Rajasthan

-2024-25
Dr Sudhir Kumar
Economy
Topics that students should read: सतत विकास लक्ष्य (SDG)
पर्यटन
आर्थिक समीक्षा (Economic review) भूजल स्तर + उससे संबंधित योजनाएँ
आर्थिक परिदृश्य (Eco. outlook) सूखा और अकाल
ग्रामीण क्षेत्र / पंचायती राज (Rural) गरीबी
औद्योगिक विकास (Industry) प्रमुख संस्थान
सेवा क्षेत्र (Services)
शहरीकरण (Urbanization)
शिक्षा और स्वास्थ्य
सामाजिक योजनाएँ
वित्त

नीचे महत्वपूर्ण डाटा है, जो पीले रंग में हाइलाइटेड है, या लाल रंग में है वो ज्यादा इम्पोर्टेन्ट है
Eco review data
Most Important Data Type 2022-23 2023-24

Real 7,82,287 cr (7.81% up) 8,45,115 cr (8.03% up)

Gross state domestic product
Nominal 13,57,851 cr (13.63% up) 15,28,385 cr (12.56% up)

Real 6,85,105 cr 7,40,581 cr

Net state domestic product
Nominal 12,15,197 cr 13,69,477 cr

Agriculture 27.44% 26.21%

REAL GVA sectorial
Industry 28.38% 29.84%
contriubtion
Services 44.18% 43.95%
 Agriculture 27.26% 26.72%
NOMINAL GVA sectorial
Industry 27.42% 28.21%
contriubtion
Services 45.32% 45.07%

Real 84,935 rs 90,831 rs

Per capita Income
Nominal 1,50,653 rs (2023) 1,67,964 rs (2024)

Total grains produced 252.80 mt (2023) 245.01 mt (2024)

Industrial production index 136.93 (2023) 153.77 (2024)

Retail Price Index 388.45 (2023) 387.90 (2024)

Total Energy production 23,509 MW 24,784 MW

राजस्थान की आधारभूत जानकारी. 2011 का डाटा है - Very important
Indicator Raj India
Geographical area 3.42 lakh sq km 32.87 lakh sq km
Population 6.85 crore 121.09 crore
Decadal growth rate in % 21.3 17.7
Population density 200 382
Urban population in % 24.9 31.2
Scheduled castes in % 17.8 16.6
Scheduled Tribes in % 13.5 8.6
Sex ratio 928 943
Child sex ratio 888 919
Literacy rate 66.1 (79.2 M, 52.1 F) 73.0 (80.9 M, 64.6 F)
Labour participation ratio 43.6 39.8
Crude Birth rate 23.5/ 1000 people 19.5/1000 people
Crude Death rate 5.6/ 1000 People 6.0 /1000 people
Important Statistics
Total population 6.85 crore (but 7.93 cr approximated now) 5.67% of India’s popu.
Males, Females 3.5 crore & 3.3 crore
Urban population 26.33% (2021 Approximate)
Urban males 1.09 crore (2021 approx.)
Urban females 1 crore (2021 approx.)
Sex ratio 928 (Urban 914, Rural 933)
Max increment Jaisalmer
Least reduction Dungarpur - 994 already
Best sex ratio districts Dungarpur 994, Rajsamand 990, Pali 987, Pratapgarh 983
Worst districts Dhaulpur 846, Jaisalmer 852, Karauli 861, Bharatpur 880
Max urban sex ratio Tonk 985, Banswara 964
Least urban sex ratio Jaisalmer 807, Dhaulpur 864
Max rural sex ratio Pali 1003
Least rural sex ratio Dhaulpur 841
Statistics related to Tribals in Rajastan
Total population 17.83%
Scheduled castes Max in Jaipur, Ganganagar, Nagaur
Least in Dungarpur, Pratapgarh, Banswara
Total population 13.48%
Scheduled Tribes Max in Banswara, Dungarpur, Pratapgarh
Least in Nagaur, Bikaner, Churu, Ganganagar

Approximately 52.8% (Census 2011); lower than the state average of

Tribal Literacy Rate
66.1%.

Female Tribal Literacy

Around 37.4% (Census 2011); reflects significant gender disparity.
Rate

Estimated at 47-50% among tribal communities (Tendulkar

Tribal Poverty Rate
Committee estimates, 2011-12).
Key Tribal Groups Bhil, Meena, Garasia, Sahariya, Damor, Kathodi.
Maternal Mortality Ratio
Approx. 244 per 100,000 live births
(MMR)
Approx. 50-60 per 1,000 live births (higher than state average
Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)
IMR of 32).
Child Malnutrition Rate Over 40% tribal children under five are underweight
Access to Safe Drinking Only around 60-65% tribal households have access to safe
Water drinking water.
High at 49.9%, primarily in agricultural and manual labor
Workforce Participation Rate
(Census 2011).
Child sex ratio (Total 15.54% of population is 0-6 age group)
CSR 874 (reduced from 887 in 2001)
Urban Max Nagaur 907, Bikaner 906
least Dhaulpur 841, Ganganagar 842
CSR 892 (reduced from 914 in 2001)
Rural Max Banswara
least Jhunjhnu

Literacy rate = 66.1 (79.2 M, 52.1 F) overall Rajasthan. Overall 5.7% increment since 2001.

