Tutorial 6

APL 108 - Mechanics of Solids

1. Determine the displacement gradient, strain, and rotation tensors for the following
displacement field: u = Ax2 y, v = Byz, w = Cxz 3 ,where A, B, and C are arbitrary
constants. Also calculate the dual rotation vector, ω = (1/2)(∇ × u)
Ax 0 0
 

2. Given the following strain field, eij =  0 By 2 0 with A and B constants. De-


0 0 0
termine the corresponding displacements assuming they only depend on x and y, and
that w = 0.

3. Determine the strain and rotation tensors eij and ωij for the following displacement
fields:

(a) u = Axy, v = Bxz 2 , w = C(x2 + y 2 )

(b) u = Ax2 , v = Bxy, w = Cxyz
(c) u = Ayz 3 , v = Bxy 2 , w = C(x2 + z 2 )

where A,B, and C are arbitrary constants

4. A two-dimensional displacement field is given by u = k(x2 + y 2 ), v = k(2x − y), w = 0,

where k is a constant. Determine the deformed shape of a differential rectangular
element originally located with its left bottom corner at the origin as shown. Finally,
calculate the rotation component ωz

5. A three-dimensional elasticity problem of a uniform bar stretched under its own weight
gives the following strain field:

1
 Az 0 0
 

eij =  0 Az 0 
 

0 0 Bz

where A and B are constants. Integrate the strain-displacement relations to determine

the displacement components and identify all rigid-body motion terms.

6. Find the relation between A and B for the following strain field: ϵxx = Ay 3 , ϵyy =
Ax3 , exy = Bxy(x + y), ϵzz = exz = eyz = 0, such that it gives continuous single-valued
displacements in a simply connected region.

7. Consider a cantilever beam (with one end free and another end fixed and length L)
with a vertical load P applied to the free end of the beam. At the fixed end, the
displacements and the slope are zero, i.e., ux (L, 0) = uy (L, 0) = ∂u
∂x
y
(L, 0) = 0. The
strain field at any point in the beam is given by:
3P (h2 −y 2 )
ϵxx = P xy
EI
, ϵyy = −νϵxx , γxz = γyz = ϵzz = 0, γxy = 4bh3 G
Using this information, find the displacement fields ux (x, y) and uy (x, y). Assume
E, G, ν, I, b and h to be constant.

8. Think of the following displacement field in the body:

u1 = 0.05x1 + 0.03x22 ,
u2 = 0.07x1 x2 + 0.08x22 ,
u3 = 0.

(a) Find the longitudinal strain of a line element along e1 direction at any point in
the body.
(b) Determine the shear strain between line elements along e1 and e2 .
(c) Find volumetric strain for this displacement field. Does it vary from point to
point?
(d) What is the shear strain between line elements along e1 and e3 at any point
(x1 , x2 )?
(e) Determine the average local rigid-body rotation tensor.

9. The displacement field for a body is given by:

u = k(x2 + y)î + k(y + z)ĵ + k(x2 + 2z 2 )k̂

Find the volumetric strain, shear strains γxy and γyz , and the average local rotation
tensor of the body at point (2, 2, 3).

10. The displacement gradient matrix at a point in a body is given by:

0
 ∂u ∂u 
∂x ∂y
H=  ∂v
 ∂x
∂v
∂y
0


0 0 0

Write the condition for zero average local rotation.

2
11. For a circular rod subjected to a torque, the displacement components obtained at any
point (x, y, z) are as follows:

ux = −τ yz + ay + bz + c,
uy = τ xz − ax + ez + f,
uz = −bx − ey + k
where a, b, c, e, f , and k are constants and τ denotes twist.
(a) Select the constants a, b, c, e, f, k such that the end section z = 0 is fixed in the
following manner:
• Point o has no displacement.
• The element ∆z of the axis rotates neither in the plane xoz nor in the plane
yoz.
• The element ∆y of the axis does not rotate in the plane xoy.
(b) Determine the strain components.
(c) Verify whether these strain components satisfy the compatibility conditions.
12. For the displacement field ux = k(x2 + 2z), uy = k(4x + 2y 2 + z), uz = 4kz 2 with
k = 0.001, determine the change in angle between two line segments PQ and PR at
P (2, 2, 3) having direction cosines before deformation as follows:

PQ: nx1 = 0, ny1 = nz1 = √12

PR: nx2 = 1, ny2 = nz2 = 0

13. Verify whether the following strain field satisfies the equations of compatibility. Here
p is a constant.

ϵxx = py, ϵyy = px, ϵzz = 2p(x + y)

γxy = p(x + y), γyz = 2pz, γzx = 2pz

14. Given the following formulas for strain components:

ϵxx = 5 + x2 + y 2 + x4 + y 4 ,
ϵyy = 6 + 3x2 + 3y 2 + x4 + y 4 ,
γxy = 10 + 4xy(x2 + y 2 + 2),
ϵzz = γyz = γzx = 0
(a) Determine whether the above strain field is possible. If it is possible, determine
the displacement components in terms of x and y. Assume that ux = uy = 0 and
ωxy = 0 when x = y = 0.
(b) For the state of strain given in the previous problem, write down the spherical
and deviatoric parts and also determine the volumetric strain.