_
_________________________________________________________________________________
_

7|Page
13. Six components of a computer are given. Some are part of the central processing unit (CPU)
of the Von Neumann model for a computer system.
Tick (✓) to show if each component is a CPU component or is Not a CPU component. [6]
(Q5/11/M/J/20)

14. A Von Neumann model for a computer system has a central processing unit (CPU) that
makes use of registers.

a) Identify three registers that may be used. [3]

_________________________________________________________________________________
_
_________________________________________________________________________________
_
_________________________________________________________________________________
_

b) The CPU is responsible for processing instructions. One stage of processing instructions is the
decode stage.
i) Identify the two other stages of processing instructions. [2]
_________________________________________________________________________________
_
_________________________________________________________________________________
_ ii)Identify the component of the CPU that is responsible for decoding instructions. [1]
(Q1/12/M/J/20)
_________________________________________________________________________________
_

17. Paige has a computer that has a central processing unit (CPU) based on the Von Neumann model
for a computer system.

a) Identify the component within the CPU that controls the flow of data. [1]
_________________________________________________________________________________
_

b) Identify the component within the CPU where calculations are carried out [1]
_________________________________________________________________________________

8|Page
_

c) Identify the component within the CPU that stores the address of the next instruction to be
processed [1]
_________________________________________________________________________________
_

d) Identify the register within the CPU that holds an instruction that has been fetched from
memory
[1]
_________________________________________________________________________________
_

e) Identify the register within the CPU that holds data that has been fetched from memory [1]
(Q2/13/O/N/20)
_________________________________________________________________________________
_

18. A Von Neumann model for a computer system makes use of registers and buses.
a) Explain the use of the registers in the fetch-execute cycle. [6]
_________________________________________________________________________________
_
_________________________________________________________________________________
_
_________________________________________________________________________________
_
_________________________________________________________________________________
_
_________________________________________________________________________________
_
_________________________________________________________________________________
_

b) Name three buses used in the fetch-execute cycle. [3] (Q7/3175/12/M/J/21)

19. A computer is designed using the Von Neumann model for a computer system. The computer
has a central processing unit (CPU).

a) Data is fetched from primary storage into the CPU to be processed.

i) State the name of the primary storage from where data is fetched. [1]

9|Page
_________________________________________________________________________________
_ ii) The CPU performs a cycle to process data. Fetch is the first stage in this cycle. State the names
of the second and third stages in the cycle. Second stage.................................... Third

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stage................................... [2] iii) Identify two components within the CPU that are used in the fetch
stage of the cycle.
Component 1....................................
Component 2.................................... [2] (Q2/11/M/J/22)

20. The paragraph explains how an instruction is processed by the Central Processing Unit
(CPU).Complete the paragraph using the list of terms. Not all terms in the list need to be used.
• address bus
• Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
• Calculations
• Data bus
• decoded
• execute
• fetched
• interrupt
• Memory Address Register (MAR)
• Memory Data Register (MDR)
• Program Counter (PC)
• Protocol
• ROM
• stored
An instruction is.................................................................... from RAM into the CPU, where it is
temporarily stored in the.................................................................... . The instruction is then sent along
the.................................................................... to the Control Unit (CU) to be
.................................................................... .The.................................................................... will then
perform any.................................................................... and logic operations that are required
to.................................................................... the instruction. [7] (Q7/13/O/N/22)

21. A computer has a Von Neumann architecture.

a) Circle three components that are part of the central processing unit (CPU) in this computer.
Accumulator (ACC)
Hard disk drive (HDD)
Memory address register (MAR)
Program counter (PC)
Random access memory (RAM)
Read only memory (ROM)
Sensor
Sold state drive (SSD) [3]
b) Describe the purpose of the control unit (CU) within this computer. [2]
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
c) The computer has a single core CPU.
i) State one purpose of a core in a CPU. [1]

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__________________________________________________________________________________
ii) The computer is upgraded to a dual core CPU. Explain how the upgrade can affect the performance
of the computer. [2] (Q4abc/01/SP/23)
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

INPUT AND OUTPUT DEVICES

1. Modern LCD monitors and televisions use LED back-lit technology. Give two advantages of
using this new technology compared to the older cold cathode fluorescent lamp (CCFL) method. [2]
(Q8e/11/M/J/15)
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

2. The majority of mobile phones use touch screens. Three common technologies are used by
different mobile phone manufacturers. Choose one of the following mobile phone technologies: •
Resistive
• Capacitive
• Infrared
Chosen technology.............................................................................
ii) Give one benefit and one drawback of your chosen technology when used on mobile phone touch
screens. [2] (Q2ii/12/M/J/15)
__________________________________________________________________________________

3. Four input devices, four descriptions and four applications are shown below. Draw a line to
connect each input device to its correct description. Then connect each description to its correct
application. [6] (Q3/12/M/J/15)

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4. A remote-controlled model car contains RAM, ROM and a solid state drive. The car receives
radio signals from its remote control. It can only receive radio signals of a certain frequency. The
manufacturer sets this frequency and the owner cannot change it. The owner of the model car can
input their own sequence of movements from an interface underneath the car.

