DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS

DESIGN INSTRUCTION TO ARCHITECTS AND ENGINEERS

LOCATION :

PROJECT TITLE :

PROJECT NO. :

[ ] SCHEMATICS [ ] DESIGN [ ] CONSTRUCTION

DEVELOPMENT DOCUMENTS

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HVAC

HVAC DESIGN MANUAL FOR VETERINARY MEDICAL UNIT PROJECTS

(June, 2006)

FROM: DATE:

Package Preparer:
Telephone Number:
 06-06

HVAC DESIGN MANUAL

FOR VETERINARY MEDICAL UNIT PROJECTS
DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. CRITERIA UNIQUE TO VA.....................................................1
1.1 GENERAL..................................................................1
1.2 DRAWINGS.................................................................1
1.3 VA GRAPHIC STANDARDS.....................................................1
1.4 CLIMATIC CONDITIONS......................................................1
1.5 DUCTWORK/PIPING..........................................................1
1.6 ENGINEERING ECONOMIC ANALYSIS............................................1
1.7 ENERGY CONSERVATION CERTIFICATE REQUIREMENTS.............................2
1.8 INTERDISCIPLINE COORDINATION.............................................2
2. BASIC DESIGN PARAMETERS...................................................3
2.1 CLIMATIC CRITERIA........................................................3
2.2 INDOOR DESIGN CONDITIONS.................................................3
2.3 SUPPLY AIR REQUIREMENTS..................................................4
2.4 OUTSIDE AIR REQUIREMENTS.................................................5
2.5 EXHAUST AIR REQUIREMENTS.................................................6
2.6 NOISE CRITERIA...........................................................7
2.7 VIBRATION CRITERIA.......................................................8
2.8 SEISMIC BRACING CRITERIA.................................................8
2.9 EQUIPMENT SIZING CRITERIA................................................8
2.10 DUCT SIZING CRITERIA....................................................9
2.11 PIPE SIZING CRITERIA...................................................10
2.12 SELECTION GUIDE FOR VIBRATION ISOLATORS................................10
2.13 CLIMATIC CONDITIONS....................................................10
3. HVAC SYSTEMS.............................................................10
3.1 GENERAL.................................................................10
3.2 ALL AIR SYSTEMS.........................................................10
3.3 TERMINAL COOLING/HEATING SYSTEMS (SUPPORT AREAS ONLY)...................11
3.4 EXHAUST AIR SYSTEMS.....................................................13
3.5 TEMPERATURE CONTROL CRITERIA............................................19
3.6 SMOKE AND FIRE CONTROL..................................................21
3.7 MISCELLANEOUS HVAC SYSTEMS..............................................22
3.8 EMERGENCY ELECTRICAL POWER..............................................24
3.9 SMOKE AND FIRE PROTECTION...............................................24
4. HEATING SYSTEMS:.........................................................24
4.1 GENERAL.................................................................24
4.2 SELECTION CRITERIA (HOT WATER HEATING)..................................24
4.3 MISCELLANEOUS HEATING APPLICATIONS......................................25
4.4 PREHEAT COILS (FREEZE PROTECTION).......................................25
4.5 EMERGENCY ELECTRICAL POWER..............................................25
5. COOLING SYSTEMS:.........................................................26
5.1 GENERAL.................................................................26
5.2 SYSTEMS FEATURES........................................................26
5.3 FREEZE PROTECTION.......................................................27

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5.4 SYSTEM CONTROLS.........................................................28

5.5 EMERGENCY ELECTRICAL POWER..............................................28
6. ENERGY CONSERVATION......................................................29
6.1 GENERAL.................................................................29
6.2 BUILDING THERMAL ENVELOPE...............................................29
6.3 DESIGN FEATURES.........................................................31
7. DOCUMENTATION AND MISCELLANEOUS REQUIREMENTS.............................32
7.1 GENERAL.................................................................32
7.2 SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS...................................................32
7.3 EQUIPMENT SCHEDULES.....................................................33
7.4 PIPING DRAWINGS.........................................................34
7.5 DUCTWORK DRAWINGS.......................................................34
7.6 CALCULATIONS............................................................35
7.7 REVIEW SUBMITTALS.......................................................35
7.8 EQUIPMENT LOCATION AND INSTALLATION.....................................36
8. SEISMIC REQUIREMENTS (HVAC)..............................................37
8.1 GENERAL.................................................................37
8.2 CONFORMANCE WITH SMACNA.................................................38
8.3 CONFORMANCE WITH NUSIG..................................................39
8.4 CALCULATIONS............................................................39
8.5 DRAWINGS................................................................39
9. CERTIFICATION OF BUILDING ENERGY PERFORMANCE.............................40
10.APPLICABLE CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS AND REFERENCE DOCUMENTS INDEX:.........41
10.1 GENERAL................................................................41
11. HVAC STANDARD DETAILS INDEX.............................................42
12. APPLICABLE HVAC MASTER SPECIFICATIONS INDEX.............................53
13. SCHEDULE OF ATTACHMENTS.................................................55

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HVAC DESIGN MANUAL

FOR VETERINARY MEDICAL UNIT PROJECTS
DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS

1. CRITERIA UNIQUE TO VA
1.1 GENERAL
In this section requirements unique to the VA are described.
Compliance to everything in this design manual is mandatory.
1.2 DRAWINGS
The following information shall be shown on "MH" drawings.
A. HVAC system design including indoor steam piping. See Article 2.0
for additional information.
B. Seismic design related to the HVAC systems.
C. Outdoor exposed (or, underground) chilled water piping.
1.3 VA GRAPHIC STANDARDS
The HVAC system design documentation shall use the VA standard
symbols, abbreviations, standard details, and equipment schedules.
1.4 CLIMATIC CONDITIONS
The outdoor climatic conditions shall be based on the requirements
outlined in section 2.0 and information provided in the attached
climatic data for the VA facilities. These conditions are based on
the weather data listed in the ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals for the
weather stations which are located at or near the VA medical centers.
The local professional engineers may recommend more severe outdoor
climatic conditions, commonly used by them, for review and approval by
the VA.
1.5 DUCTWORK/PIPING
In the final design drawings (Construction Documents Phase) all
ductwork, regardless of sizes and/or complexity of layout(s), and
piping 152 mm (6") and above shall be shown in double line with all
fittings and accessories clearly shown and identified.
1.6 ENGINEERING ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
To comply with Public Law 95-619, engineering economic analysis shall
be performed, in accordance with the procedure outlined by the
Department of Energy (DOE) in NBS Handbook 135 (Life Cycle Cost
Federal Energy Management Program), to select the most cost effective
HVAC system for the application. The additional features of the
analysis are:
A. For comparison of systems, a 20 year life cycle shall be assumed.
B. The analysis may be performed by means of available public domain
programs, such as, "TRACE", "E-CUBE", and CARRIER E20-II, etc.
C. For specific VA requirements relative to the system configuration and
limitations, see Sections 3.0.
D. Other relevant features are: 7% discount factor for future cost and
no taxes or insurance in computing annual owning cost.

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1.7 ENERGY CONSERVATION CERTIFICATE REQUIREMENTS

Energy conservation shall be emphasized in all aspects of building
design. The buildings must meet the requirements of DOE regulations,
10 CFR Part 435, "Energy Conservation Voluntary Performance Standards
for Commercial and Multi-Family High Rise Residential Buildings;
Mandatory for New Federal Buildings." A copy can be obtained from the
VA on request. These standards are mandatory for all new VA
facilities. To demonstrate compliance with these regulations, it will
be necessary for the A/E to provide the following information:
A. CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE: The A/E shall certify that the Building is
designed to be in compliance with the applicable provisions outlined
in the DOE regulations identified above. A blank copy of the
required certificate is attached.
B. ESTIMATED ENERGY CONSUMPTION: With the final design submission
(construction documents - or working drawings - phase), the A/E shall
estimate the energy consumption of the proposed new building(s) and
provide a value in Watts per gross square meter (British Thermal
Units (BTUS) per gross square foot (GSF) per year (YR.) for each
building. To accomplish this task:
1. The building(s) operation shall be simulated on the basis of the
actual configurations of the mechanical/electrical systems
designed to save them.
2. A public domain computer program shall be used to calculate the
estimated energy consumption.
1.8 INTERDISCIPLINE COORDINATION
HVAC design must be coordinated with all other disciplines, such as,
Architectural, Structural, Electrical, Plumbing, and Site Planning.
The following HVAC related work is generally shown by other
disciplines:
A. Architectural drawings and specifications provide all louvers and
attached screens in exterior walls, all flashing for ducts and piping
penetrating roofs and exterior walls, finish and identification
painting, walls and ceilings, access panels, chases, furred spaces,
door grilles, mechanical equipment rooms, and penthouses.
B. Structural drawings and specifications provide all concrete and
structural steel work, including catwalks, concrete housekeeping
pads, lintel supports around openings, and platforms for access to
HVAC equipment and supports for cooling towers and other large
mechanical equipment.
C. Electrical drawings and specifications provide motor starters and
disconnectors, not furnished as part of HVAC equipment, smoke
detectors (duct and/or space mounted), all power wiring to HVAC smoke
dampers, motors, heating cable, and controls for winterized piping.