79.70%
Urban Max in = Udaipur, Banswara, Pratapgarh
Least in = Nagaur, Jalor, Churu
Rural 61.40%
Max growth in literacy Dungarpur, Banswara
Males max literate Jhunjhnu
Males least literate Pratapgarh
Females max literate Kota
Females least literate Jalor, Sirohi
Max population (in general) Jaipur 30.5 lakh, Jodhpur, Kota, Bikaner.
Least population Banswara
Max urbanisation Kota city > Jaipur > Ajmer
Least urban population Jalore, Pratapgrah, Banswara, Dungarpur
Max population density Jaipur 585, Bharatpur 503, Dausa 476 (Per sq km)
Least population density Jaisalmer 17, Bikaner 78, Barmer 92 (Per sq km)
Max working population Prataparh
Least working population Jaipur
Average working population 43.6%
Indicator Raj India
Infant mortality rate 32/1000 live births 28/1000 live births
Maternal mortality rate 113/1,00,000 live births 97/1,00,000 live births
Life expectancy at birth 69.4 years 70 years

ये ट्रेंड भी इम्पोर्टेन्ट है, पिछले वर्ष की तुलना में इतना बदलाव हुआ है (वृद्धि)
% growth in 2023-24 compared to 2022-23 Raj India
Real 8.03% 8.15%
GDP growth rate
Nominal 12.56% 9.60%
Per capita Income growth rate Real 6.94% 7.38%
Nominal 11.49% 8.68%

Sectorial contribution in 2023-24 Raj India

Agriculture 26.72% 17.66%
Industry 28.21% 27.62%
Service sector 45.07% 54.72%
Base year हमेशा याद रखें, पूछा जा सकता है की राजस्थान का इतना हाई क्यों

Retail price index Raj (1999-2000) base year India (2011-12 base year)
2022 385.83
151.3
2023 387.90 (0.54% growth)

Rainfall Raj
1 June -30 sept 2023 499.60 mm which is 14.69% higher than usual
Normal rainfall (Usual) 435.60 mm

2 Important schemes here: + (Method to make short notes)

TOFR = Trees outside of forest Rajasthan = Under Rajasthan greening and Rewilding
mission. Started in 2023-24. Aimed at increasing tree cover outside forests. 5 crore trees
every year.

PM Agriculture irrigation scheme = 60:40 centre-state. Drip and Sprinkler method.

Service sector contribution in Rajasthan?

Sectorial contribution of
45.07%
service sect.
Max contribution Business, Hotels and beverages
Tourism directorate 1955-56 established in Rajasthan
RTDC 1 April 1979
Tourism declared as an
1989 on Yunus Khan committee’s sugg.
industry
New tourism policy 9 sept 2020
Rural tourism policy 5 December 2022
Logo of Rajasthan tourism Padharo mhare desh
Tag line Rajasthan lage kuch apna sa
Movie tourism policy 18 April 2022 (gives 15% or 2 crore subsidy on production cost)
Industry
Rajasthan के औद्योगिक क्षेत्र के बारे में बताइये

Sectorial contribution 28.21%

Growth rate 12.43%
MSME Policy + Rajasthan handicraft policy 17 September 2022
Total type of Minerals in Rajastan 81
Currently mined minerals 58
17
Metals
With monopoly in Lead and Zinc
39
Non metals
With monopoly in Selenite, Wollastonite
Fuel minerals 3
Which is 2nd highest producer of crude oil Rajasthan. (1st Gujarat)
Minor Minerals Marble, Sandstone, Granite
Rajasthan main कौनसे नए औद्योगिक क्षेत्र विकसित किये जा रहे हैं?
Developed by RIICO in 2023
(Arranged north to south for better memorization)

Raajas Nagaur
Kunjbiharipura Jaipur
Osiyan Jodhpur
Dharmpura Badmer
Nainwa Bundi
Nadol
Pali
Bakrana
Umariya Jhalawar
Maal ki Tus
Udaipur
Malwa ka chaura

जिनमे ‘की,का’ है वो उदयपुर में हैं. Can remember like = Maharana pratap childhood name also Kika
Rajasthan main विशेष पार्क या क्षेत्र के बारे में बताइये ?

Medical Technology Device park Boranada, Jodhpur

Resource recovery park Jamwaramgarh tholai, Jaipur
Sports goods park / Toys park Khushkhera industrial area, Bhiwadi

What are govt. initiatives towards industrial development, give example?