b) The owner needs to be able to enter their own sequence of movements for the model car. Name a
suitable input device. Give a reason for your choice of device. [2] (Q9b/12/O/N/15)
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

5. Name a suitable output device for each of the following applications. A different device should be
used for each application. [5] (Q7/13/O/N/15)

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6. Four input devices are shown in the table below.
Give an application which makes use of each device and state a reason why the device is appropriate
for that application.
Your application must be different in each case. [8] (Q8/13/O/N/15)

7. State one suitable application for each printer below. A different application must be given for each
printer. Inkjet printer
..................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................
3D printer
..................................................................................................................................................................
................................................ [2]

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c) Name another type of printer and describe one way in which it is different from the
printers named in part (b). Give an application for this printer. [3] (Q4c/11/M/J/16) Name of printer
........................................................................................
Description
..................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................
Application
..................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................
8. Name the following type of barcode: [1] (Q12a/11/M/J/16)

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9. Six descriptions and six devices are shown below. Draw a line to link each description to the correct
device. [5] (Q5/12/M/J/16)

10. The Henslows Diner is a local restaurant.

a) Staff currently use a keyboard to input a customer food order into a computer. The food order
is then sent to the kitchen. State two disadvantages of using a keyboard to input a customer
food order. [2]
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

b) A concept keyboard has a flat surface that is overlaid with images of food items available from
the restaurant menu. Staff can click on an image to add the food item to a customer food order. The
Henslows Diner wants to change to a concept keyboard to input customer food orders. Explain two

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benefits of making this change. [4] (Q4ab/13/O/N/16)
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

11. Modern Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) monitors use Light-Emitting Diode (LED) backlit technology.
Give four benefits of using LED technology. [4] (Q7/13/O/N/16)
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

12. A supermarket has a system that allows customers to check out their own shopping. Identify and
describe the purpose of two input devices and one output device used in this system. [6]
(Q9/11/M/J/17)
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

13. The diagram shows five output devices and five descriptions. Draw a line between each output
device and its description. [4] (Q3/12/M/J/17)

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14. A washing machine has a small display screen built into it. One use of the display screen is to show
an error code when a problem has occurred with a washing cycle.

a) State whether the display screen is an input, output or storage device. [1](Q1a/13/O/N/17)
__________________________________________________________________________________

15. A library has a system that allows customers to check out the books that they want to borrow. Each
book has a barcode that can be used to identify the book.

a) i) Identify two input devices that may be used in the library’s system. [2]
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
ii) Identify two storage devices that may be used in the library’s system. [2]
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
iii) Identify two output devices that may be used in the library’s system. [2](Q1a/13/O/N/19)
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

16. Three descriptions of different input or output devices are given in the table. Complete the table by
stating the name of each input or output device.
• This is an input device that works by shining a light onto the surface of a document. The light source
is automatically moved across the document and the reflected light is captured by mirrors and
lenses.
Name of device: ...............................
• This is an input device where a laser or a light source is moved across an object. The width, height
and depth of the object are measured to allow a model to be created.
Name of device: ...............................
• This is an output device that creates an object by building layer upon layer of material.
Name of device: ...............................
(Q3/11/M/J/19)

17. Input and output devices are often connected to a personal computer.

a) Identify three input devices that can be connected to a personal computer. [3]
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

b) Identify three output devices that can be connected to a personal computer. [3] (Q1/12/M/J/19)
________________________________________________________________________________
__
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

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18. Touch screen technologies can be described as resistive or capacitive. Six statements are given
about resistive and capacitive technology. Tick (✓) to show if the statement applies to Resistive or
Capacitive technology. [6] (Q6/12/O/N/19)

19. a) Identify one input device that is part of the smartphone. [1]
__________________________________________________________________________________

b) Identify two output devices that are part of the smartphone. [2]
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

c) All smartphones have a MAC address.

i) State what is meant by the term MAC address. [1]
__________________________________________________________________________________ ii)
Describe the structure of a MAC address. [3]
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

d) A smartphone needs both RAM and ROM. State why a smartphone needs RAM and ROM. [2]
(Q1/11/M/J/20)
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

20. Identify one benefit and two drawbacks of Benny using an inkjet printer, instead of a laser printer,
to print his photos. [3] (Q8b/11/M/J/20)
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

21. Six statements are given about touch screen technology. Tick (3) to show if the statement applies to
Capacitive or Resistive touch screen technology. [6] (Q6/12/M/J/20)

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22. Leonard has a new laser printer to print letters for his business.

b. State two benefits and one drawback of Leonard using a laser printer, instead of an inkjet printer, to
print the letters. [3] (Q8b/12/M/J/20)
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

23. State three benefits of LCD technology. [3] (Q8b/13/O/N/20)

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

24. Julia inputs personal data into her computer. She stores three copies of the data using a hard disk
drive (HDD), a solid state drive (SSD) and a USB flash memory drive.

a) Identify three devices Julia can use to input personal data into her computer. [3] (Q2a/11/M/J/21)
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

25. Tina uses a microphone to record a welcome message for her website.

(i) State whether the microphone is an input or output device. [1] (Q1c/12/O/N/20)
__________________________________________________________________________________

21 | P a g e
26. Five hardware devices are given. Tick ( ) to show if each device is an input, Output or storage
devices. [5] (Q1/13/o/n/20)

27. Julia inputs personal data into her computer. She stores three copies of the data using a hard
disk drive (HDD), a solid state drive (SSD) and a USB flash memory drive.