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D. Plumbing drawings and specifications provide all domestic water

make-up supply, drain outlets, cold/hot water connections to the
laboratory equipment, and cart and cage washers.
2. BASIC DESIGN PARAMETERS
2.1 CLIMATIC CRITERIA
The capacity calculations for the HVAC systems shall be based on the
outdoor climatic conditions listed in Supplement, Attachment No. 6.
The designer shall use the following values:
TABLE 2.1
A. Summer 1 percent design dry bulb
1 percent design wet bulb
B. Winter 99 percent design dry bulb
Note: The above wet bulb temperature is not the mean coincident
value. It is the design value separately listed in the
same table.
C. The specified design wet-bulb temperature for cooling tower
shall be one degree higher than the 1% outdoor design wet-bulb
temperature.
2.2 INDOOR DESIGN CONDITIONS
(DEGREE C (F) DRY BULB AND PERCENT RELATIVE HUMIDITY):
TABLE 2.2

Room or Area Summer Winter

Db %RH Db %RH
Animal Research Areas 18(65) 60 29(85) 30
Animal Operating Rooms 18(65) 60 29(85) 30
Animal Receiving and
Examination Rooms 18(65) 60 29(85) 30
Procedure Laboratories
(Necropsy) 18(65) 60 29(85) 30
Quarantine Wards 18(65) 60 29(85) 30
Support Areas 25(78) 55 22(72) 30%
(Note 4)
Class Rooms 25(78) 55 22(72) 30%
Conference Rooms 25(78) 55 22(72) 30%
Locker Rooms 25(78) 55 22(72) 30%
Lounges 25(78) 55 22(72) 30%
Storage Rooms 25(78) 55 22(72) 30%
Toilets 25(78) 55 22(72) 30%
Miscellaneous (Unoccupied Areas)
Electric Equipment 39(104) --- 10(50) ---
Rooms (See Note 3) (Maximum) (Maximum)

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Elevator Machine 39(104) --- 10(50) ---

Rooms (See Note 2) (Maximum) (Maximum)
Mechanical Equipment --- --- 10(50) ---
Rooms
Telephone Equipment 22(72) 50 22(72) ---
Transformer Rooms
(See Note 3) 39(104) --- --- ---
Notes on Indoor Design Conditions:
1. The indoor design conditions are not operating limits. All
room thermostats shall be adjustable between 15 Deg. C (60oF)
and 29 Deg. C (85oF).
2. For the elevator equipment room, see Article 3 for the
criteria for mechanical cooling. The mechanical cooling shall
also be evaluated for locations with the outdoor summer design
temperature in excess of 31 oC (90oF); and, where the use of
a ventilation system would create excessive air movement, in
excess of 30 air changes per hr.
3. Mechanical cooling shall be evaluated for the electrical
equipment and transformer rooms for locations with the outdoor
summer design temperature in excess of 31 oC (90oF); and,
where the use of a ventilation system would create excessive
air movement, in excess of 30 air changes per hour.
4. Winter humidification for the support areas shall be evaluated
for the areas where the outdoor design temperature is -17 oC
(0oF) and lower. The winter humidification system, if
included, shall be designed to maintain 30% RH.
5. The summer inside design relative humidity listed in Table 2.2
need not be maintained by any humidity control. This value
merely represents the design reference point; and, in actual
practice, could vary with the prevailing internal heat loads
and coil leaving conditions.
6. Single toilets do not require individual room temperature
controls in cooling mode. For exterior single toilets,
thermostatically controlled heating terminal devices should be
provided to maintain space temperature in winter mode. For
common (public) toilets, involving multiple water closets and
urinals, room temperature control is required in heating and
cooling modes.
7. In the absence of any heat producing equipment, ventilation or
cooling/heating are not required for small electrical and
telephone closets. The storage closets, with areas less than
5.6 m2 (60 square feet), also need not be ventilated or
cooled/ heated.
2.3 SUPPLY AIR REQUIREMENTS
A. ANIMAL RESEARCH AREAS: Constant supply air volume shall be
supplied at the minimum rate of 15 air changes per hour to all
areas directly involved with the animal research activities. The
supply air volume shall be increased, as required, to meet:
1. Higher exhaust air requirements in laboratories due to fume
hoods.
2. Higher internal heat gain due to all sources.

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B. SUPPORT AREAS: If an all air system is selected to serve the

support areas, the supply air volume for the occupied areas shall
be calculated to meet the internal heat gain from all sources but
not less than 4 air changes per hour. With variable air volume
(VAV) systems, the supply air volume, during part load conditions,
shall be established to ensure stable performance of the supply,
and more so the return air fans. The reasons for this requirement
are:
1. The VA selected sequence of operation for the VAV systems
requires that a constant difference in m3/ min (CFM), amounting
to the outdoor air quantity for the air handling system, shall
be maintained between the supply and return air fans at all
times. If the supply air fan volume is allowed to drop to a
very low value, the corresponding return air volume shall be
even lower as the return air fan has to maintain a constant
difference in m3/min (CFM) with respect to the supply air
volume at all times. Under this condition, the supply (and
particularly the return) air fans could fall in an unstable
region where the fan operation is not recommended by the
equipment manufacturers.
2. The supply and return air fans of the VAV systems are generally
equipped with variable speed drives. If these drives are
allowed to run at very low speeds for a long period of time,
the fan motors will tend to overheat and cause damage to the
winding insulation.
2.4 OUTSIDE AIR REQUIREMENTS
A. ANIMAL RESEARCH AREA: All air supplied to the animal research
areas shall be 100% outdoor air.
B. SUPPORT AREAS:
1. General: The outdoor air for ventilation shall be computed in
accordance with ASHRAE 62/1989; however, how it is actually
supplied to the occupied spaces would depend upon the type of
HVAC system as explained in 2.4B2 and 2.4B3, below. The outdoor
air quantity shall be increased, if required, to meet the space
exhaust requirements or to meet the manufacturer's
recommendations when radiant ceiling panel cooling system is
used.
2. All Air Systems: With an all air system, the outdoor air is
mixed with return air, and the supply air is distributed on the
basis of the cooling load requirements. Since the distribution

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of the supply air is done on the basis of the cooling load

requirements, the spaces with greater cooling requirements
will, naturally, receive more outdoor air. It is, thus,
recognized that the uniform distribution of outdoor air is
inherently difficult with an all air system.
3. Terminal Cooling/Heating System: When the fan coil units or
radiant panels are used, a central ventilation unit shall
supply conditioned air to the spaces. With this arrangement,
the source of outdoor air being external to the principal
cooling and heating equipment, it is possible to ensure
predetermined and exact amount of outdoor air distribution to
all spaces.
2.5 EXHAUST AIR REQUIREMENTS
The following areas shall be fully exhausted outdoors at the rates
specified:
TABLE 2.3

Animal Research Areas Supply air + 15%

------------------------------------------------
Janitor Closets 10 Air Changes/Hr.
------------------------------------------------
Locker Rooms 10 Air Changes/Hr.
------------------------------------------------
Mechanical Equipment Rooms
------------------------------------------------
Soiled Storage Spaces 6 Air Changes/Hr.
------------------------------------------------
Toilets 10 Air Changes/Hr.
------------------------------------------------

Notes:
1. Since all animal research areas are to be maintained under
negative pressure, the exhaust air volume from these spaces
shall be 15% more than the supply air volume. This difference
in air volumes shall come from corridors whose supply air
volume shall be fixed on the basis of the make up air
requirements of all connected spaces.
If the space layout of the animal holding areas is such that
there are two corridors, clean and soiled, the relative air
pressure in the clean corridor shall be positive with respect
to the animal holding areas. The soiled corridor shall be
negative with respect to the animal holding areas. The
direction of air flow shall be from clean corridors to animal
holding areas to soiled corridors.

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2. The ducted supply air shall not be used to ventilate the

janitor closets and private toilets with one fixture.
Instead, room air from the occupied spaces and corridors,
directly connected to the janitor closets and private toilets,
shall be used as make up air for exhaust. The make up air
shall be brought in by door undercuts and louvers. The
capacity of the undercuts shall be limited to 42 m3/min (150
cfm).
3. The ducted supply air shall be used to ventilate the public
toilets equipped with multiple fixtures. The public toilets
shall be treated as a dedicated temperature control zone. To
maintain 15% negative pressure in public toilets, room air
from the corridors shall be transferred as make up by door
louvers and/or undercuts.
4. The locker room shall receive ducted supply air and shall be
treated as a dedicated temperature control unit. All air
supplied to the locker rooms (and make up air transferred from
the corridors to maintain negative pressure) shall be
exhausted outdoors through the toilets/showers adjoining the
locker room.
5. The soiled storage spaces shall receive ducted supply air and
shall be maintained under negative pressure (15%) by drawing
room air through the door undercut.