RIICO, Raj govt, FICCI organized in Sitapura,

India stonemart exhibition
Jaipur
19 May 2023.
CM Yuva udhyam protsahan yojana
Loan providing scheme (25 lakh to 1 crore)
11 Oct 2022.
CM Small commercial vehicle self employment
18-45 year old people, Can get subsidy either
scheme
60,000 rs or 10% of selling price of Vehicle.
Bhimrao ambedkar SC ST udhyam protsahan Loan providing schme.
yojana Max limit 10 crore rs.
Comment on Crude oil production in Rajasthan?

4 Basins spread across 1,50,000 sq km area.

Petrol producing areas
14.59% contribution in India (2nd in Ind. after Mumbai high)
Mineral oil maximum in Sedimentary rocks
Oil sources
Max found in Barmer in Rajasthan

Oil producing areas in Durga, Mangala, Gudamalani, Koslu, Sindhari, Magga ki dhani, Hathi
Barmer ki dhani, Jagasariya
Jaisalmer Sadhewal, Dewal, Bhakhri tibba
Bikaner Baghe-wala, Kalre-wala, Tawri-wala
Hanumangarh Nanuwala
Ganganagar Bijhwayla
Important areas Mangala, Bhagyam, Aishwarya, Saraswati, Kameshwari, Rageshwari

सबके अंत में वाला है इसलिए ट्रिक काम नहीं करती, याद रखें ज्यादातर एरिया वेस्ट राजस्थान में
है । बाड़मेर और जैसलमेर के याद रखें कम से कम
What does Rajasthan Export?
Engineering goods, Ornaments, Metal, Clothes, Handicraft (Top 5 things). 65%
Exports
contribution in total exports.

Comment on initiatives for Unemployed and labour?

CM Yuva sambal yojana = 4000 rs for males, 4500 for females per month.
Unemployed
Maximum for 2 years. 4 hours internship necessary in various departments.
E shram portal 26 august 2021 launch.
Khadi kaamgar
protsahan 13 July 2022. For providing enough payment to Khadi workers.
yojana

Natural gas centres in Rajasthan?

Ghotaru, Manihari tibba, Chinnewala tibba, Tanot, Dandewala, Gamnewala,
Jaisalmer
Kamliwala, Ramgarh, Shahgarh, Bagi tibba, Kharatar
Barmer Rageshwari
Comment on Energy resources in Rajasthan?
Installed capacity in 2024 24,783 megawatt
High voltage distribution network in raj. 44,232 kilometers
Electrified villages 43,965 villages
Total electricity available 11,204 crore units
Total renewable energy POTENTIAL 400 gigawatts
Installed renewable energy 23 gigawatts

Comment on Solar and wind Energy in Rajasthan?

Solar energy POTENTIAL 142 gigawatts (only 20 gw installed)

Wind energy POTENTIAL 284 gigawats (only 5 gw installed)
Good solar radition (6-7 kw-m/ day)
Why potential high?
Good number of solar days (325<)
19 dec 2019. Aimed at creating 30 gw energy by 2024-25. 4 gw wind
Solar wind energy policy
energy.
Comment on Biomass energy in Rajasthan?
Mustard waste, Acacia.
Sources
Rajasthan has 14 biomass energy production centres.
Total energy 128.45 megawatts.
First centre Padampura, Sriganganagar.
Latest policy 29 sept 2023. Waste to Energy policy.
Energy conservation day 14 december

Comment on Transport network in Rajasthan?

Total length of roads 3,01,810 km
Rural roads 1,91,547 km
Total State highway length 17,348 km
Total National highway length 10,789 km
Road density 88.18 km / 100 sqkm (165.24 for India)
Total revenue 6700 crore (9.4% growth)
PM Gram sadak yojana 25 dec 2000
Bharat Mala scheme 2017
E-vehicle policy 2022 5 years subsidization policy
PM Janman scheme Related to Baran district (Road development)
E-license and E-registration 8 Feb 2024 launched in Rajasthan
Sadak suraksha web portal February 2024 by Raj. knowledge corp ltd.
First Vande bharat train Ajmer- Delhi
First railway test track Navan, Jodhpur
Total post offices 11,049
Pali district, Goram ghat pass. (Connects Marwar jn. to
First Vistadome Heritage train
Khamli ghat)
Comment on Major connectivity projects in Rajasthan?