28. A train company wants to install a self-service ticket machine system for its train stations. When the
customer has purchased their tickets, the machine will provide a paper ticket.

a) One output device that is used in the ticket machine is a display screen. Identify one other
output device that is used in the ticket machine system. [1]
__________________________________________________________________________________

b) The train company does not want users to use a keyboard or a mouse to enter their data, when
buying a ticket. The company is worried that they may be stolen or get too dirty. Identify one
other input device that would be suitable for use in the ticket machine system, to allow users
to enter their data. [1] (Q2/12/O/N/21)
__________________________________________________________________________________

29. Billie has purchased a 3D printer.

(a) State one use of a 3D printer. [1] (Q15a/3175/12/M/J/21)

__________________________________________________________________________________

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30. A train company wants to install a self-service ticket machine system for its train stations. When the
customer has purchased their tickets, the machine will provide a paper ticket.

a) One output device that is used in the ticket machine is a display screen. Identify one other output
device that is used in the ticket machine system. [1]
__________________________________________________________________________________

b) A printer is one example of an output device. Give three other examples of output devices. [3]
_________________________________________________________________________________
_
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

c) Give three examples of input devices. [3] (Q11/11/M/J/22)

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

31. A bus station has a ticket machine. A customer can use the ticket machine to select and pay for
their ticket. One input device built into the ticket machine is a touch screen.

a) Identify two other input devices that could be built into the ticket machine. [2]
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

b) The ticket machine has a help icon that a user can touch to contact customer support. The ticket
machine has an output device that allows the user to hear the customer support person. Identify an
output device that would be used for this purpose. [1]
__________________________________________________________________________________

c) The touch screen for the ticket machine uses resistive technology. ii) Give two benefits of using
resistive touch screen technology for the ticket machine. [2]
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
iii) Give two drawbacks of using resistive touch screen technology for the ticket machine. [2]
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
iv) Identify one other touch screen technology that could have been used. [1] (Q1abc/12/O/N/22)
__________________________________________________________________________________

32. Five components are shown.

Tick (✓) to show whether each component is an example of input, output or storage. [5]
(Q1/13/O/N/22)

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33. A company wants to manufacture a mobile phone.
a) The company needs to decide which touch screen technology to use.
State one type of touch screen technology that you recommend the company use. Justify your choice.
[4] (Q4a/13/O/N/22)
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

SENSORS

1. Name three different sensors (other than light and pH) and describe an application for each of these
sensors. A different application is needed for each sensor. [3] (Q7b/12/M/J/15) Sensor
1
...................................................................................................
Application
..................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................
Sensor 2
...................................................................................................
Application
..................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................
Sensor 3
...................................................................................................
Application
..................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................

2. Name an application which makes use of the following sensors. A different application should
be used in each case. Temperature
..................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................
Magnetic field
..................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................
Motion

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..................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................... [3] (Q1a/13/O/N/15)

3. The conditions in a fish tank are being controlled using sensors and a microprocessor. To keep
the fish healthy, the temperature must be at 25°C and the oxygen content needs to be 20 ppm (parts
per million). The tank contains a heater and an oxygen inlet controlled by a valve.

a) Name the two sensors used in this application. [2] (Q6a/01/SP/16)

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

4. Five sensors and five applications are shown below.

Draw a line to link each sensor to its most appropriate application. [4] (Q3a/11/M/J/16)

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5. Motion sensors are used in a security system to detect intruders.
Name three other sensors that could be used in the following applications. Give a
different type of sensor for each application. [3] (Q2/12/M/J/16)

6. A security system is installed in a house. A hexadecimal number is entered to activate or deactivate

the alarm.

b) Identify two sensors that the security system could use to detect intruders. Describe how each
sensor could be used in the security system. [6] (Q11b/12/O/N/16)
__________________________________________________________________________________

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__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

7. The processes in a chemical factory are monitored by sensors connected to a microprocessor.

a) Identify two different sensors used in this application. Give an example of how each sensor could be
used in the chemical factory. [4] (Q12a/11/M/J/17)
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

8. Anna has a farm that grows fruit. She has a system that monitors the conditions for growing the
fruit. Sensors are used in this system. (Q9/12/O/N/17)

a) Explain what is meant by the term sensor. [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

b) State two sensors that could be used in this system and describe how they could be used. [6]
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

9. Identify three sensors that could be used in the washing machine. State what each sensor could be
used for. [6] (Q1d/13/O/N/17)
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