2.6 NOISE CRITERIA

A. OCCUPIED SPACES:
TABLE 2.4

AREA MAXIMUM NC

Animal Research Areas NC 40

------------------------------------------
Conference Rooms NC 35
------------------------------------------
Corridors NC 40
------------------------------------------
Laboratories NC 45
------------------------------------------
Lobby NC 40
------------------------------------------
Offices NC 40
------------------------------------------

Notes:
1. The above NC levels must be attained in all octave bands.
2. The above NC levels may be increased for the areas
equipped with fan coil units. The designer shall submit

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an analysis showing the expected noise levels for the

prior approval of VA.
3. The systems must be engineered and the use of acoustic
sound lining and sound attenuators should be considered to
achieve the design sound levels.
B. COOLING TOWERS: Select and locate the cooling towers to avoid
problems with:
1. Noise
2. Vibrations
3. Esthetics
4. Drift
6. Air Recirculation
2.7 VIBRATION CRITERIA
Refer to the VA Master Specifications Section 15200, NOISE AND VIBRATION
CONTROL and Supplement No.5.
2.8 SEISMIC BRACING CRITERIA
Refer to Article 8.
2.9 EQUIPMENT SIZING CRITERIA
A. LOAD CALCULATIONS: The cooling/heating loads shall be calculated in
accordance with the method outlined in ASHRAE Handbook of
Fundamentals.
B. SAFETY MARGIN: A safety margin of 10% shall be added to the
calculated internal heat gain and loss to allow for any future
increase in internal heat gain or other load demand. The calculated
air quantities for the occupied spaces shall be based on the addition
of the safety margin. Even when the supply air quantities are
established on the basis of fixed air changes per hour or to meet the
exhaust requirements through the fume hoods, the supply air terminal
units shall be selected to handle possible 10% more air volume. The
set points of the supply air terminal units shall, however, reflect
the actual operating conditions.
C. AIR LEAKAGE: An allowance of 4% shall be made for the leakage of air
through the ductwork before it reaches the occupied spaces. The
leakage allowance shall be applied to the sum of all individual peak
air quantities without any diversity. Do not compute the supply air
fan volume on the basis of block or zone loads wherein the load (and
air volume) diversities are inherently built in the calculations.
Example: Variable Air Volume Systems for support areas.
D. STATIC PRESSURE: A safety margin of 10% shall be added to the fan
total static pressure of the system. The static pressure
calculations shall be based on:

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1. Actual take-offs from the system layout drawings, that is, without
any approximation for fittings, system components, etc.
2. Equal friction or static regain method.
E. FAN AND MOTOR SELECTION: The brake horse power (BHP) calculated on
the basis of total air quantity and fan static pressure shall be
increased by 10% to account for drive losses and field conditions.
The motor selection shall make an allowance for:
1. Altitude
2. Temperature
3. Inlet/Outlet Conditions
4. System Effect Factors Per AMCA 210
The fan(s) shall be selected to operate in the stable region at or
near the maximum static efficiency.
F. REFRIGERATION EQUIPMENT SIZING:
1. Select cooling capacity on the basis of a psychrometric chart for
each air handling unit where the fan motor heat gain for the supply
and return air fans is accounted for.
2. When extensive chilled water or refrigerant piping is involved,
system losses and its impact on the cooling coil selection shall also
be evaluated.
3. Additional safety margin is not required.
2.10 DUCT SIZING CRITERIA
A. LOW VELOCITY DUCTWORK: All supply air ductwork on the downstream side
of the air terminal units, all return air ductwork, and all exhaust
air ductwork shall be low velocity/low pressure type. The maximum
air velocity and static pressure drop shall be limited to 7.6 m/s
(1,500 feet per minute) and 25 Pa (0.1 Inch Water Gage (WG) per 30 m
(100 equivalent feet) of duct length, respectively. The supply air
ductwork between the fan discharge and the inlet of the air terminal
units shall be low velocity design unless the conditions do not
permit so.
B. MEDIUM VELOCITY DUCTWORK: The supply air ductwork between the fan
discharge and inlet to the air terminal units can be medium velocity
type. Medium velocity ductwork shall be used only if the available
space conditions can not accommodate low velocity duct sizes. The
maximum velocity and the static pressure drop shall be limited to 13
m/s (2,500 fpm) and 63 Pa (0.25 inch water gage) per 30 m (100
equivalent feet) of duct length, respectively.

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2.11 PIPE SIZING CRITERIA

A. Pipe sizing shall be based on "Cameron Hydraulic Data"; with C=100
for open systems (Example: Cooling Tower) and C=150 for closed
systems (Example: Chilled and Hot Water Systems).
B. For closed systems, the limiting maximum pressure drop shall be 1200
mm (4.0 feet) of water per 30 m (100 feet) equivalent length of
piping. The corresponding velocity limitations are:
1200 mm (4.0 Feet) Per Second: Occupied Areas
2400 mm (8.0 Feet) Per Second: Mains and Large Branches
C. For open systems, the limiting maximum pressure drop shall be 1200 mm
(4.0 feet) of water per 30 m (100 feet) equivalent length of piping.
The corresponding velocity shall be 3 m (10 feet) per second
(maximum).
D. The minimum pipe shall be 20 mm (3/4"). The size shall be reduced,
as required, only at the equipment connections.
2.12 SELECTION GUIDE FOR VIBRATION ISOLATORS
See Supplement, Attachment No. 5.
2.13 CLIMATIC CONDITIONS
See Supplement, Attachment No. 6.
3. HVAC SYSTEMS
3.1 GENERAL
The selection of the HVAC systems shall be based on the life cycle
cost analysis, except the animal research areas for which either a
single or multiple all air, air handling units shall be provided.
For larger projects the following guidelines are proposed:
AH-1: To serve animal holding areas.
AH-2: To serve animal procedure and operating rooms.
AH-3: To serve animal research laboratories.
For non-research support areas, a dedicated all air system, or a
terminal cooling/heating system, shall be considered for detailed
evaluation only if:
In this section, the design criteria for an all air system, with or
without perimeter heating, and terminal cooling/heating systems are
given.
3.2 ALL AIR SYSTEMS
A. SYSTEM FEATURES: The features listed below shall be incorporated in
design unless specific deviations recommended by a designer are
deemed beneficial for this project.

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1. An all air system shall comprise of a single duct, horizontal,

draw-thru, chilled water (or direct expansion-DX), variable air
volume (VAV) air handling unit complete with fan, filter, and coil
sections. For roof mounted air handling units, fully weatherized,
penthouse configuration with modular sections shall be provided.
For the animal research areas, the air handling units shall have
double wall casings so that the internal insulation does not come
in contact with air stream.
2. Each air handling unit of the support areas shall be equipped with
a return air fan and an economizer capability of providing "free
cooling" during mild outdoor conditions.
3. Each air handling unit shall be equipped with 30% (ASHRAE Test)
efficiency pre-filters; and:
a. 90% - 95% (ASHRAE Test) efficiency after-filters for the animal
research air handling units.
b. 50% - 60% (ASHRAE Test) efficiency after-filters for the
support areas air handling units and make-up air units for H13
fume hoods.
Both, prefilters and afterfilters, can be located back to back
(in one section) on the upstream side of the supply air fan.
4. Supply Air Distribution: The supply air shall be distributed by
ducts, air terminal units, and air outlets.
5. Return Air Distribution (Support Areas Only): The return air from
each space need not be ducted, as the space above the suspended
ceiling can be used as return air plenum. For conference rooms and
for rooms where partition walls extend up to the underside of the
structural ceiling, an acoustically lined "Z" duct shall be used to
pick up return air.
3.3 TERMINAL COOLING/HEATING SYSTEMS (SUPPORT AREAS ONLY)
A. SYSTEM FEATURES: The terminal systems shall be used for the perimeter
spaces only.
1. The outside air for ventilation shall be supplied by directly
ducted connections from a 100% outside air, central air handling
unit. The unit shall have the same quality of filtration as the
air handling units of all air systems.
2. If the building has limited interior spaces, ventilation air, with
a suitable temperature control, can be used to cool these spaces
as well.
3. A ducted general exhaust air system shall be provided to pick up
exhaust air from toilets, janitor closets, and soiled storage

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rooms. The exhaust air system shall also pick room air from all
occupied areas. See Article 6, ENERGY CONSERVATION, for heat
recovery system criteria.
B. SYSTEM CONFIGURATIONS:
1. Four Pipe Fan Coil Units: The fan coil units shall be located under
the windows in vertical, floor mounted arrangement:
a. The use of the horizontal, ceiling suspended, fan coil units is
not permitted due to the probable clogging of the cooling coil
condensate drain lines and drain pans and the resulting
possibility of the growth of algae and bacteria in drain pans.
b. The fan coil units shall not be used for the interior spaces and
corridors.
2. Four Pipe Radiant Ceiling Panel Systems: The radiant ceiling panels
shall be used to heat and cool the perimeter spaces. The panels
shall be selected in modular (600 mm x 1200 mm (2'x 4') and/or 600 mm
x 600 mm (2'x 2') and continuous, wall to wall, linear
configuration(s). With linear design, the width of the panels shall
be adjusted to match the cooling and heating loads.
a. If the modular panels occupy at least 50% of ceiling area,
complete ceiling construction shall be composed of matching metal
ceiling panels made by the same manufacturer. The ceiling
installation shall be done by one contractor to avoid coordination
problems between active cooling/heating panels and inactive
panels.
b. The arrangement of the central air handling unit for ventilation
shall be identical to the fan coil units with one additional
requirement. The conditioned ventilation air shall be responsible
for removing the space latent heat gain in cooling mode.
Consequently, the supply air temperature of the ventilation air
will have to adjusted in relation to the chilled water temperature
entering the panels to avoid condensation on the panel surfaces.
In addition, appropriate overriding control features should also
be incorporated in the system design, to avoid the possibility of
condensation.
c. The minimum ventilation air should not be less than the
manufacturer's recommendations.
d. The radiant ceiling panels should not be used in areas with
excessive internal latent heat gain. Example: Conference Rooms.

