BUSINESS STUDIES

PROJECT GUIDELINES

Topic 1: Project on elements of business environment for class 12

Students are supposed to pick in any one element of the following:

1. Changes witnessed over the last few years on mode of packaging and its
economic impact
 The changes in transportation of fruits and vegetables such as cardboard
crates being used in place of wooden crates, etc. Reasons for above
changes.
 Milk being supplied in glass bottles, later in plastic bags and now in tetra-
pack and through vending machines.
 Plastic furniture [doors and stools] gaining preference over wooden
furniture.
 The origin of cardboard and the various stages of changes and growth.
 Brown paper bags packing to recycled paper bags to plastic bags and
cloth bags.
 Re use of packaging [bottles, jars and tins] to attract customers for their
products.
 The concept of pyramid packaging for milk.
 Cost being borne by the consumer/manufacturer.
 Packaging used as means of advertisements.

2.The reasons behind changes in the following:

 Coca – Cola and Fanta in the seventies to Thumbs up and Campa Cola in
the eighties to Pepsi and Coke in nineties.
o The students may be required to enquire about:
o Reasons of stopping the manufacturing of the above mentioned drinks
in India THEN.
o The introduction of Thums up and Campa cola range.
o Re-entry of Coke and introduction of Pepsi in the Indian market.
o Factors responsible for the change.
o Other linkages with the above.
o Leading brands and the company having the highest market share.
o Different local brands venturing in the Indian market.
o The rating of the above brands in the market.
 o The survival and reasons of failure in competition with the international
brands.
o Other observations made by the students

3. Changing role of the women in the past 25 years relating to joint families,
nuclear families, women as a bread earner of the family, changes in the
requirement trend of mixers, washing machines, micro wave and standard of
living.
4. The changes in the pattern of import and export of different products.
5. The trend in the changing interest rates and their effect on savings.
6. A study on child labor laws, its implementation and consequences.
7. The state of ‘anti plastic campaign,’ the law, its effects and
implementation.
8. The laws of mining /setting up of industries, rules and regulations, licenses
required for running that business.
9. Social factors affecting acceptance and rejection of an identified product.
(Dish washer, Atta maker, etc.)
10. What has the effect of change in environment on the types of goods and
services?
The students can take examples like:
 Washing machines, micro waves, mixers and grinder.
 Need for crèche, day care center for young and old.
 Ready to eat food, eating food outside, and tiffin centers.
11. Change in the man-machine ratio with technological advances resulting
in change of cost structure.
12. Effect of changes in technological environment on the behavior of
employee.
Topic 2: Principles of Management Project Class 12

The students are required to visit any one of the following:

 A departmental store.
 An Industrial unit.
 A fast food outlet.
 Any other organization approved by the teacher.
They are required to observe the application of the general principles of
management advocated by Fayol. Fayol’s principles:
 Division of work.
 Unity of command.
 Unity of direction.
 Scalar chain
 Espirit de corps
 Fair remuneration to all.
 Order.
 Equity.
 Discipline
 Subordination of individual interest to general interest.
 Initiative.
 Centralization and decentralization.
 Stability of tenure.
OR
They may enquire into the application of scientific management techniques
by F.W. Taylor in the unit visited. Scientific techniques of management:
 Functional foremanship.
 Standardization and simplification of work.
 Method study.
 Motion Study.
 Time Study.
 Fatigue Study
 Differential piece rate plan.
Topic 3: Stock Exchange Project for Class 12 CBSE

The students are expected to:

 Develop a brief report on History of Stock Exchanges in India.
 Prepare a list of at least 25 companies listed on a Stock Exchange.
 To make an imaginary portfolio totaling a sum of INR 50,000 equally in
any of the 5 companies of their choice listed above over a period of twenty
working days.
The students may be required to report the prices of the stocks on daily
basis and present it diagrammatically on the graph paper. During this period
of recording students are supposed to distinctively record the daily and
starting and closing prices of the week other days under the negotiable
instrument act so that they acquire knowledge about closing and opening
prices.
The students may conclude by identifying the causes in the fluctuations of
prices. The students are expected to find the value of their investments and
accordingly rearrange their portfolio. The project work should cover the
following aspects;
 Graphical presentation of the share prices of different companies on
different dates.
 Change in market value of shares due to change of seasons, festivals,
natural and human disasters.
 Change in market value of shares due to change in political environment/
policies of various countries/crisis in developed countries or any other
reasons
 Identify the top ten companies out of the 25 selected on the basis of their
market value of shares. (It does not matter if they have made profits or
losses.)
Topic 4: Marketing project topics for class 12

To begin with, the students must choose a product/service. The chosen

product/service should not be one whose consumption/use is discouraged by
the society and government.
Now the students are required to make a project on the identified
product/service keeping in mind the following:
 Why have they selected this product/service?
 Find out ‘5’ competitive brands that exist in the market.
 What permission and licenses would be required to make the product?
 What are your competitors Unique Selling Proposition? [U.S.P.]
 Does your product have any range give details?
 What is the name of your product?
 Enlist its features.
 Draw the ‘Label’ of your product.
 Draw a logo for your product.
 Draft a tag line.
 What is the selling price of your competitor’s product?
o Selling price to consumer
o Selling price to retailer
o Selling price to wholesaler
o What is the profit margin in percentage to the Manufacturer,
Wholesaler, and Retailer?
o How will your product be packaged?
o Which channel of distribution are you going to use? Give reasons for
selection?
o Decisions related to warehousing, state reasons.
o What is going to be your selling price?
 To consumer
 To retailer
 To wholesaler
 List 5 ways of promoting your product.
 Any schemes for
 The wholesaler
 The retailer
 The consumer
  What is going to be your ‘U.S.P?
 What means of transport you will use and why?
 Draft a social message for your label.
 What cost effective techniques will you follow for your product.
 What cost effective techniques will you follow for your promotion
plan.
 Social Message

Presentation Tips for Business studies project for class 12 CBSE

At the end of the stipulated term, each student will prepare and submit
his/her project report.
Following essentials are required to be fulfilled for its preparation and
submission.
1. The total length of the project will be of 25 to 30 pages.
2. The project should be handwritten.
3. The project should be presented in a neat folder.
4. The project report should be developed in the following sequence: Cover
page should include the title of the project, student information, school and
year followed by the list of contents, acknowledgements and preface
(acknowledging the institution, the places visited and the persons who have
helped), introduction, topic with suitable heading, planning and activities
done during the project, if any, observations and findings of the visit,
conclusions (summarized suggestions or findings, future scope of study),
photographs (if any), appendix, teacher’s observation, and signatures of the
teachers.

Allocation of Marks = 20 Marks

 The marks will be allocated under the following heads:
 Initiative, cooperativeness and participation - 2 Mark
 Creativity in presentation - 2 Mark
 Content, observation and research work - 4 Marks
 Analysis of situations - 4 Marks
 Viva - 8 Marks