10. Four scenarios are given.

Identify the most suitable sensor for each scenario.
A different sensor must be used for each scenario [4] (Q6/11/M/J/20)

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11. A security light system is used by a factory. The light only comes on when it is dark and when
movement is detected. The light will stay on for 1 minute before switching off.

a) Identify two sensors that would be used in the security light system. [2] (Q5a/12/M/J/21)
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

12. The table contains three applications in which a sensor could be used. Give a suitable sensor
that can be used in each application. A different sensor must be given for each application. [3]
(Q1/3175/12/M/J/21)

13. Three descriptions are shown of different systems. Identify the most suitable sensor that could
be used in each system. [3] (Q2b/12/O/N/22)

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DATA STORAGE
1. Four storage devices are described in the table below.
In column 2, name the storage device being described.
In columns 3, 4, or 5, tick ( ) to show the appropriate category of storage. [8] (Q5/11/M/J/15)

29 | P a g e
2. A remote-controlled model car contains RAM, ROM and a solid state drive. The car receives radio
signals from its remote control. It can only receive radio signals of a certain frequency. The
manufacturer sets this frequency and the owner cannot change it. The owner of the model car can
input their own sequence of movements from an interface underneath the car.

a) Describe the purpose of each of the three types of memory supplied with the car.

30 | P a g e
RAM
..................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................
ROM
..................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................
Solid State Drive
..................................................................................................................................................................
...................................... [3]

c) Explain why the model car uses a solid state drive rather than another type of secondary storage.
[2] (Q9ac/12/O/N/15)
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

3. A security system records video footage. One minute of video requires 180 MB of storage. The
recording system can store several hours of video footage.

a) Name and describe a suitable storage device for this recording system. [2] (Q5a/13/O/N/15)
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

4. Andrew sends a large document to a printer.

a) State the name for the area of memory used to store temporarily the data being sent to the printer.
[1] (Q9a/01/SP/16)
__________________________________________________________________________________

5. Solid state drives (SSD) are replacing hard disc drives (HDD) in some computers.
i) Give three reasons why this is happening. [3]
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________ ii)
Explain why many web servers still use hard disc drive (HDD) technology. [2] (Q11b/11/M/J/16)
__________________________________________________________________________________

6. There are six descriptions in the table below. Complete the table below by writing the correct
storage device or media in the box next to each description. [6] (Q10/12/M/J/16)

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7. Four computer terms and eight descriptions are shown below

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Draw lines to connect each computer term to the correct description(s). [4] (Q6/12/O/N/16)

8. Complete the paragraph by choosing six correct terms from the list.
• Optical
• On-line
• RAM
• HDD
• Primary
• SSD
• Secondary
• ROM • Off-line A computer has two different types of memory.....................................memory is not
directly accessed by the CPU, but it allows a user to store data that can easily be accessed by
applications. Two examples of this type of memory are ....................................
and.................................... . The second type of memory is .................................... memory. This
memory is directly accessed by the CPU. It allows the processor to access data and instructions that
are stored in this memory. Two

33 | P a g e
examples of this memory are .................................... and.................................... .[6] (Q8/11/M/J/17)

9. Give two examples of primary, secondary and off-line storage. [6] (Q2/12/M/J/17)
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

10. Storage devices and storage media can be categorised as primary, secondary or off-line. Write
primary, secondary or off-line next to each storage device or medium to indicate its most suitable
category.
HDD
RAM
ROM
CD-ROM
SSD
DVD-RAM [6] (Q2/12/O/N/17)
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

11. b) Describe one item that is stored in RAM. [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

c) Explain three ways that RAM is different to ROM. [3] (Q8bc/12/O/N/17)

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

12. a) Optical storage media can be used to store data. Describe how the data is read from a Compact
Disc (CD). [4]
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

c) Describe the differences between primary and secondary storage. [4] (Q9ac/13/O/N/17)
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

34 | P a g e
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

13. The supermarket uses secondary storage and off-line storage to store data about its stock.
Explain what is meant by secondary storage and off- line storage. [4] (Q8d/11/M/J/18)
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

14. A computer uses RAM and ROM to store data. (Q22/12/O/N/18)

a) The table contains three statements about RAM or ROM. Tick (✓) to show whether each
statement describes RAM or ROM. [3]

b) Circle the storage category that includes both RAM and ROM. Primary Secondary Off-line [1]
__________________________________________________________________________________

c) Explain what is meant by off-line storage. [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

15. Describe two differences between Read Only Memory (ROM) and Random Access Memory
(RAM). [4] (Q9/13/O/N/18)
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

16. State which types of storage device or media would be most suitable for these scenarios. For
each device or media, justify your choice. (Q13/13/O/N/18)

a) Creating a backup of 150GB of data. [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

b) Storing applications on a tablet device. [2]

35 | P a g e
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

c) Storing a 1200MB high-definition promotional movie about a new car. The movie is to be given to
people who are interested in buying a new car. [2]
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

17. The law company wants to purchase a new file server. The company can purchase a server with
either solid state storage or magnetic storage. After discussion, it decides to purchase a file server
with magnetic storage.