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3.4 EXHAUST AIR SYSTEMS

A. GENERAL: The following guidelines shall be used for designing the
exhaust systems for the animal research facilities.
1. As far as possible, each air handling unit shall have its own
dedicated general exhaust fan system, interlocked with the supply
air unit, to ensure proper air balance and control. The general
exhaust system, whether from the animal research area or support
areas, shall include exhaust air from the janitor closets, storage
areas, soiled areas, and qualifying electrical/telephone closets.
2. All air from the animal research areas shall be exhausted outdoor
from the highest roof level of the building with the discharge
velocity of 1530 m/s (3,000 fpm). Recirculation of the room air
within the space, or between the spaces, is not permitted. The
designer shall ensure the exhaust air does not contaminate the
intake air to the air handling units of the research facility or
the surrounding buildings.
3. For fume hoods, dedicated exhaust systems shall be provided. The
specific requirements of these systems depend upon the type of
hoods(s).
4. To handle generally saturated and moist air from the cage washing
area, a dedicated "wet exhaust" system shall be provided.
5. Air from the animal holding room shall be exhausted at the floor
level with the bottom of the exhaust intake at six inches above
the floor level. If possible, exhaust shall be picked from all
four corners of the room. If this is not feasible, the air shall
be exhausted from two diametrically opposite sides of the room.
The exhaust air shall be filtered by providing a throw-away type
of economical air filter, with cardboard frame, at each air
intake. The filter shall easily slip into a surface mounted
stainless steel frame to facilitate observation and timely change
of the filters, the surface of the filters shall be exposed (that
is, without any cover) to rooms.
6. See Article 6 for the heat recovery criteria for the exhaust air.
B. FUME HOOD EXHAUST SYSTEMS:
1. General: Depending upon the type of hood and/or biological safety
cabinet dedicated exhaust systems shall be provided as shown below.
The following considerations apply to each fume hood exhaust system.
a. The ventilation system for the fume hood exhaust shall conform to
the OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Act), Regulation 29 CFR,
Part 1910. The exhaust shall be continuously monitored and an

13
 06-06

alarm system (local audible and visible alarm, and an alarm at the
central engineering control center (ECC), if any) shall be
provided for each fume hood and biological safety cabinet.
b. The exhaust fans should be selected to operate at low tip speed
(approximately at half the maximum permissible tip speed) and
maximum static efficiency. To ensure verification, provide fan
selection data on a performance curve.
c. Keep air velocity through the exhaust ducts within the ASHRAE
recommended range of 1000 to 1200 feet per minute.
d. Select backward inclined or forward curved blade fans. Ensure
that the fan discharge is directed upwards and the discharge
velocity of 15 m/s (3,000 fpm) is maintained.
e. Perform sound analysis for each exhaust fan and provide sound
attenuation, as required, by installing prefabricated sound
attenuators or sections of lined ductwork.
f. To ensure design air flow, a pressure independent, factory set
(but field adjustable), automatic air flow control and balancing
valve shall be provided for each fume hood and biological safety
cabinet. This requirement is applicable even when an exhaust fan
is connected to a single fume hood or a single biological safety
cabinet.
2. H3 Radioisotope Hoods: The following minimum design criteria shall
apply:
a. Provide a dedicated exhaust system for each H3 hood.
b. The exhaust air quantities m3/min (CFM) and pressure drops (Pa)
(Inch of Water Gage) are listed below in Table 3.1:

TABLE 3.1
SIZE EXHAUST PRESSURE DROP
Millimeters m3/mi. Pa
1200 (48") 25 (875 CFM) 93 (0.375")
1500 (60") 32 (1125 CFM) 93 (0.375")
1800 (72") 38 (1375 CFM) 93 (0.375")

c. Provide a HEPA filter in exhaust air stream prior to discharge at

or above the highest point of the building.
d. Provide an alternate room exhaust air connection, so exhaust air
may be drawn from the room grille when the hood is not in
operation. Provide automatic on/off dampers in each branch duct
and an automatic air flow control and balance valve in the common

14
 06-06

exhaust duct to ensure constant static pressure in each branch.

See VA Standard Detail 15900-8. The minimum static pressure drop
to operate the valve shall not exceed 93 Pa (0.375 Inch WG).
e. The ductwork shall be galvanized sheet metal material.
3. H7/H13, Chemical Hoods: H7 and H13 hoods have identical requirements
with the exception of the make-up air system. The H7 hoods use all
room air as the make-up air for exhaust; the H13 hoods use 60%
auxiliary make-up air directly ducted to the hoods and remaining 40%
room air for their exhaust needs.
a. Provide a dedicated, corrosion resistant, exhaust system to serve
not more than four H7 or H13 hoods.
b. The exhaust air quantities (m3/min)(CFM) and pressure drops
(Pa)(Inch of Water Gage) for H7 and H13 hoods are listed below in
Table 3.2.

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 06-06

Table 3.2

PRESSURE DROPS
SIZE H7 H13 EXHAUST EXHAUST MAKE-UP
MILLIMETERS EXHAUST ROOM AUXILIARY TOTAL H7/H13 H13 ONLY
(CFM) (CFM) (CFM) (CFM) ("WG) ("WG)
900(36") 18(625) 7(250) 11(375) 18(625) 89(0.36) 7.5(0.03)
1200(48") 25(875) 10(350) 15(525) 25(875) 75(0.30) 17(0.07)
1500(60") 32(1125) 13(450) 19(675) 32(1125) 80(0.32) 54(0.22)
1800(72") 39(1375) 15(550) 23(825 39(1375) 60(0.24) 82(0.33)
2400(96") 53(1875) 21(750) 32(1125) 53(1875) 100(0.40)139(0.56)

c. The auxiliary make-up air shall be filtered and heated to room

temperature by a central make-up air unit.
The designer shall compare the two schemes involving all room air
and the combination of auxiliary make-up air and room air before
advising the equipment specialist to select H7 or H13 hoods.
d. The ductwork shall be stainless steel or optional PVC coated
galvanized steel with spark-proof construction exhaust fan and
explosion proof motor.
4. H12, Biological Safety Cabinets (Hoods): The National Sanitation
Foundation (NSF), Standard 49, has divided the Biological Safety
Cabinets (BSCS) into four different types, namely A, B1, B2, and B3.
These hoods are available in two sizes: Nominal - 1200 mm (4 Feet)
and 1800 mm (6 Feet), and are classified as Class I or Class II.
Class II offers personal, product, and environmental protection
compared to limited protection offered by Class I and are, therefore,
more in use.
a. The exhaust air quantities m3/min (CFM) and pressure drops Pa
(Inches of Water Gage) for A and B3 cabinets are listed below in
Table 3.3.

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 06-06

Table 3.3

SIZE, MILLIMETERS EXHAUST PRESSURE DROP

(CFM) (Pa)

1370 (54") (4 ft. nominal) 7 (260) 35 (0.14)

-------------------------------------------------------
1980 (78") (6 ft. nominal) 11 (390) 35 (0.14)
-------------------------------------------------------

The exhaust air can be connected to the general exhaust

system with indirect connections per VA Standard Detail
15840-20

b. The exhaust air quantities m3/min. (CFM) and pressure drops Pa

(Inch of Water Gage) for type B1 and B2 cabinets are listed below
in Table 3.4.
Table 3.4

SIZE
TYPE MILLIMETERS EXHAUST PRESSURE DROP

B1 1370 (54) 7 (256) 175 (0.70)

-------------------------------------------------
B1 1980 (78) 11 (374) 175 (0.70)
-------------------------------------------------
B2 1370 (54) 14 (492) 520 (2.10)
-------------------------------------------------
B2 1980 (78) 24 (840) 520 (2.10)
-------------------------------------------------
Notes:
1. Provide a dedicated exhaust system for each B1 or B2
hood.
2. The ductwork shall be stainless steel or optional PVC
coated galvanized steel with spark-proof construction
exhaust fan and explosion proof motor.
3. The above static pressure valves include drop through
HEPA filter and transition fitting on exhaust side.
The HEPA filter is supplied by the hood manufacturer.
With type B1 hood, the filter is within the hood
casing; the mounting is external with type B2 hood.
Coordinate ceiling height (3 m (10 ft.) with HEPA
filter on the top of B2 hood) requirements and
mounting detail with other disciplines.

