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Tutorial 1: Principles of Communications and Spectral Analysis

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10 views3 pages

Tutorial 1: Principles of Communications and Spectral Analysis

Uploaded by

istiaq8888
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ETM2046 Analog & Digital Communications

Tutorial 1: Principles of Communications and Spectral Analysis


Principles of Communications

1. Draw the block diagram of a general communication system and explain briefly the
functions of its major components.

2. A typical yellow light has a wavelength of 550 nm. Calculate the corresponding
frequency. (speed of light 3.0E8 m/s)

3. The visible zone are between 4E14 and 8E14 Hz. A typical X-ray has a frequency of
3E19 Hz. Calculate its wavelength in picometer.

4. Electromagnetic wave with a frequency of 1E14 Hz is in what region of the


electromagnetic spectrum?

5. What are the uses of electromagnetic waves?

6. Name six devices that use electromagnetic waves in vehicles. Name the transmission type
and frequency range of each type.

Spectral Analysis (Fourier Series)

2. Calculate the trigonometric Fourier series expansion for a periodic and even triangular
waveform, x(t ) with period, To = 1 and x(0) = 1 . Sketch the single and double-sided
amplitude spectra, | X ( f ) | and the power spectral density (power spectrum), | X ( f ) | 2 for
− 3 ≤ n ≤ 3.

3. Find the Fourier series representation for the sawtooth waveform below.

f(x)
π

x
-3π -π 0 π 3π

(a) Trigonometric form


(b) Exponential form
(c) The DC value of the waveform

4. If x1 (t ) and x 2 (t ) are periodic signals with period To and their exponential Fourier series
expressions are:

1
ETM2046 Analog & Digital Communications

∞ ∞ 2π
x1 (t ) = ∑ mn e jnω ot , x 2 (t ) = ∑ nn e jnω ot , ω o =
n= − ∞ n= − ∞ To

Show that the signal x(t ) = x1 (t ) x 2 (t ) is periodic with the same period To and can be
expressed as

∞
x(t ) = ∑ pn e jnω ot
n= − ∞
∞
where p n = ∑
k= − ∞
mk n n − k

Spectral Analysis (Fourier Transform)

j 2π f
5. If x(t ) has Fourier transform of X ( f ) = . Find Y ( f ) for the following functions:
1 + j 2π f
(a) y (t ) = e − jt x(t − 1)
(b) y (t ) = x (2t )
(c) y (t ) = x ' (t )

6. The Fourier transform of the triangular pulse f (t ) shown in the figure below is given as

F (ω ) = ( e − jω e jω − 1) . Using this information along with relevant properties, find


1 jω
ω 2

the Fourier transform of the signal g(t).

g(t)
f(t) 1.5
1

-1 0 t 0 2 t

2
ETM2046 Analog & Digital Communications

7. Find the Fourier transform, V ( f ) , given that


1
1  , t> 0
v(t ) = sgn(t ) =  2
2 1
− , t < 0
 2
1 1
[Hint: u (t ) = + sgn(t ) ]
2 2

8. Prove the following:


1
(i) g (t ) sin ω 0 t ⇔ [G (ω − ω 0 ) − (G (ω + ω 0 )]
2j
1
(ii) [ g (t + T ) − g (t − T )] ⇔ G (ω ) sin Tω
2j

Spectral Analysis (Signal Spectrum)

9. Draw the single-sided and double-sided magnitude spectral plots for the following signal:
x(t ) = 15 + 10 sin(10π )t + 20 cos(10π )t

10. Consider the signal shown in the figure below

(a) Draw the graph of x' (t ) versus t .


(b) Draw the graph of x' ' (t ) versus t .
(c) Obtain the magnitude spectrum of x(t ) by using the time differentiation property.

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