a) Explain why the company chose magnetic storage rather than solid state storage. [4]
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

b) The law company also uses optical storage. Give three different examples of optical storage. [3]
(Q6bc/11/M/J/19)
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

18. A finance company uses off-line storage to archive their accounts.

a) Explain what is meant by off-line storage. [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

b) The computers in the finance company use both primary and secondary storage.
i. Give one example of primary storage. [1]
__________________________________________________________________________________
ii. Give two examples of secondary storage. [2] (Q2/12/M/J/19)
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

19. Marley wants to store a video he has created for his school project. He considers using a DVD or a
Blu-ray to store the video.

a) Explain two differences between a DVD and a Blu-ray. [2] (Q4a/12/M/J/19)

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

36 | P a g e
__________________________________________________________________________________
20. A microprocessor uses ROM. Explain what is meant by ROM. [3] (Q7b/12/M/J/19)
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

21. Robert has a mobile device that uses RAM, ROM and an SSD.

a) State what the RAM, ROM and SSD are used for. [3]
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

b) Give two reasons why an SSD, rather than a HDD, is used in the mobile device. [2]
(Q11/12/O/N/19)
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

22. The Von Neumann model for a computer system has several components that are used in the
fetch-execute cycle.

a) One component is main memory.

i) Describe what is meant by main memory and how it is used in the Von Neumann model for a
computer system. [3] (Q7ai/13/O/N/19)
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

23. a) Six statements are given about storage devices. Tick (3) to show if the statement applies to
hard disk drive (HDD) storage or solid state drive (SSD) storage. Some statements can apply to both.
[6]

b) Optical storage is another type of storage. Give two examples of optical storage. [2]
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

37 | P a g e
__________________________________________________________________________________

24. b) Alessandro uses an SSD to store his data. Describe what is meant by an SSD and how it
operates to store data. [4]
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

c) Alessandro also uses off-line storage to store his data. Three examples of off-line storage are
Bluray, CD and DVD. Six statements are given about off-line storage. Tick (✓) to show if each
statement applies to Blu-ray, CD, or DVD. Some statements apply to more than one example of off-
line storage. [6] (Q3bc/12/O/N/20)

25. Elle uses both CDs and DVDs to store her school projects.

a) Give three similarities between a CD and a DVD. [3]

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

b) State one difference between a CD and a DVD. [1] (Q9/13/O/N/20)

__________________________________________________________________________________

26. Six statements are shown about HDDs, SSDs and USB flash memory drives. Tick (✓) to show
which statements apply to each type of storage. Some statements can apply to more than one
type of storage. [6] (Q2b/11/M/J/21)

38 | P a g e
27. Data storage can be magnetic, solid state or optical.
a) Six statements are given about data storage. Tick correct to show if the statement applies to
magnetic, solid state or optical storage. Some statements may apply to more than one type of
storage. [6]

b) i) Give one example of magnetic storage. [1]

__________________________________________________________________________________

ii) Give one example of optical storage [1]

__________________________________________________________________________________

iii)Identify which type of storage would be the most suitable for use in aweb server and justify your
choice. [3] (Q2ab/12/M/J/21)
__________________________________________________________________________________

39 | P a g e
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

28.

29. Describe the role of Random Access Memory (RAM) in a computer. [3] (Q5/3175/12/M/J/21)
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
30. Three types of storage media are magnetic, optical and solid state.

a) One example of solid-state storage is a Solid State Drive (SSD). Identify one other example of
solidstate storage. [1]
__________________________________________________________________________________

b) Optical storage uses a laser to store and read data from a disk. Explain how the laser is used to store
and read data from the disk. [3]
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

c) A business is creating a new mobile device that has an SSD as secondary storage.
i) Give three reasons why an SSD is the most suitable secondary storage for their mobile device. [3]
(Q3/11/M/J/22)
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

31. Cassie stores data for her business every day. She stores the data using optical data storage.

a) Identify three examples of optical data storage. [3]

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

40 | P a g e
b) Six statements are given about the operation of three different types of storage. Tick correct to show
which statements apply to each type of storage. Some statements may apply to more than one type
of storage. (Q7/12/M/J/22) [6]

32. The computer in the ticket machine uses the stored program concept. Describe the stored
program concept. [2] (Q1d/12/O/N/22)
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

33. Five statements are shown about Random Access Memory (RAM), an internal Solid State Drive
(SSD) and a USB flash memory drive. Tick (✓) to show which statements apply to each component.
Some statements may apply to more than one component. [5] (Q3/12/O/N/22)

41 | P a g e
34. A mobile phone uses Random Access Memory (RAM) and Read Only Memory (ROM). RAM and
ROM are both examples of the same type of storage. Identify this type of storage and justify
your answer. [2] (Q4b/13/O/N/22)
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

CLOUD STORAGE & VIRTUAL MEMORY

1a) Draw a diagram to represent how virtual memory is created and used. [4]

42 | P a g e
b) A student is using software to create 3D models. This process often requires the use of virtual
memory. Explain why virtual memory is needed for this process. [3] (Q8/01/SP/23)
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