17
 06-06

4. Provide an air flow control and balancing valve in the

exhaust air stream side to ensure constant air flow
through the exhaust air system.
5. Coordinate the following accessories with the hood
manufacturer.
I. Air tight damper on the exhaust side to isolate the
hood for service and maintenance.
II. Air Monitoring Device: To sound an audible and
visible alarm at the hood and at the central ECC in
the event the flow varies more than plus or minus
5% of the normal value.
III.Air Flow Switch: Provide an air flow switch to sound
an alarm in the event of an interruption in exhaust
fan operation.
6. H14, Perchloric Acid Hoods: The perchloric acid hoods require
dedicated exhaust systems with the following requirements:
a. The exhaust air quantities (m3/min) (CFM) and pressure drops (Pa)
(Inch of Water Gage) for H14 hoods are listed below in Table 3.5.

Table 3.5

SIZE
MILLIMETERS EXHAUST PRESSURE DROP

1200 (48") 29 (1030) 156 (0.625")

---------------------------------------------
1500 (60") 38 (1355) 125 (0.50")
---------------------------------------------
1800 (72") 47 (1680) 187 (0.75")
---------------------------------------------
2400 (96") 66 (2355) 187 (0.75")
---------------------------------------------
b. Provide stainless steel (type 316) welded construction ductwork,
acid resistant metallic fan or metallic fan covered with inorganic
(polyurethane) coating, and explosion proof motor.
c. The ductwork shall be short, straight, and with minimum horizontal
runs, manifolds, and sharp turns. The exhaust discharge shall
terminate by using a vertical discharge cap which extends well
above the roof eddy zone.
d. Coordinate cold water make-up connections and electrical power
supply for heat tracing requirements with other trades for the
washdown cycle for hood and ductwork.
e. Provide local (visible and audible) and central (Engineering
Control Center - ECC) alarms indicating status and failure.

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 06-06

C. WET EXHAUST SYSTEMS:

1. General: The exhaust air from the cage sanitation area shall be
picked up by a dedicated exhaust system and mainly through the canopy
type of hoods over the cage and rack washer(s), tunnel washer(s), and
autoclave(s).
2. Exhaust ducts shall be corrosion resistant. The duct material shall
be either high grade 316 stainless steel with welded joints, or
plastic, or plastic lined. The horizontal runs must be leak proof
(flanged and gasketed joints are not satisfactory) and fitted with a
gravity drain to remove condensed moisture.
3. The exhaust fan motor shall be kept out of the air stream.
4. The exhaust air volume shall be based on the requirements of the
sanitation equipment and the size(s) of the canopy hoods through
which a face velocity of 30 m (100 feet) per minute shall be
maintained. When cage washer door(s) are open (get signal from
washer control panel) air shall be exhausted from the washer (125 Pa)
(0.5 inch Water Gage - WG. static pressure drop). The same air shall
be exhausted through canopy hood(s) when the washer doors are closed.
To implement the changeover, a set of motorized dampers shall be
provided between the washer inlet and canopy hood with only one
damper open at any given time. An air flow control valve shall be
provided in the exhaust air duct to ensure the same air volume
through each circuit.
3.5 TEMPERATURE CONTROL CRITERIA
A. GENERAL: The temperature controls system shall be direct digital
(DDC) type with pneumatic and/or electronic operators for the
dampers, valves, and air terminal units. The DDC controls of the
animal research facilities shall be connected to the engineering
control center (ECC) if the facility has any such central control
center, and if such tie-in is technically feasible. Alternately, a
dedicated ECC shall be provided for the ease of remote control and
monitoring of the animal research controls.
B. SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS:
1. Monitoring: An automatic monitor and alarm system for monitoring
the space temperature (high and low) and humidity shall be
provided for each animal room and/or cubical. Note the following
guidelines:
a. The monitoring at local level shall be done by providing a
dedicated panel with visible (light) and audible (bell with reset)
capabilities. The monitoring at central level shall be done

19
 06-06

through the ECC. Locate local alarms away from the animal holding
area and coordinate location with the medical center.
b. In rooms with animal cubicals, temperature sensors should be
located in the exhaust ducts.
c. If the control system has pneumatic thermostats, monitoring should
be done by separate independent electronic sensors. Note that
each animal holding area or a cubical does not require humidity
control. Humidity control (winter humidification) for the animal
holding areas is required at the unit level only. Winter
humidification is not required for high moisture generating areas.
2. Hot Water/Steam Control Valves: In the event of any failure of the
temperature control system, normally closed hot water (or steam
heating) valves shall be provided for preheat and reheat coils to
avoid accidental overheating of the animal holding spaces.
3. Ventilation Equipment: All supply and exhaust fans of the animal
research areas shall be monitored at the ECC with an alarm provision
in the event of any fan failure.
C. ROOM TEMPERATURE CONTROLS:
1. Animal Research Area: Each room in animal research area shall have
an individual room temperature control.
2. Support Area: The following guidelines shall apply:
a. All corner exterior rooms, with more than one exposure, shall
have individual room temperature control.
b. All conference and class rooms shall have individual room
temperature control.
c. Offices of the directors, assistant directors, and chiefs shall
have individual room temperature control.
d. All corridors shall have individual room temperature control.
Corridors shall not be grouped with occupied areas.
e. Perimeter offices (up to four), on the same exposure, can be
grouped together to form one common room temperature control
unit.
f. Interior offices (up to six), based on the architectural
layout, can be grouped together to form one common room
temperature control unit.
g. The interior and exterior spaces shall not be grouped together
to form one common room temperature control unit. Similarly,
rooms on different exposures shall not be grouped together to
form one common room temperature control unit.

20
 06-06

D. FAN VOLUMETRIC CONTROLS (SUPPORT AREAS): For fan volumetric controls

of the VAV (variable air volume) systems. The following guidelines
shall apply:
1. Variable Speed Drive Package: For air handling units of 280
m3/min. (10,000 CFM) and larger capacities, the package of the
volumetric controls shall consist of the variable speed drives for
the supply and return air fans and the control accessories
comprising of the air flow measuring devices and static pressure
sensor(s). The preferred sequence of operation is described in VA
Standard Details Nos. 15900-11,11A,11B,11C.
2. Constant Speed Operation: For air handling units smaller than 280
m3/min (10,000 CFM) capacity, the individual room temperature
control shall involve variation in the supply air volume.
However, the supply and return air fans shall continue to operate
at constant speed. During part load conditions, the bypass type
of room air terminal units will divert (and relieve) the supply
air into the ceiling air plenum, where, after mixing with the room
return air, it will find its way into the return air system.
E. Heating Controls: See Article 4.
F. Cooling Controls: See Article 5.
3.6 SMOKE AND FIRE CONTROL
The smoke control for the HVAC systems shall be designed in accordance
with NFPA 90a to affect system shutdown in the event of smoke
detection. The systems shall be incorporated with the following
features:
A. SMOKE DETECTORS AND SMOKE DAMPERS:
1. SMOKE DETECTORS: A duct mounted smoke detector shall be installed
in the main supply air duct, on the downstream side of the after
filters and prior to any duct takeoff, of all supply air systems
of capacities greater than 56 m3/min. (2,000 CFM). Upon smoke
detection, the duct detector (through its auxiliary contacts)
shall:
a. Stop the supply and associated return air fan; the building
exhaust air fan(s) shall continue to run.
b. Sound an alarm at the fire alarm system.
c. Sound an audible alarm and print an alarm message at the
central engineering control center (ECC).
2. SMOKE DAMPERS: In addition to the supply air duct detector listed
in Paragraph 1, for air handling units with capacities larger than

21
 06-06

420 m3/min. (15,000 CFM) and serving more than floor, the
following shall be provided:
a. Smoke dampers shall be provided in the supply and return air
ducts to isolate the air handling unit as shown in Supplement,
Attachment No. 1.
b. Smoke detectors shall be provided at each main branch return
air duct, at each floor, as it connects to the vertical return
air main duct at shaft.
c. Upon smoke detection by any duct detector, in addition to the
sequence of operation listed in paragraph 1, the smoke dampers
shall close. The arrangement is shown in Supplement, Attachment
No. 1.
3. SMOKE BARRIERS: For a fully sprinklered building using quick
response sprinkler heads, duct mounted smoke detectors and/or
dampers are not required at the smoke barrier crossing of the HVAC
ducts. If the building is not fully sprinklered with quick
response sprinklers, smoke dampers and detectors shall be required
in each duct at each barrier penetration. Upon activation of any
detector, the sequence of operation listed in paragraphs 1 and 2
shall take place.
B. FIRE DAMPERS: Fire dampers are required at the duct penetrations of
the two hour rated fire walls, fire partitions, shafts, ceiling, and
floors. Exception: Vertical separation; where the fire dampers are
required even in one hour rated wall. Fire dampers are not required
in duct penetration of exterior walls and roof.
C. MISCELLANEOUS REQUIREMENTS:
1. Stairs Pressurization: VA does not require pressurization of
stairwells.
2. Elevators Smoke Venting: To comply with rule 100.4 of ANSI.1,
Elevator Safety Code, provide smoke venting control as shown in VA
Standard Detail No. 15900-18.
3. All duct smoke detectors and dampers must be shown on the
mechanical schematic control diagrams and mechanical floor plans.
3.7 MISCELLANEOUS HVAC SYSTEMS
The following HVAC sub-systems shall be included in the design of the
mechanical systems as required:
A. TELEPHONE EQUIPMENT ROOM: To cool the telephone equipment, a
dedicated, standalone, back-up HVAC unit shall be provided with the
building HVAC system acting as the primary source of cooling. The
additional features are:

22
 06-06

1. To ensure an easy start in mild weather, an air cooled direct

expansion (or chilled water system) is preferred.
2. While sizing the system capacity, an estimate of 100 telephone
lines = 1318 W (4,500 BTUH) shall be used.
3. To maintain the design space humidity, if the building steam is
not available, use of a portable humidifier should be considered.
B. ELEVATOR EQUIPMENT ROOM:
1. Mechanical Cooling: The designer shall coordinate the need to
maintain lower space temperature in the equipment room for proper
functioning of the associated electronic equipment; and, provide a
dedicated, standalone cooling unit, if required. The unit shall be
DX, air cooled to ensure an easy start in mild weather.
2. Ventilation: If mechanical cooling is not required, a
thermostatically controlled, dedicated ventilation system shall be
provided to remove heat gain generated due to the elevator
equipment. The system shall comprise of an exhaust fan, motorized
intake louver (if the machine room has an external wall or an
exposed roof), or a supply air make-up fan. Air distribution
ductwork on the exhaust and intake side shall be provided as
required.
3. Heating: To maintain the minimum design winter temperature, a
thermostatically controlled electric unit heater shall be
provided.
C. MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT ROOM:
1. Ventilation: A thermostatically controlled ventilation system,
with features similar to the elevator equipment room ventilation
shall be provided to prevent excessive space temperature.
2. Heating: To maintain the minimum design winter temperature, a
thermostatically controlled unit heater (hot water or steam
preferred) shall be provided. Note that it may not be necessary
to provide any heat in the equipment rooms where steam system
components, such as, pressure reducing valve station and/or steam
to hot water convertors are located.
D. TRANSFORMER ROOM: Similar to Item D above. The space heat gain due
to the transformer losses shall be calculated based on the KVA
ratings and type of transformers. Use the following estimate as a
guide:
1. Dry Type Transformers: 35 W (120 BTUH) per KVA for 30 KVA to 112
KVA sizes.

23
 06-06

2. Liquid Type Transformers: 15 W (50 BTUH) per KVA for 225 KVA and
larger sizes.
3. Electrical Equipment Rooms (Switchgear Rooms): Same as Paragraph D
above.
3.8 EMERGENCY ELECTRICAL POWER
The following components of the HVAC systems for the animal research area
shall be on emergency electrical power:
A. All supply and exhaust air fans serving animal research areas and
general and special exhaust air systems.
B. All automatic temperature control systems including pneumatic air
compressors, air dryers, and local and central (ECC) engineering
controls.
3.9 SMOKE AND FIRE PROTECTION
See Supplement, Attachment No. 1.
4. HEATING SYSTEMS:
4.1 GENERAL
As far as possible, hydronic hot water heating system(s) shall be used
to heat the space; and, if the building is on the grounds of the
medical center, heating hot water shall be produced from the steam
available from the central boiler plant. The incoming steam pressure
shall be reduced to 204 Pa (30 PSIG) by installing a suitable PRV
station (VA Standard Detail Nos. 15705.31 & 15705-32). Medium
pressure steam ( 206 Pa) (30 PSIG) shall be used for the steam preheat
coils, steam to hot water convertors, and humidifiers. If the use of
the building steam from the central boiler plant is not feasible due
to elaborate and cumbersome steam/condensate piping distribution
layout, or due to insufficient boiler capacity, dedicated hot water
boilers shall be used. The electric resistance heating shall not be
used unless it is proven cost effective.
4.2 SELECTION CRITERIA (HOT WATER HEATING)
The following criteria shall apply for sizing and selecting hot water
heating systems:
A. PUMPING CAPACITY (3.7 KW (5.0 HP) OR LESS): If the total pumping
capacity of the heating system is equal to or less than 3.7 KW (5.0
HP), two convertors and pumps of 100% capacity each shall be
provided. One convertor and pump shall act as standby.
B. PUMPING CAPACITY (LARGER THAN 3.7 KW (5.0 HP): If the total pumping
capacity of the heating system is larger than 3.7 KW (5.0 HP), two
convertors and pumps of 50% capacity each shall be provided. No
standby equipment is required.
C. SYSTEM CONFIGURATION: As far as possible, provide a common heating
system for all heating terminal units and for the unit mounted
preheat coils for which there is no danger of coil freeze up. With a
common heating system for perimeter heating and interior reheat
applications, care must be taken to ensure that the hot water

24
 06-06

temperature, reset schedule, and the flow rates can satisfy perimeter
and interior duties with by selected parameters. Two independent
heating systems, one for interior reheat and another for perimeter
heating, shall be considered only if such an arrangement is proved
cost effective.
D. SYSTEM CONTROLS:
1. Temperatures: The maximum hot water temperature, to meet the peak
heating demand, shall not exceed 80oC (180oF). The hot water
temperature shall be on an inverse reset schedule with the outdoor
temperature and the minimum hot water temperature shall not be
less than 58 oC (140oF). The modulating steam valves installed on
the convertors shall operate in response to a change in the
leaving temperature as shown in VA Standard Detail No. 15900-3.
2. Pump Control: The pump(s) shall be allowed to ride on the pump
curve during part load conditions unless the system capacity
exceeds 7.5 KW (10HP) pump each. In that case variable speed
drives shall be used. Care shall be taken to ensure that at least
15% water flow remains in circulation and water flows up to the
end of each water branch (or a riser). With two pumps of 50% in
operation, staging of the pumps shall be based on the actual flow
and/or outdoor temperature.
4.3 MISCELLANEOUS HEATING APPLICATIONS
Where the outdoor winter design temperature is 4oC (40oF) and below, a
thermostatically controlled, forced air, heating terminal device(s)
shall be provided for the building entrances, vestibules, attic
spaces, and exterior stairs. In addition, the vestibules shall be
pressurized by supplying conditioned air at the rate of 36 m3/min. per
sq. meter (2.0 CFM per square foot) and allowing it to exfiltrate
outside by not providing any ducted exhaust or return air connections.
4.4 PREHEAT COILS (FREEZE PROTECTION)
For situations, where the preheat coils (located in the air handling
unit casings) could be subjected to below freezing temperature, either
steam preheat coils with integral face bypass dampers, or a separate
heating system with hot glycol water heating coils, shall be used.
4.5 EMERGENCY ELECTRICAL POWER
The following components of the heating system shall be on emergency
electrical power.
A. All hot water heating pumps.
B. All steam condensate return pumps.
C. All automatic temperature controls, local and central (ECC) control
panels.
D. All hot water boilers if used in place of steam to hot water
convertors.

25
 06-06

5. COOLING SYSTEMS:
5.1 GENERAL
A dedicated chilled water system shall be provided to serve the animal
research areas. This system shall be cross connected to the central
chilled water plant (if the medical center has any existing central
chilled water system) as an emergency back-up. The dedicated system
for the animal research areas shall operate as the primary source of
cooling.
5.2 SYSTEMS FEATURES
A. CHILLER(S) TYPE AND QUANTITY: As far as possible, the chillers shall
be air cooled to facilitate easy start-up. Two chillers of identical
capacity (50% each) shall be provided to meet the total cooling load
at design conditions. If the central chilled water plant is used as a
back up, for a small animal research project (178 KW (50 tons
capacity), a single chiller with multiple compressors can be used in
lieu of two separate chillers.
B. CHILLED WATER TEMPERATURE: The chillers shall be selected at low
leaving chilled water temperature (5oC)(42oF) to maintain the inside
design temperature (18oC) (65oF) and Relative Humidity (60% RH).
C. PIPING/PUMPING ARRANGEMENT:
1. General: The piping/pumping arrangement shall be such that, during
part load conditions, when a chiller is not in use, its
auxiliaries can be shut down. To meet this need with multiple
chillers, primary/secondary pumping arrangement, as shown in
Supplement, Attachment No. 2, shall be used. According to this
arrangement, each chiller shall have its own primary chilled water
pump. With two chillers, three primary chilled water pumps shall
be provided; the third primary chilled water pump shall act as 50%
standby. Similarly, with water cooled chillers, each chiller shall
have its own condenser water pump. With two chillers, three
condenser water pumps shall be provided; the third pump shall act
as 50% standby.
2. Secondary Chilled Water Piping: In Supplement, Attachment No. 3,
suggested secondary interface is shown with variable flow, two way
chilled water control valves, and variable speed secondary pumps.
For a small project with only one air handling unit, constant flow
primary chilled water pump can be used to circulate water through
the chilled water cooling coil as well. With this arrangement, the
cooling coil shall be equipped with a three way control valve.
3. Tertiary Chilled Water Piping: In Supplement, Attachment No. 4,
suggested secondary/tertiary chilled water interface is shown.
This arrangement shall be used when the animal research areas are

