INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 3.

Storage Unit or Main/Internal

REVIEWER Memory
4. Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Information Technology

- Information technology (IT) is the use CPU is divided into three parts:
of any computers, storage, networking
and other physical devices, 1. Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
infrastructure, and processes. - Performs arithmetic
operations, such as subtraction,
- IT is used to create, process, store, division, addition, comparison,
secure and exchange all forms of order, and sorting.
electronic data.
2. Main Memory
Computer - This memory is usually used in
storing programs, data being
- Computers are one of the most processed, and performing
important devices and machines business.
invented by humans since the
beginning of mankind. 3. Control Unit
- Coordinates processes
- It is known that the computer consists between different units of the
mainly of physical components computer, controlling all inputs
(Hardware), intangible components and outputs to and from various
such as operating systems and units in the computer.
software.

- Common Operating Machine Internal Computer Components

Purposely Used for Technological and
Educational Research. - Are the computer devices that
you can see inside of the
Computer Components: system unit (inside the chassis)

1. Output Unit - are the units - Connected or built in to your

responsible for all views, and computer’s motherboard
the results are executed
according to the instructions Internal Computer Components
that the user issues to them
1. Power Supply
2. Input Unit - are the units - A device located in the back of
responsible for entering a computer's box, providing
programs, and different data for power for its work and
the device. performance.
2. Motherboard and programs and cannot be
- connects directly or indirectly to changed.
every part of the computer.
5. Random Access Memory (RAM)
- Its task is to coordinate - is your system's short-term
cooperation between different memory. Whenever your
devices, and the transfer of data computer performs calculations,
and the delivery of information it temporarily stores the data in
to different parts of the the RAM until it is needed.
computer.
- This short-term memory
- The motherboard is the disappears when the computer
computer's main circuit board. is turned off.

3. Central Processing Unit (CPU) 6. Hard Drive

- also called a processor - The hard drive is where your
software, documents, and other
- The processor is the files are stored.
mastermind that receives all the
commands and works to - The hard drive is long-term
process them and gives the storage, which means the data
results in the form of different is still saved even if you turn the
information. computer off or unplug it.

- It is sometimes called the brain 6. Video Card/ Graphic Card

of the computer, and its job is to - The video card is responsible
carry out commands. for what you see on the monitor.

4. Memory - Most computers have a GPU

(graphics processing unit) built
2 Types of Memory into the motherboard instead of
a. Temporary memory (random having a separate video card.
memory) - as the memory is on
which the device depends - If you like playing
mainly on the implementation of graphics-intensive games, you
various commands and can add a faster video card to
contributes greatly to increase one of the expansion slots to
the speed of the computer and get better performance.
the processing of different
information.

b. permanent memory - it retains

the basic information necessary
to maintain the basic system
7. Expansion Cards - For computers that don't have
- Most computers have Bluetooth, you can purchase a
expansion slots on the USB adapter, often called a
motherboard that allow you to dongle.
add various types of expansion
cards.
- These are sometimes called
PCI (peripheral component
interconnect) cards.

8. Sound Card
- Is also called an audio card
- is responsible for what you hear
in the speakers or headphones.
- Most motherboards have
integrated sound, but you can
upgrade to a dedicated sound
card for higher-quality sound.

9. Network Card
- The network card allows your
computer to communicate over
a network and access the
Internet.
- It can either connect with an
Ethernet cable or through a
wireless connection (often
called Wi-Fi).
- Many motherboards have
built-in network connections,
and a network card can also be
added to an expansion slot.

10. Bluetooth card (or adapter)

- Bluetooth is a technology for
wireless communication over
short distances.
- It's often used in computers to
communicate with wireless
keyboards, mice, and printers.
- It's commonly built into the
motherboard or included in a
wireless network card.
EXTERNAL COMPUTER COMPONENTS COMMON COMPUTER CONNECTOR
- Are the computer devices that you TYPES
can see outside of the system unit
Computer Port
1. Keyboard - It is one of the most - A computer port is an interface point
important tools used to enter the between an electronic device, such as a
information and numbers and different laptop computer, and another peripheral
characters to the computer to address device or computer.
and get the results.
- This connection point enables
2. Mouse - It is a tool used to mark or functionalities, such as the transmission of
identify certain information that data, power, audio and video.
appears on the computer screen, and
it needs a person or an assistant to - Ports may serve as sources of input,
manage it correctly. output or both.

3. Microphone - A device that Operating System

specialises in receiving sounds and - It is the system that contains all the
inserting them into the computer in commands that enable the computer
order to modify or retain them. to perform various tasks.

4. Scanner - A device that helps to - Windows, Linux, and Android are

insert various images and graphics examples of operating systems that
into a computer, converting it from its enable the user to use programs like
graphic nature to another digital MS Office, Notepad, and games on the
nature. computer or mobile phone.

5. Printer - Used to output information, - It is necessary to have at least one

data, such as numbers, letters, and operating system installed in the
images printed on paper. computer to run basic programs like
browsers.
6. Plotters - Used in the output of
geometric drawings, and in various
sizes, and then printed on paper. Core Functions of an Operating
System;
7. Camera - which works to capture
different images and keep them in the 1. Managing hardware
device resources: An operating
system manages resources
8. Disc Unit - Data is entered through such as CPU, memory, and disk
a floppy, digital, and compact discs. space, and assigns these
resources to running
applications.
 2. Running applications: An
operating system provides an
environment in which
applications can run and
interact with the user.

3. Providing a user interface: An

operating system provides a
graphical user interface (GUI)
that allows users to interact with
the computer.

Features of Operating Systems

1. Provides a platform for running

applications
2. Handles memory management
and CPU scheduling
3. Provides file system abstraction
4. Provides networking support
5. Provides security features
6. Provides user interface
7. Provides utilities and system
services
8. Supports application
development

Application software (App)

- is a kind of software that
performs specific functions for
the end user by interacting
directly with it.

- The sole purpose of application

software is to aid the user in
doing specified tasks.

- Application software programs

are generally designed and
developed to help with a wide
range of tasks.