2. A finance company uses cloud storage to archive their accounts.

a) Describe what is meant by cloud storage. [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

b) The computers also use virtual memory. Describe how virtual memory is created and used. [4]
(Q6ac/01B/SP/23)
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

3. a) Describe what is meant by cloud storage. [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

b) Give one disadvantage of storing the photographs in cloud storage instead of storing them locally.
[1] (Q4bii, iii/12/M/J/23)

4. A computer has pages A, B and C that are stored in RAM. Page D needs to be sent to the RAM but
the RAM is full. Page B is not needed immediately. Explain how virtual memory can be used in this
scenario. [4] (Q10/0478/13/M/J/23)
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

NETWORK HARDWARE

1. 1A – 16 – C5 – 22 – FF – FF is an example of a MAC address. (Q4c/12/O/N/15)

i) Identify what the first six and last six hexadecimal digits represent.[2]
__________________________________________________________________________________

43 | P a g e
__________________________________________________________________________________
ii) State why MAC addresses are used. [1]
__________________________________________________________________________________

2. Hexadecimal codes are used in MAC addresses. (Q2/11/M/J/16)

a) State what is meant by the term MAC. [1]

__________________________________________________________________________________
b) Explain what the hexadecimal code in a MAC address represents. [3]
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

3. At the end of the flight, all of the data are sent to the aeroplane engine manufacturer using the
Internet. The computer in the aeroplane has a MAC address and an IP address. State what is meant
by these two terms. [2] (Q10c/13/O/N/16)
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

4. Describe what is meant by an Internet Protocol (IP) address. [4] (Q3b/13/O/N/17)

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

5. Explain what is meant by a MAC address. [4] (Q1b/11/M/J/19)

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

6. Tammy connects the computer to her home network. The computer has a MAC address and an IP
address. A paragraph is given about MAC addresses and IP addresses. Complete the paragraph using
the list of terms given. Not all terms need to be used.
• compiled
• Computer
• Control
• Dynamic
• identify
• Packet
• Principal
• Protocol
• Similar
• Unique

44 | P a g e
A MAC address is a media access.............................................................. address. A network device has
a............................................................... MAC address that can help
....................................................... the device in the network. An IP address is an Internet
................................................ address. An IP address can be static or....................................................
[5] (Q5b/12/O/N/20)

7. Benedict’s computer is also assigned a Media Access Control (MAC) address.

i) Identify one similarity between an IP address and a MAC address. [1]
__________________________________________________________________________________
ii) Identify two differences between an IP address and a MAC address. [2]
(Q1b/11/M/J/21)
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

8. The Internet relies on the use of IP addressing.

a) State what the letters IP represent.

I.............................................. P.............................................. [1]

b) Describe the role of an IP address. [2] (Q3/3175/12/M/J/21)

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

9. Many devices have a Media Access Control (MAC) address. Give three features of a MAC address.
[3] (Q10/11/M/J/22)
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

10. A computer can have both a Media Access Control (MAC) address and an Internet Protocol (IP)
address.

a) Give two similarities between a MAC address and an IP address. [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

b) Give two differences between a MAC address and an IP address. [2]

(Q8/13/O/N/22)
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

11. Describe what is meant by a MAC address. [4] (Q1b/01/SP/23)

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

45 | P a g e
__________________________________________________________________________________

12. A web server has an internet protocol (IP) address.

i) Give three characteristics of an IP address. [3]
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
ii) Identify the network component that uses the IP address to send data only to its correct destination.
[1] (Q3a/01/SP/23)
__________________________________________________________________________________

13. Edith is buying a new computer monitor that displays images using LCD technology.

(a) Explain what is meant by LCD technology.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[3]

(b) State three benefits of LCD technology.

Benefit 1 ...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

Benefit 2 ...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

46 | P a g e
Benefit 3 ...................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................... [3]

14. The data is sent using parallel half-duplex data transmission.

(i) Describe how data is sent using parallel half-duplex data transmission.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [4]
(ii) State two drawbacks of using parallel data transmission.

Drawback 1 .......................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

Drawback 2 .......................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]
15. Five statements are given about devices.

47 | P a g e
Tick (✓) to show if each statement applies to a 3D scanner, barcode reader or a Quick Response (QR)
code reader. Some statements may apply to more than one type of device.
Statement 3dscanner(✓) Barcode reader(✓) QR code

uses position and alignment markers

for orientation when scanning

scans the shape and appearance of

an object

uses reflected light from a laser to

convert a black-and-white pattern
into binary

can often be built into an Electronic

Point Of Sale(EPOS) terminal, for
example, a supermarket checkout it
is an example of an input device [5]

16. The paragraph describes the process of printing a document using an inkjet printer. Complete
the paragraph using the most appropriate terms from the list. Not all of the terms in the list need
to be used.
• binary
• buffer
• drum
• information
• interrupt
• laser
• liquid
• nozzles
• operating system
• powder
• thermal bubble
• toner
Data is sent from the computer to the printer. The data is held in a print

........................................................................ that is temporary storage until the data is processed to

be printed.
Inkjet printers operate by having a print head that moves

........................................................................ side to side across the page. These spray

........................................................................ ink droplets onto the page. These ink droplets

can be created using piezoelectric or

48 | P a g e
........................................................................ technology.