Srinagar (J&K) to Kanyakumari (TN) via NH-44

North South corridor
3806 km length, Passes through Dhaulpur of Rajasthan
Silachar (Assam) to Porbandar (Guajarat) via NH-27
East West corridor 3507 km length, Passes through Pindwada (Sirohi), Udaipur,
Chittor, Bhilwara, Bundi, Kota and Baran.
N-S and E-W corridor Meeting point = Jhansi (UP)
1386 km of which 373 km is in Rajasthan. Passes through Alwar,
Delhi- Mumbai Exp way
Bharatpur, Dausa, Sawaimadhopur, Tonk, Bundi, Kota
Delhi Vadodara greenfield 1350 km of which 374 km is in Rajasthan. Passes through Alwar,
Expressway Bharatpur, Dausa, Sawaimadhopur, Tonk, Bundi, Kota
Amritsar-Jaamnagar Exp
1257 km of which 637 km is in Rajasthan. Passes through
way aka Sangriya Sanchor
Ganganagar, Hanumangarh, Bikaner, Jodhpur, Barmer, Jalore.
Santhalpur exp way
Budget 2024 main Rajasthan ke liye 9 greenfield expressway ban rahe hain, unke bare
main bataiye?
Total length 2756 km Ajmer - Banswara 358 km
Jaipur - Jodhpur 350 km Kothputli- Sriganganagar 290 km
Jaipur- Falodi 345 km Kothputli - Kishangarh 181 km
Jaipur- Bhilwara 193 km Kothputli- Bikaner 295 km
Vyawar- Bharatpur 342 km 3 जयपुर से हैं और 3 कोटपुतली से
Jalore- Jhalawar 402 km Jalore jhalawar = longest
Rajasthan state highway INVESTMENT program = Asian development bank
Rajasthan state highway DEVELOPMENT program = World bank

Total railway track length in Rajasthan = 68,043 km.

RITI => Rajasthan’s NITI ayog => Apno agrini rajasthan theme + Vision 2047.
Urbanization most and least

Max urbanisation Least Urbanisation

Kota Dungarpur
Jaipur Barmer
Ajmer Banswara

Tourists in year 2023 18 crore

Chittorgarh, Kumbhalgarh, Ranthambore, Jaisalmer’s Sonargarh,
UNESCO World heritage
Amer, Gagron, Keoladeo, Jaipur city, Jantar mantar of Jaipur,
sites
Walled city of Jaipur
Maharaja Jai Singh II (Sawai Jai singh) of Jaipur constructed five
Jantar Mantar in total, in New Delhi, Jaipur, Ujjain, Mathura and
Please note Varanasi; they were completed between 1724 and 1735.

Jaipur was also established by Sawai Jai singh in 1727.

Price Indexes
Directorate of Economics and
Weekly data gathering since 1957
Statistics (DES)
CPI for Industrial workers Labour bureau, Chandigarh
Base year is 1999-2000, Released Monthly, 154 materials, value
Rajasthan WPI
is 387.90 (2023), 0.54% increment
CPI for Industrial Workers (IW) - Base year is 2016
Labour bureau, Chandigarh CPI for Agricultural Labourers (AL) - Base year is 1987
CPI for Rural Labourers (RL)
CSO CPI for Urban Non-Manual Employees (UNME)
NSO, Delhi Rural CPI, Urban CPI, Combined CPI - Base year is 2012
In Rajasthan Alwar, Jaipur, Bhilwara centres for CPI calculation (Industrial)

Rural CPI is 180.41, Urban CPI is 179.10, Combined CPI is 179.95. Rajasthan WPI is 387.90.
Gross fixed asset formation = 4 lakh crore rs. (29.45% of GPR), 12.78% increment.
Agriculture

Agriculture Gross GVA (Real) 2.05 Lakh crore rs. (3.86% annual growth)
Agriculture Gross GVA (Nominal) 3.82 Lakh crore (9.99% annual growth)
Sectors of Agri. Farming, Livestock, Fisheries, Forestry
Farming 44.53%
Livestock 48.56% (Milk 80% > Meat 6.35% > Eggs 0.64%)
Forestry 6.40%
Fisheries 0.49%
Rabi crops (Winter sown) Rai, Mustard, Wheat, Chana, Pea, Methi, Rajma, Sunflower
Kharif crops (Summer sown) Peanut, Cotton, Baajra, Maize, Mung, Moth, Rice
Comment on Land usage in Rajasthan? (Can be asked why so much land is barren?)

भूमि उपयोग के प्रकार प्रतिशत

वानिकी 8.09%

कृ षि के अतिरिक्त अन्य उपयोग भूमि (Road, building,

5.92%
homes etc)

ऊसर तथा कृ षि अयोग्य भूमि 6.89%

स्थायी चरागाह और अन्य गोचर भूमि 4.82%

वृक्षों के झुण्ड तथा बाग के अन्तर्गत 0.09%

बं जर भूमि 10.39%
अन्य चालू पड़त भूमि 5.68

चालू पड़त 4.38

शुद्ध बोया गया क्षेत्रफल 52.34

Average size of Farms 2.73 hectare

Total farm owners 76.55 lakh (7.75 lakh females, almost 10%)

शुद्ध बोया गया क्षेत्रफल 52% = Rajasthan is still an agriculture priority state
Barren land close to 10% = Shows desertification, problems of Soil fertility (Acidity,
Basicity), Invasive species etc.

Note = Panchayati raj started in Rajasthan (2 Oct, 1959 by JL Nehru) from Bagdari village
in Nagaur.
 Baajra, Sarson or Mustard, Oil seeds, Gwar 87% of India
Rajasthan first in
(Cluster bean)

Rajasthan second in Millets, Peanuts

Rajasthan third in Pulses, Chana (Chickpea), Jwar (Sorghum), Soyabean

Total agro climatic zones 10 zones total

Total agri-scientific centres 47 (731 in India)

Comment on MGNREGA in Rajasthan?