26
 06-06

to be cross connected to a central chilled water plant with campus

type secondary chilled water distribution system. Note that the
tertiary chilled water pumps are actually the secondary chilled
water pumps of the animal research areas.
4. Chilled Water Filter: A cartridge type of water filters shall be
provided across pumps per VA standard Detail 15705.15. The filter
capacity shall not be more than 1% to 2% of the total flow in
circulation.
D. COOLING TOWER TREATMENT: Water treatment for the cooling towers shall
be provided and the equipment location shall be shown on the
drawings. The equipment location shall make an allowance for the
chemical drums (in use and spares) and their movement in and out of
the chilled water plant. If the chemicals feed pump is interlocked
with the cooling tower flow, the treatment chemicals may be put into
the condenser return piping. If a cooling tower bypass is included in
the system design, the bypass should discharge into the cooling tower
basin(s) rather than into the cooling tower outlet piping.
5.3 FREEZE PROTECTION
A. CHILLED WATER: The following measures shall be evaluated to protect
the coils and pipes carrying chilled water. The designer shall select
one or more options as deemed necessary.
1. Heat Tracing: All exposed chilled water piping shall be heat raced
by providing thermostatically controlled electric tape. See VA
Master Specifications, Section 15705, HVAC PIPING SYSTEMS for the
watts/linear foot loading.
2. Remote Air Cooled Condenser: Entire chilled water piping shall be
kept indoors by locating only the air cooled condenser outdoors.
3. Partial Draining: Only the exposed chilled water piping shall be
drained in the winter season. The indoor chilled water piping
shall remain filled with water. This measure will require drain
valves and isolating valves at appropriate locations in the indoor
chilled water piping.
4. Automatic Flow Activation: The chilled water flow shall be
activated automatically below preset ambient temperature and/or
chilled water temperature in exposed piping to prevent freeze up.
Note: The use of the glycol solution in the chilled water shall
be avoided due to the following:
a. Loss of heat transfer efficiency (Approximately 5% - 10%
penalty in chiller and coil selections).
b. Higher pumping cost (Due to higher pumping head requirement).

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 06-06

c. Higher initial cost (Due to: Glycol, fill station, larger

circulating pumps).
d. Higher maintenance costs (Due to: Possible glycol leak and
disintegration over a period of time).
B. COOLING TOWER: The cooling tower shall be winterized by:
1. Heaters: By providing thermostatically controlled heaters in the
cooling tower basins. This measure shall be used only if the
cooling tower is scheduled to remain in operation during fall and
winter. All exposed condenser water piping shall be heat traced.
2. Partial Draining: The exposed volume of the condenser water shall
be drained during fall and winter and the indoor condenser water
shall be left in the distribution system. With this measure, it
will be possible to partially save the water chemicals. A set of
drain and isolating valves should be provided, as required, to
facilitate drainage.
5.4 SYSTEM CONTROLS
A. General: The chillers shall be equipped with the factory furnished
safety controls and flow switches which shall be interfaced with the
operating controls. The operating controls shall be selected by the
designer to suit the system capacity and configuration. The following
guidelines are offered:
1. Single Chiller Installation: With a single chiller, the capacity
control shall be generally based on monitoring the return chilled
water temperature and/or maintaining variable fixed leaving
chilled water temperature.
2. Two Chillers Installation: With two chillers, primary/secondary
pumping arrangement shall be used with variable speed drives for
the secondary pumps, if the pumps are 7.5 HP and larger. For
smaller secondary pumps, the capacity reduction of the chillers
shall be affected without the use of the variable speed drives for
the secondary pumps.
B. Miscellaneous Controls: The chilled water leaving water temperature
can be changed in response to the outdoor temperature on a reset
schedule and this control can be used with or without the flow
control for the chiller operation.
5.5 EMERGENCY ELECTRICAL POWER
A. The following components of the cooling systems shall be provide with
emergency electrical power:

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 06-06

1. All items of the cooling system, that is, chillers, circulating

pumps, cooling tower fans, and associated automatic control
circuits.
2. All heat tracing circuits for chilled water and cooling tower
freeze protection.
6. ENERGY CONSERVATION
6.1 GENERAL
The project design including mechanical systems shall use the
provisions outlined in this document, and criteria from other
technical disciplines, to meet the requirements of the DOE regulations
10-CFR Part 435 Energy Conservation Voluntary Performance Standards
for Commercial and Multi-Family High Rise Residential Buildings;
Mandatory for new Federal Buildings. To demonstrate compliance with
the "DOE Interim Standards", should it become necessary to change any
requirement outlined in the VA HVAC Design Manual, the A/E shall
provide definite recommendations to do so after a careful review of
the Standards and VA Manual.
6.2 BUILDING THERMAL ENVELOPE
A. NEW CONSTRUCTION: The building thermal envelope for the new VA animal
research facilities shall be energy efficient to minimize the heat
gain and loss due to conduction and solar radiation. The building
envelope shall minimize the air leakage to and from the occupied
spaces and shall also ensure condensation control.
1. Recommend "U" Values: The following represents the recommended "U"
values of walls, roof, and glass, and the Shading Coefficients
(SCs) of glass for new construction. These values should be used
to meet the overall Uo factor, for the building gross wall area,
defined under the next paragraph.
Table 6.1

Degree-Days Wall"U" Glass"U"/SC Roof"U" Floor"U"

3000 & Below 0.27(0.13) 2.3(1.13)/0.6 0.10(.05) 0.24(0.12)

3001 to 5000 0.20(0.10) 1.02(0.5)/0.5 0.10(.05) 0.20(0.10)

5001 & Above 0.14(0.07) 1.02(0.5)/0.33 0.06(.03) 0.16(0.08)

Notes:
1. The degrees days are based on heating season below 18oC
(65oF) outdoor temperature in accordance with the
ASHRAE Handbooks of Fundamental and Systems.
2. The SCs of the glass windows are based on the intrinsic
property of the glass material only, that is, without

29
 06-06

any assistance from the external shading devices, such

as, venetian blinds and/or curtains.

3. Insulating glass with lower "U" value might be necessary

to prevent condensation while maintaining the required
30% Relative Humidity (RH) in perimeter spaces with
-4oC (25oF) outdoor design temperature and below.
4. The "U" values are expressed as W/m2/oC (BTUH/Hr/FT2/oF).
5. The "U" values for floors, are for floors of heated spaces
over unheated areas, such as, sub-basements (pipe
basements), garages, crawl spaces, etc. The
requirements of insulation for the slabs-on-grade for
the heated spaces are shown under perimeter
insulation.
2. Overall "U" Value: The above recommended values should be used to
establish the overall "U" factor (Uo) for the building gross wall
area. Designer A/E shall compute these values and demonstrate
that they do not exceed the limiting values listed below in Table
6.2.

Table 6.2

Degree-Days Uo (Overall)

3000 & Below 0.73 (0.36)

3001 to 5000 0.63 (0.31)

5001 & Above 0.59 (0.28)

Uo = Uw x Aw + Ug + Ag + Ud x Ad
Ao
Uo = Overall Transmission Factor
Ao = Overall Gross Wall Area
Uw = Wall "U" Factor
Aw = Wall Area
Ug = Glass "U" Factor
Ag = Glass Area
Ud = Door "U" Factor
Ad = Door Area

Notes:
1. The roof or floor "U" factors and areas do not enter into
computation.

30
 06-06

2. There are no specific requirements for the door "U"

values. Insulated doors are recommended.
3. Perimeter Insulation: For heated occupied spaces, the
slabs-on-grade shall be thermally isolated by providing
perimeter insulation on the interior of foundation walls.
The requirements are listed below in Table 6.3.

Table 6.3

Degrees-Days Insulation Thickness

3000 & Below 25 mm (1")

3001 & Above 50 mm (2")

The insulation shall have "R" value (Same Units as "U") of

5.0.
B. EXISTING CONSTRUCTION: The designer shall examine the existing
building envelope and recommend the ways and means to improve its
thermal efficiency. It is recognized that retrofitting the existing
walls with new insulation is expensive; however, it should be
evaluated if economically and technically feasible. The existing
single pane windows shall, however, be replaced by insulating double
pane windows ("U" factor 0.5 & Shading Coefficient 0.5) as a part of
the major renovation effort involving heating, mechanical cooling,
and winter humidification.
6.3 DESIGN FEATURES
In addition to energy studies and decisions made in conjunction with
economic analysis, the following features shall be incorporated
without the need for an economic analysis.
A. Air conditioning systems shall be designed to operate below 48oF
outdoor temperature without refrigeration.
B. For all locations where the outdoor winter design temperatures are
below -1oC (30oF) and the winter degree days are in excess of 3000,
heat recovery devices, comprising of either air to air plate heat
exchangers or glycol run around loop heat recovery coils, shall be
installed in all 100% outdoor air systems with capacities in excess
of 85 m3/min (3000 CFM). The general exhaust air systems, from which
the heat is to be extracted, shall also have capacity in excess of 85
m3/min (3000 CFM) per exhaust fan, and shall be of continuously
operating type. Controls shall also be designed to avoid overheating
the outdoor air during mild or warm weather and prevent icing of the
exhaust air coil below OoC (32oF) ambient air temperatures.