If the paper jams in the printing process, the printing stops and an

........................................................................ is sent to the computer. [5]

(b) A printer is one example of an output device.

Give three other examples of output devices.

Example 1 .................................................................................................................................

Example 2 .................................................................................................................................

Example 3 ................................................................................................................................. [3]

(c) Give three examples of input devices.

Example 1 .................................................................................................................................

Example 2 .................................................................................................................................

Example 3 ................................................................................................................................. [3]

17. A museum has Quick Response (QR) codes that allow visitors to view videos for extra information
about items in the museum.
The visitor is given a portable device with a display screen, that they can use to read each QR code.
(a) Describe how the QR code is read and processed to display the video for the visitor.
...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

49 | P a g e
...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

[4]

(b)The portable device has a Light-Emitting Diode (LED) display screen to allow the visitor to watch a
video. Describe how the LED screen operates to display the video.

...........................................................................................................................................

[4]

50 | P a g e
18. Complete the statements about different types of software.
Use the terms from the list.
Some of the terms in the list will not be used. You should only use a term once.

application assembly language bootloader central processing unit (CPU)

firmware hardware operating output system user

........................................................................ software provides the services that the computer

requires; an example is utility software.

........................................................................ software is run on the operating system.

The ........................................................................ system is run on the firmware, which is run on the

........................................................................ .
[4]

19. A farm has an automated drinking system for its animals. The drinking system has a water bowl
that contains the water. When the water bowl is empty, it is automatically refilled. The system uses
a sensor and a microprocessor.

(a) Identify the most appropriate sensor for this system.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(b) Describe how the sensor and the microprocessor are used to automatically refill the water bowl.

...........................................................................................................................................

51 | P a g e
...........................................................................................................................................

[6]
20. Output devices are used to output data from a computer. Circle three devices that
are output devices.
Actuator digital versatile disk (DVD) keyboard
Microphone mouse printer scanner sensor solid‑state
drive (SSD) speaker
[3]

21. A user’s computer has a central processing unit (CPU) that has a clock speed of
2GHz.
She wants to change it to a CPU that has a clock speed of 3GHz. (a)
(i) State what is meant by clock speed.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Explain the effect this change will have on the performance of the CPU.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]
(b) The CPU contains a memory address register (MAR).
Describe the role of the MAR in the fetch–decode–execute cycle.

...........................................................................................................................................

52 | P a g e
...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(c) The CPU has a list of all the machine code commands it can process. State the name
of this list of commands.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]
22. A washing machine is an example of an embedded system.
(a) Give two characteristics of an embedded system.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

2
................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) Circle three other examples of an embedded system.
Freezer laptop
personal computer (PC) security light system smartphone
vending machine web server
[3]

23. Storage and memory are important components of a computer system. (a) Primary
storage is one type of storage in a computer system.
(i) Tick (3) one box to show which is an example of primary storage.

53 | P a g e
A compact disk (CD)
B hard disk drive (HDD)
C random access memory (RAM)
D solid-state drive (SSD)
[1]

(ii) Give one characteristic of primary storage.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) Virtual memory can be created in a computer system.
Complete the description about virtual memory.
Use the terms from the list.
Some of the terms in the list will not be used. Some terms may be used more than once.

Binary hard disk drive (HDD) hexadecimal operating system

pages random access memory (RAM) read only memory (ROM) sectors
software tracks virtual memory

Virtual memory is used when the ...................................................................... is full. It is

created by partitioning the ...................................................................... . Data is divided into

...................................................................... that can be sent from

...................................................................... to the

...................................................................... to be temporarily stored until they are required. [5]

24. A computer has a central processing unit (CPU).

(a) Circle three components that are built into the CPU.

accumulator (ACC) control unit (CU) graphics card hard

disk drive (HDD) motherboard program counter (PC) random access
memory (RAM) read only memory (ROM) [3]

(b) The CPU has cache.

Explain the purpose of the cache.
...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

54 | P a g e
...........................................................................................................................................
[2]
(c) The CPU has a component that regulates the number of fetch–decode–execute cycles the CPU can
perform in a second.
State the name of this component.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(d) The CPU has a component that carries out all calculations and logical operations. State the name
of this component.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]
25. A company uses cloud storage to store its data.
(a) Tick (3) one box to show which is not a characteristic of cloud storage.

A Data is accessed through a network

B Data is stored locally
C Data is stored remotely
D Physical servers are used to store the data
[1]

(b) Explain two advantages for the owners of the company of storing its data in cloud storage.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

55 | P a g e
[4]
(c) Explain one disadvantage to employees of the company storing data in the cloud.