Launched = Andhra in 2 feb, 2006. 33% women. Guaranteed employment in 15

days. 10% extra wage if site is > 5km away from village. 125 days employment
Brief
for normal. For ST (Khairua, Saharia, Kathodi) = 200 days. 285 rs/day wage.
(Highest in Haryana 357 rs).

Unskilled: ₹285 per day, Semi-skilled: ₹297 per day, Skilled: ₹309 per day
Min wages
Highly skilled: ₹359 per day
Comment on Latest finance commission in Rajasthan

Serial 6th FC. (For 5 years, 21-22 to 25-26)

Chairman Pradhyumn Singh

Members Lakshman singh, Ashok Lohati, SC Derashri

1st chairman of State FC Krishna kumar goyal (1994)

6.75% of net tax revenue

Suggested devolution Distributed as 75.10% for Panchayati raj insti. and 24.90% for
Municipalities

Rural Non Farm Development Agency - 1995 (Jaipur)

RUDA for rural non farm Works in = Leather, Woolen, Clothes, Minor minerals.
sector
RUDA works for G.I tags obtaining for state products.
Latest GI Tags in Rajasthan:

Total GI tags 22

Pichwai paintings = Rajsamand

Bandhej & Mathaniya mirch = Jodhpur
Latest Koftgiri = Udaipur
Sojat mehendi = Pali
Kashidakari & Usta Kala = Bikaner

One district one product (Learn for your district from internet)

Jaipur Gems, Jewellery, Garments, Furniture, Toys, Services export

Bikaner Bikaneri namkeen, Ceramics, Woolen carpets

Bundi Rice

Jaisalmer Yellow marble

Food and other parks

Agro food parks 4 => Boranada Jodhpur, Kota, Alwar, Ganganagar

Agriculture and Food In Jodhpur, by RIICO (est 28/03/1969 as RSIMDC, later split
Processing area in 1980 in RICCO and RSMDC)

Medical devices Boranada Jodhpur

Integrated resource recovery Jamwaramgarh-Tholai, Jaipur

Sports goods and toys Khushkheda, Bhiwadi

Japanese zone 49 units in Neemrana Alwar

Gems park Sitapura Jaipur

Green Hydrogen energy and Renewable energy

Renewable energy policy 6 Oct 2023

2025 37.5 GW aim

2029 90 GW aim

29 sept 2023, 50 lakh tonn green hydrogen production

Green hydrogen policy
aimed by 2030

Launch from Bhaloji Village, Kothputli, Jaipur

PM Kusum scheme 2019-20 Solar energy based pumps (max 7.5 hp) provided on subsidy
Subsidy scheme = 30% centre, 30% state, 40% own

22 Jan 2024 launch. Free solar panels on 1 crore houses.

PM Suryodaya scheme
Jaipur, Jodhpur, Sikar districts in Rajasthan chosen.

Lignite park (non renewable) Gurha (Bikaner) 125 mw

First refinery in Rajasthan Pachpadra, Barmer (2017)

Geography
Constituted from = Specially asked

New District Constituted from Didwana-Kuchaman Nagaur

Balotra Barmer Neem ka Thana Sikar
Beawar Ajmer Phalodi Jodhpur
Kekri Ajmer Sanchore Jalore
Deeg Bharatpur Shahpura Bhilwara
Dudu Jaipur
Kotputli-Behror Jaipur and Alwar
Anoopgarh Ganganagar
Khairthal-Tijara Alwar
Salumbar Udaipur
Gangapur City Sawai Madhopur
Jaipur North Jaipur (Urban areas)
Jaipur South Jaipur (Urban areas)

सं भाग का नाम ज़िले

अजमेर सं भाग अजमेर, ब्यावर, के कड़ी, टोंक, नागौर, डीडवाना-कु चामन, शाहपुरा

भरतपुर सं भाग भरतपुर, धौलपुर, करौली, डीग, गं गापुरसिटी, सवाई माधोपुर

कोटा सं भाग कोटा, बूं दी, बारां, झालावाड़

जोधपुर सं भाग जोधपुर, जोधपुर ग्रामीण, फलौदी, जैसलमेर, बाड़मेर, बालोतरा

उदयपुर सं भाग उदयपुर, चित्तौड़गढ़, भीलवाड़ा, राजसमं द, सलूं बर

बीकानेर सं भाग बीकानेर, गं गानगर, हनुमानगढ़, चूरू

जयपुर सं भाग जयपुर, जयपुर ग्रामीण, दूदू, कोटपुतली-बहरोड़, खैरथल-तिजारा, दौसा, अलवर

सीकर सं भाग सीकर, झुं झुनूं , नीम का थाना, चूरू

पाली सं भाग पाली, जालौर, सांचौर, सिरोही

Quality नाम क्षेत्रफल (वर्ग किमी)

सबसे बड़ा ज़िला जैसलमेर 38,401

सबसे छोटा ज़िला दौसा 3,432

~92,890 (जोधपुर, जोधपुर ग्रामीण, फलौदी, जैसलमेर, बाड़मेर,

सबसे बड़ा सं भाग जोधपुर सं भाग
बालोतरा)

सबसे छोटा सं भाग भरतपुर सं भाग ~22,759 (भरतपुर, धौलपुर, करौली, डीग, गं गापुरसिटी, सवाई माधोपुर)

Note: Sambhag very important

 The latitudinal interval of Rajasthan - 7º9'
The longitudinal interval of Rajasthan - 8º47'
The length from north to south is 826 km. m.
extension is from Kona village (Ganganagar) in
the north to Borkund village (Kushalgarh,
Banswara) in the south.

