Institute of Aviation Final Exam - 30/12/ 2018

Engineering & Technology 3 rd Year - 1st Term

Aerospace Department Name: Dr. Osama Gaheen
Propulsion {I) Full Mark (70) - Time 3 hours
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Note: Using of Heat Transfer Data Sheets is allowed -The examination consists of 3 pages / 7 questions

Question 1: (12 Marks)

A composite wall as shown in the fig (1) of height H and unit length normal to
the page is insulated at its ends and is comprised of four different materials,
arranged as shown in the diagram.

r
¢
h2
hl
H Tm2
Too1

Fig (1)
1
Xl X2 X3

a) Draw the electrical analog of the thermal resistance.

b) Consider a wall for which HA = H0 = 3 m, H8 = He = 1.5 m, X1 = X3 =
0.05 m,X = 0.10 m. kA = ko = S0W/m°C, kB= 10W/m°C, 2and kc=
2
1 W/m°C, under conditions for which Too 1 = 200°C, h 1 = 50 W/m °C, T002 =
25°C, and h = 10 W/m 2 °C. What is the rate of heat transfer through the
2
wall?
c) What are the interface temperatures, T1 and T2

Question 2: (10 Marks)

Consider a homogeneous spherical piece of radioactive material 7
of 3radius r O =
0.04 m that is generating heat at a constant rate of g = 4x10 W/m • The heat
generated is dissipated to the environment steadily. The outer surface of the
sphere is maintained at a uniform temperature of 80°C and the thermal
conductivity of the sphere is k = 15 W/m. C. Assuming steady one-dimensional
0
2
heat transfer and the heat transfer coefficient of the ambient h = 10 W/m °C; 0

(a) Calculate the critical radius of insulation with k insulation= 0.25 W/m. C.
(b) Drive temperature distribution equation by solving the differential equation.
(c) Determine the maximum temperature of the sphere.
 I
Question 3: (10 Marks)

(a) What _is the difference between the fin effectiveness and the fin efficiency?
(b) ~ons1_der a low carbon steel rod (k = 15.1 W/m°C) , - ,., w,.,
partially immersed in liquid nitrogen at -100°C in a lap T FJS ( 2)

at 25°C as shown in the fig (2). The handle of the rod

has a cross section of 2 mm x 1 mm, and extends 50
mm. in the air from the free surface of the liquid
l
L

111,;;
-"'~ ~ ~

nitrogen. If the heat transfer coefficient at the exposed

surfaces of the rod handle is 30 W /m 2 °C, determine the
tip temperature of the rod.

Question 4: (10 Marks)

( p = 8085 kg/m , k = 15.1 W/m°C, C =
3
Stainless steel ball bearings
0.480 kJ/kg°C, and a = 3.91 x 10- m /s) having a diameter of 1.2 cm are to be
6 2

quenched in water. The balls leave the oven as shown in the fig (3) at a uniform
temperature of 900°C and are exposed to air at 30°C for a while before they are
dropped into the water. If the temperature of the balls is not to fall below 850°C
prior to quenching and the heat transfer Fmnace Air, 30 °c
2
coefficient in the air is 125 W/m °C, - ~ Steelbails
determine how long they can stand in the 900°C __.
air before being dropped into the water. ".:': Q :::' A A
If 2500 balls are to be quenched per Ll _ Ll Ll
hour, determine the total rate of heat
transfer from the balls to the air. Fig (3)

Question 5: (12Marks)
(A)- A hot steam pipe of 10 m in length, and 20 mm D-201
:l-150
9; C - concr,te
diameter embedded eccentrically in a circular 1 symmetrical
concrete pipe having a thermal conductivity (K= 0.5 s~clioa

W /m.K). By using flux plot technique, find the shape TZ-35 C

factor and heat transfer rate. As shown in the fig( 4) R •40mm

Fig (4)

(B)-A long bar as shown in the figure is 60 mm by 30

90 mm on a side and has thermal conductivity -.::<;

of 1 W/m °C. Three surfaces are exposed to a convection =:T-m_ j30
process with air at 50°C and a convection coefficient ::: T_ h 1 2 J::,; 90
of 100 W/m 2 °C, and the other three surfaces is 3 4

maintained at 250°C. Using a grid spacing of 30 mm and Ts

the Gauss-Seidel method, determine the nodal -60 -
temperatures 1, 2, 3, and 4. As shown in the fig(5) Fig (5)
Question 6: (10 Marks)
C?nsider a rectangular isothennal winglet as shown in the fig (6) of 0.5m
width and 1.5m length with a film of ice layer. The airplane standing on the
runway before take-off at quiescent atmospheric air at T •= -3 °C Calculate
th . h air •
e mam eat transfer coefficient and the heat transfer rate with wing let
angle of 60 ° and winglet ofunifonn top surface temperature Ts= 158 C •
0

The Nusselt number over the winglet;

hlc
Nu = k = O.56(Ra. cos0) 0 25
·

10 5 < Ra < 10 11
Determine the amount of removed-ice (;ce ) by gm/hr corresponding to the
calculated heat transfer rate.

!Question 7: (12 Marks)

A submarine in a military surface maneuver as shown in the fig (7) with
velocity of 90 km/h in the North Atlantic Ocean where the ambient
atmospheric temperature is -20 °C with turbulent flow. Un anti - icing
system by heating technique is to be designed to keep the sail planes of
submarine above freezing temperatureTs=25 °C Assume the sail planes as
a horizontal flat plate with W =100 cm width.
1- The average heat transfer coefficient on the sail planes surface
2- The heat transfer rate per unit length (W/m)

Fig (7)

Good Luck
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