...........................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

26. A student has a portable tablet computer.

(a) Identify two input devices that could be built into the portable tablet computer.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................
[2]
(b) Identify one output device that could be built into the portable tablet computer.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(c) Identify one type of storage device that could be built into the portable tablet computer.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

27. A computer uses both random access memory (RAM) and secondary storage. (a) State
the purpose of secondary storage.
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(b) One type of secondary storage is optical.
Circle three examples of optical storage.

read only memory (ROM) secure digital (SD) card compact disk (CD)
hard disk drive (HDD) digital versatile disk (DVD)
Blu-ray disk universal serial bus (USB) drive solid-state drive (SSD) [3]

56 | P a g e
(c) Explain why a computer needs RAM.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[3]

(d) The computer processes instructions using the fetch–decode–execute (FDE) cycle.
Draw and annotate a diagram to show the process of the fetch stage of the FDE cycle.

57 | P a g e

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HARDWARE QUESTION chp3

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HARDWARE QUESTION chp3

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HARDWARE QUESTIONS

a) One component is main memory.

a) Identify three registers that may be used. [3]

b) Name three buses used in the fetch-execute cycle. [3] (Q7/3175/12/M/J/21)

a) Data is fetched from primary storage into the CPU to be processed.

21. A computer has a Von Neumann architecture.

INPUT AND OUTPUT DEVICES

10. The Henslows Diner is a local restaurant.

c) All smartphones have a MAC address.

23. State three benefits of LCD technology. [3] (Q8b/13/O/N/20)

29. Billie has purchased a 3D printer.

(a) State one use of a 3D printer. [1] (Q15a/3175/12/M/J/21)

c) Give three examples of input devices. [3] (Q11/11/M/J/22)

32. Five components are shown.

a) Name the two sensors used in this application. [2] (Q6a/01/SP/16)

4. Five sensors and five applications are shown below.

6. A security system is installed in a house. A hexadecimal number is entered to activate or deactivate

7. The processes in a chemical factory are monitored by sensors connected to a microprocessor.

a) Explain what is meant by the term sensor. [2]

10. Four scenarios are given.

4. Andrew sends a large document to a printer.

11. b) Describe one item that is stored in RAM. [2]

c) Explain three ways that RAM is different to ROM. [3] (Q8bc/12/O/N/17)

14. A computer uses RAM and ROM to store data. (Q22/12/O/N/18)

c) Explain what is meant by off-line storage. [2]

a) Creating a backup of 150GB of data. [2]

b) Storing applications on a tablet device. [2]

18. A finance company uses off-line storage to archive their accounts.

a) Explain what is meant by off-line storage. [2]

a) Explain two differences between a DVD and a Blu-ray. [2] (Q4a/12/M/J/19)

a) One component is main memory.

a) Give three similarities between a CD and a DVD. [3]

b) State one difference between a CD and a DVD. [1] (Q9/13/O/N/20)

b) i) Give one example of magnetic storage. [1]

ii) Give one example of optical storage [1]

a) Identify three examples of optical data storage. [3]

CLOUD STORAGE & VIRTUAL MEMORY

2. A finance company uses cloud storage to archive their accounts.

a) Describe what is meant by cloud storage. [2]

3. a) Describe what is meant by cloud storage. [2]

1. 1A – 16 – C5 – 22 – FF – FF is an example of a MAC address. (Q4c/12/O/N/15)

2. Hexadecimal codes are used in MAC addresses. (Q2/11/M/J/16)

a) State what is meant by the term MAC. [1]

4. Describe what is meant by an Internet Protocol (IP) address. [4] (Q3b/13/O/N/17)

5. Explain what is meant by a MAC address. [4] (Q1b/11/M/J/19)

7. Benedict’s computer is also assigned a Media Access Control (MAC) address.

8. The Internet relies on the use of IP addressing.

a) State what the letters IP represent.

b) Describe the role of an IP address. [2] (Q3/3175/12/M/J/21)

a) Give two similarities between a MAC address and an IP address. [2]

b) Give two differences between a MAC address and an IP address. [2]

11. Describe what is meant by a MAC address. [4] (Q1b/01/SP/23)

12. A web server has an internet protocol (IP) address.

(a) Explain what is meant by LCD technology.

(b) State three benefits of LCD technology.

14. The data is sent using parallel half-duplex data transmission.

uses position and alignment markers

scans the shape and appearance of

uses reflected light from a laser to

can often be built into an Electronic

........................................................................ that is temporary storage until the data is processed to

........................................................................ side to side across the page. These spray

........................................................................ ink droplets onto the page. These ink droplets

........................................................................ is sent to the computer. [5]

(b) A printer is one example of an output device.

Example 3 ................................................................................................................................. [3]

(c) Give three examples of input devices.

Example 3 ................................................................................................................................. [3]

application assembly language bootloader central processing unit (CPU)

........................................................................ software provides the services that the computer

........................................................................ software is run on the operating system.

The ........................................................................ system is run on the firmware, which is run on the

(a) Identify the most appropriate sensor for this system.

© UCLES 2023 2210/12/O/N/23 [Turn over

(ii) Give one characteristic of primary storage.

Binary hard disk drive (HDD) hexadecimal operating system