The width from east to west is 869 km. m. And

the extension is from Silana village (Rajakheda,
Dholpur) in the east to Katra (Fatehgarh, Sam,
Jaisalmer) in the west.

Note: Geographical coordinates very important;

N-S = 826 km, 23'03" to 30'12"
E-W = 869 km, 69'30" to 78'17"
Q. Comment on mountains of Rajasthan? What are some peaks there?

गुरु शिखर 1722 मी.

सेर 1597 मी.

दिलवाडा 1442 मी.

सिरोही
अचलगढ 1380 मी.
Note: All highest peaks
आबू पर्वत 1295 मी.
are in Sirohi districts
ऋषिके श 1017 मी.

जरगा उदयपुर 1431 मी.

कु म्भलगढ़ राजसमं द 1224 मी.

रघुनाथगढ सीकर 1055 मी.

कमलनाथ उदयपुर 1001 मी.

Q. Comment on Pleateaus & mountain passes of Rajasthan? Where are they located?
1. उड़िया का पठार (माउं ट आबू, सिरोही, राजस्थान) ढेभर नाल
2. आबू का पठार (माउं ट आबू, सिरोही, राजस्थान)
के वड़ा की नाल
3. भोराठ का पठार (राजसमं द-उदयपुर, राजस्थान) उदयपुर
4. उपरमाल का पठार (चित्तौड़गढ़-भीलवाड़ा, राजस्थान) फु लवारी की नाल
5. लसाडिया का पठार (उदयपुर-प्रतापगढ़, राजस्थान)
हाथी नाल
6. मेसा का पठार (चित्तौड़गढ़, राजस्थान)
7. कांकनबाड़ी का पठार (अलवर, राजस्थान) हाथी गुढ़ा की नाल
8. मानदेसरा का पठार (भैंसरोड़गढ़, चित्तौड़गढ़, राजस्थान) पगल्या/जीलवा/चीरवा की नाल
9. छप्पन का पठार (बाड़मेर, राजस्थान) राजसमं द
खमली घाट/कमली घाट

Note: Should read about these गोरम घाट

as some of them are important देसूरी नाल पाली
for peasant movements in
पाली (बर) - अजमेर
Rajasthan. बर नाल
(ब्यावर)
Q. Tell us about some Rivers, dams, lakes in Rajasthan?

River Length
Origin Tributaries Description
Name (km)

Madhya Banas, Kali Major perennial river in Rajasthan;

Chambal 965
Pradesh Sindh, Parvati known for Chambal Valley.

Kumbhalgarh Seasonal river, tributary of Chambal,

Banas 512 Berach, Menal
Hills supports Udaipur.

Pushkar Ends in the marshy land of Rann of

Luni 495 Jawai, Sukri
(Ajmer) Kutch; saline waters.

Madhya Enters Rajasthan in Banswara;

Mahi 583 Anas, Panam
Pradesh supports Mahi Dam.

Himachal Known as the “dead river”; important

Ghaggar 464 None
Pradesh for irrigation in northern Rajasthan.
Dam Name River Location Description

Part of Chambal Valley Project; supports

Rana Pratap Sagar Chambal Rawatbhata
Kota’s agriculture.

Supplies water to Jaipur and Ajmer; critical

Bisalpur Banas Tonk
for urban needs.

Supports wildlife, including Jawai Leopard

Jawai Dam Jawai Pali
Sanctuary.

Largest dam in southern Rajasthan; boosts

Mahi Bajaj Sagar Mahi Banswara
tribal livelihoods.

Asia’s second-largest artificial lake; scenic

Jaisamand Gomti Udaipur
location.
Lake Name Type Location Description

India’s largest inland saltwater lake;

Sambhar Lake Saltwater Lake Sambhar
supports salt production.

Known for its beauty; surrounds the

Pichola Lake
famous Lake Palace.

Popular for tourism; features Nehru

Fateh Sagar Artificial Lake Udaipur
Park island.

Asia’s second-largest manmade lake;

Jaisamand Lake
created in the 17th century.

Scenic hill station lake, famous for its

Nakki Lake Natural Lake Mount Abu
mythological significance.
Highlighted Issues in Rajasthan
Issue Detail of issue Issue ke aane ke kaaran (Reasons)

Low agricultural productivity, lack of

High levels of poverty, especially in
Poverty industrialization, dependence on monsoon
rural and tribal areas.
rains, and limited employment opportunities.

Geographical Issues

Rajasthan falls in the rain shadow area; high

- Less Most areas face arid or semi-arid
dependence on monsoons; poor water
Rainfall conditions with erratic rainfall.
management and groundwater depletion.

Over-irrigation, poor drainage systems, and

- Soil Salinity A large proportion of the land suffers
naturally high evaporation rates in arid
and Aridity from salinity and desertification.
regions.
 Aravallis act as a barrier to monsoons, Natural orientation of the range blocks
- Position of
leading to less rainfall in western monsoon winds from penetrating into western
Aravallis
Rajasthan. regions.

Lack of infrastructure in rural areas, cultural

Low literacy rates, especially among
Education norms discouraging female education, and
women and marginalized groups.
inadequate teacher availability.

Lack of medical facilities in rural areas, high

High maternal mortality rate (MMR),
malnutrition, low awareness of health
Health infant mortality rate (IMR), and poor
programs, and insufficient healthcare
healthcare indicators.
workforce.

Changing political alliances, lack of stable

Political Frequent political instability and
governance, and focus on short-term electoral
Issues factionalism affecting development.
gains over long-term planning.
Water Acute water shortage in several Over-dependence on groundwater, poor water
Scarcity regions. harvesting practices, and climatic conditions.

High rates of out-migration, Lack of employment opportunities and poor

Migration
especially among youth. industrial development.

Over-tourism in some areas, lack of regulation,

Tourism Challenges in maintaining
and insufficient investment in preserving
Management infrastructure and heritage sites.
historical and ecological sites.

Fragmented landholdings, poor irrigation

Agriculture Low productivity, dependence on
coverage, lack of crop diversification, and
Issues monsoons, and frequent droughts.
climatic variability.
Geographical Issues
Geographical Issue Description Reasons

Large parts of Rajasthan receive Rajasthan lies in the arid zone; proximity
Low Rainfall less than 250 mm of annual to the Thar Desert; monsoon winds
rainfall. blocked by Aravalli ranges.

Aravallis are aligned north-south,

Acts as a barrier to monsoons,
preventing moisture-laden winds from
Position of Aravallis creating uneven rainfall
entering western Rajasthan, leading to
distribution.
desertification.

Overgrazing, deforestation, poor

Expansion of desert conditions,
Desertification agricultural practices, and natural arid
especially in western Rajasthan.
conditions contribute to desertification.
 High salinity in soils and Poor drainage, over-irrigation using
Soil Salinity and widespread arid conditions, saline water, and high evaporation rates
Aridity reducing agricultural lead to salinization and desert-like
productivity. conditions.

Over-extraction for agriculture,

Groundwater Rapid reduction in groundwater
inadequate rainfall recharge, and lack of
Depletion levels across the state.
sustainable water management practices.

Regular occurrence of droughts Dependence on monsoons, limited

Frequent Droughts affecting agriculture, water irrigation infrastructure, and climate
availability, and livelihoods. variability lead to prolonged dry periods.

Dominates the western part of the Natural geographical feature; arid

Thar Desert state, making habitation and climate with extreme temperatures and
agriculture challenging. lack of sufficient rainfall.
 Scarcity of perennial rivers,
Most rivers in Rajasthan are seasonal;
Limited Surface leading to dependence on
inefficient use of water and lack of large
Water Sources groundwater and rainwater
reservoirs exacerbate the problem.
harvesting.

Widespread loss of topsoil, Overgrazing, wind erosion in arid areas,

Soil Erosion particularly in desert and semi- and water erosion in hilly terrains cause
arid regions. soil degradation.

Rajasthan’s arid to semi-arid climate

High temperature variations and results in extreme summers and
Climatic Extremes
frequent heatwaves. moderate winters, with limited rainfall
exacerbating heatwave conditions.

Poor rainwater harvesting, depletion of

Acute shortage of water for
traditional water sources (stepwells,
Water Scarcity domestic, agricultural, and
tanks), and inefficient irrigation practices
industrial use.
contribute to water scarcity.
Politics

Trick = Speaker name = Vasudev. Governor = Hari bhau Krisharao. CM =Bhajan

All related to Krishna.
Issue Details Related Incidents Implications

- Communal riots in Karauli

Escalation of communal
Communal violence and (April 2022): Violence during
disharmony, political
Communal polarizing politics a religious procession. -
blame games, and
Tensions affecting social Udaipur Murder (June 2022):
challenges to law and
harmony. Killing of a tailor over
order.
religious differences.

Factionalism within - Congress leadership tussle Slows down governance

Leadership major political parties, between Ashok Gehlot and and policy
Instability leading to governance Sachin Pilot (ongoing since implementation; creates
disruptions. 2020). political uncertainty.

Issues related to pre- - Promise of farm loan Strain on state finances;

poll promises, freebie waivers, unemployment accusations of populist
Election Issues
culture, and allegations allowances, and caste-based politics over sustainable
of vote bank politics. benefits. development.
 - REET exam paper leak
Alleged involvement (2022): Allegations of Loss of trust in governance;
Corruption
of political leaders in mismanagement in recruitment impacts recruitment and
Allegations
corruption cases. exams.- Mining scandals. RPSC public services.
scandal. SI paper leak.

Protests against farm - Ongoing farmer protests in Disruptions in agricultural

Farmer laws, irrigation northern Rajasthan regions like activities; demands for
Agitations issues, and MSP Sriganganagar and policy reforms and
concerns. Hanumangarh. subsidies.

Frequent disruptions like

Demand for - Gujjar agitation for ST
roadblocks and protests;
Caste Politics reservation and caste- reservation status (repeatedly
creates divisions among
based mobilization. in recent years).
communities.
 Political disputes - Controversy over Indira Gandhi Impacts inter-state
Water and Land over water-sharing Canal water allocation between relations and causes
Disputes agreements and Rajasthan and Punjab. ERCP agitation among
land use policies. canal dispute over the years. farmers in border areas.

Creates unrest and

Increasing
- Protests over delays in job dissatisfaction, leading
Unemployment dissatisfaction
recruitments and results (e.g., to protests and
and Youth among the youth
REET and teacher recruitment). disruption in the
due to lack of jobs.
political landscape.

Calls for
Regional disparities
- Western Rajasthan often feels decentralization of
Development between developed
neglected compared to Jaipur and development policies
Imbalances and underdeveloped
eastern regions. and balanced resource
districts.
allocation.
 Weakens trust in the
Concerns about administration;
- Gangrape cases in Alwar (2022)
Women’s increasing crimes women’s safety
and Jodhpur: Sparked protests and
Safety Issues against women and becomes a central
criticism of law enforcement.
political responses. political issue in
elections.
Tradition or Culture related issues
Issue Details Facts/Incidents/Events

Despite being banned, - The National Family Health Survey-5 (2019-21) reported
child marriage persists Rajasthan with one of the highest rates of child marriage.
Child Marriage
in rural and traditional - Incidents during Akshaya Tritiya and other festivals
communities. where mass child marriages are conducted secretly.

A significant cultural
practice leading to - Reports of dowry deaths in Rajasthan rank among the
Dowry System
gender inequality and highest in India (NCRB, 2022).
financial burdens.

Informal traditional
Khap councils often impose - Cases of honor killings linked to Khap Panchayat
Panchayats regressive social norms rulings, especially in districts like Jhunjhunu and Sikar.
and punishments.
 Families opposing inter-caste or
inter-religious marriages, - Rajasthan has reported notable cases of honor
Honor Killings
leading to violence against killings in areas like Jodhpur, Jaipur, and Sikar.
couples.

Women in rural Rajasthan are - The practice is prevalent in traditional regions,

Ghoonghat
still expected to follow purdah restricting women’s mobility and participation in
System
or veil practices. public life.

- Reports of Dalits being denied entry into

Caste Deeply entrenched caste-based
temples or access to common water sources in
Discrimination practices in rural areas.
rural Rajasthan.

Traditional folk music, dance, - Popular art forms like Kalbeliya and Ghoomar
Folk Arts
and arts face neglect due to struggle to find patronage outside of tourism-
Decline
modernization. related events.
 - Puppeteers, pottery makers, and folk
Exploitation of Folk artists and artisans often face
singers like the Langas and Manganiyars
Folk Artists exploitation and lack of proper wages.
receive insufficient remuneration.

- Several cases of witch-hunting have

Superstitions Beliefs in witchcraft leading to violence
been reported in districts like Banswara
and Witchcraft against women in tribal and rural areas.
and Udaipur.

Impact of Commercialization of Rajasthan’s culture

- Folk performances adapted for tourists
Tourism on sometimes leads to distortion of
often lose their original authenticity.
Culture traditional practices.

- UNESCO-listed Jantar Mantar and

Challenges in maintaining historical
Conservation forts like Kumbhalgarh and Chittorgarh
monuments and cultural heritage due to
of Heritage face structural and environmental
urbanization.
threats.
Traditional Neglect of traditional systems like - Iconic stepwells like Chand Baori face
Water stepwells (baoris) and johads due to lack of maintenance, threatening a vital
Harvesting modern infrastructure. aspect of Rajasthan’s heritage.

Camels, once the lifeline of Rajasthan, - Rajasthan declared the camel as its
Camel Culture
face declining numbers and relevance in state animal in 2014, but the population
Decline
modern times. has declined significantly.

Extravagant spending on marriages, - Practices like organizing community

Feasts and
death rituals, and religious ceremonies feasts during death rituals (Shraddha)
Ritual Practices
burdens families. often lead to debt in rural families.

Cultural norms often reinforce - Low female literacy rates and labor
Regressive
patriarchal structures, limiting women’s participation reflect these entrenched
Gender Roles
roles to household duties. norms.