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 06-06

Note that the energy recovery systems are not required in the special
exhaust systems for the fume hoods, wet exhaust system for the cage
sanitation equipment, and for the exhaust air from the animal
operating rooms.
C. ENERGY EFFICIENT MOTORS: Refer to the VA Standard Detail 618 for
application and schedule.
7. DOCUMENTATION AND MISCELLANEOUS REQUIREMENTS
7.1 GENERAL
Refer to Article 10, APPLICABLE CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS AND REFERENCE
DOCUMENTS INDEX, for the applicable requirements. To avoid any
confusion and dispute, nomenclature on the drawings shall correspond
exactly to nomenclature in the VA Master Specifications.
7.2 SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
A. General Notes, Abbreviations, Symbols.
B. VA Standard Equipment Schedules. Include schedules for existing air
handling units, fans, pumps, etc., that will require alteration or
rebalancing.
C. VA Standard Details and other special details, if deemed necessary.
D. Flow Diagrams for Air Supply, Return and Exhaust for each HVAC
system.
E. Temperature Control Diagrams and Sequence of Operation for all HVAC
Systems. Sequence of operation shall be written on the drawings
alongside the control diagrams.
F. Flow and Control Diagrams for Chilled Water and Hot Water Systems.
Flow diagrams shall show the entire system on a single drawing.
G. Flow and Control Diagrams for Refrigeration Systems.
H. Flow and Control Diagrams for Steam and Condensate Piping Systems.
I. Riser Diagrams for chilled water, hot-water, drain, steam and
condensate and supply air, return air and exhaust air systems where
applicable. Required flow diagrams may eliminate the need for riser
diagrams.
J. Demolition of existing HVAC work, if applicable. Minor demolition
may be shown on new construction drawings. Extensive demolition
requires drawings for demolition only.
K. Floor Plans 1:96 (1/8" = 1'-0") showing Equipment, Piping and
Ductwork.
L. Floor Plans 1:48 (1/4" = 1'-0") and Sections for Mechanical Rooms.
M. Floor Plans 1:48 (1/4" = 1'-0") of Mechanical Chases at each floor
showing ducts, dampers, piping and plumbing.

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 06-06

N. Sections shall be shown as required to clarify installation,

especially thru areas of possible conflict. Show all the equipment
including plumbing and electrical.
O. Room numbers and names shall be shown on HVAC plans at every review
stage including any schematic submissions. Where there is
insufficient room on HVAC floor plans to show room names, rooms
numbers only may be shown on the floor plan with the room numbers and
names tabulated on the drawing.
7.3 EQUIPMENT SCHEDULES
A. Equipment Schedules shall be listed in the following order,
vertically, from left to right, to facilitate checking and future
reference. Trade names or manufacturers model numbers shall not be
shown.
1. Air Conditioning Design Data (Outdoor design and indoor design
conditions for the various occupancies)
2. Air Flow Control Valves
3. Air Flow Measuring Devices
4. Air Handling Equipment
5. Air Separators
6. Chillers, Condensing Units, Air Cooled Condensers
7. Convertors
8. Cooling Towers
9. Engineering Control Center (ECC)
10. Expansion Tanks
11. Fans
12. Fan-coil Units, AIR Terminal Units (Boxes)
13. Filters for closed loop Water Systems (chilled water and hot
water)
14. Finned Tube Radiation
15. Fume and Canopy Hoods
16. Heat Recovery Equipment
17. Humidifiers
18. Prefilter, afterfilter (may be combined with prefilters)
19. Preheat Coils, Cooling Coils, Reheat Coils
20. Pressure Reducing Valves, Safety Valves
21. Pumps
22. Radiant Panels
23. Room By Room Air Balance
24. Sound Attenuators
25. Supply, Return and Exhaust Air Diffusers and Registers

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 06-06

26. Unit Heaters

27. Vibration Isolators
28. Water Flow Measuring Devices
29. Other Schedules as Required
B. Equipment performance and capacity data shall correspond to that
shown in the calculations, not a particular manufacturer's catalog
data, but the data shall be in the range of available manufactured
products.
C. Convertors, coils, pumps and chillers in glycol-water system shall be
identified on the equipment schedule showing the percent glycol by
volume of the circulating fluid for equipment de-rating purposes.
7.4 PIPING DRAWINGS
A. Avoid routing piping through rooms containing electrical or
communication equipment.
B. Branch piping serving each floor shall have shut-off valves at mains
to isolate branch.
C. Show sections or profiles of underground piping to show elevation
with respect to grade, roads and possible conflicting utilities,
including provision for draining and venting.
D. The quantity of rock excavation for HVAC work shall be shown on the
"MH" drawings.
7.5 DUCTWORK DRAWINGS
A. The minimum duct size shall be 203 mm x 152 mm (8" x 6").
B. Complete flow diagrams of the supply air, return air and exhaust air
systems shall be shown on the drawings. Flow diagrams shall show the
m3/min (CFM) required in all mains and major branches (such as
zone/floor) and the size of each main and major branch. Flow
diagrams shall show and identify all air handling units, fans, and
other major components in the air system. These diagrams are to
facilitate checking and air balancing.
C. Manual air volume balancing devices shall be provided in applicable
supply, return and exhaust mains, branch mains and terminal branches.
Ceiling access panels are to be installed, where required, for access
to balancing devices. Location of balancing devices shall be shown
on the contract drawings.
D. Dampers in room diffusers and registers shall be used only for minor
balancing requiring a maximum pressure drop of approximately 25 Pa
(0.10 inch of water gage). Registers and/or diffusers shall not be
located on main ducts or main branches, but on individual branch

34
 06-06

ducts with opposed blade balancing dampers in the branch to reduce

room noise transmission.
E. Air quantities on plans shall be "rounded off" to the nearest
increment of .30 m3/min (10 cfm).
F. Smoke detectors for air conditioning systems are specified in the
Electrical Specifications, but the locations at air handling units
shall be shown on the "MH" drawing control diagrams and floor plans.
Coordinate diffuser location and blow direction with space detector
locations shown on the Electrical Drawings to avoid false smoke
alarms caused by air discharge.
G. Provide fire dampers and smoke dampers in accordance with Section 3,
HVAC SYSTEMS. Provide a schedule for smoke dampers showing sizes,
pressure drops, and compliance with the maximum velocity limit. Show
duct transitions on drawings.
7.6 CALCULATIONS
A. Calculations shall include room by room heat gain and loss; room by
room air balance showing supply, return, exhaust, transfer, and
make-up air quantities; equipment capacities; economic analysis; and
sound and vibration analysis. Calculations and analysis should be
identified, arranged and summarized in proper format. They shall be
indexed in a bound folder with each air handling unit as a zone and
separate chapters for cooling loads, heating loads, exhaust systems,
pumping/piping calculations, fan selections, etc.
B. Heat transfer coefficients, solar radiation, psychrometrics, duct and
pipe sizing, etc., and calculations and analysis shall be in
accordance with the ASHRAE Handbooks and VA Design Manual.
C. Fan and pump motor horsepower, reheat, and duct heat gains shall be
included in cooling load calculations.
D. In addition to internal loads for people and lights include heat gain
from equipment, such as sterilizers, x-ray equipment, washers,
burners, ovens, refrigerators, etc.
E. The use of computer programs and calculations is acceptable and
desirable. Calculations should, however, be keyed to appropriate
room, zone, and unit numbers for each identification.
7.7 REVIEW SUBMITTALS
In addition to calculations and drawings, the submission shall include
copies of the equipment selection engineering data (handwritten
worksheets shall be acceptable), by unit number, including the
following:

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 06-06

A. Air handling unit capacity and sketch of component arrangement with

physical dimensions for louvers, dampers, access provisions, filters,
coils, fans, vibration isolators, etc.
B. Required performance (Pressures, flow rate, horsepower, motor size,
etc.) for all air handling units, fans and pumps for intended modes
of operation. Include fan and pump performance curves.
C. Coil selections for preheat, heating, cooling and energy reclaim.
D. Heat recovery equipment.
E. Refrigeration equipment loading, performance and selection.
F. Cooling tower performance, winterization (heaters) and noise
analysis.
G. Sound attenuation for fans, ductwork and terminals.
H. Steam PRVs, by-passes and safety valves.
I. Typical catalog cuts of major equipment.
7.8 EQUIPMENT LOCATION AND INSTALLATION
A. GENERAL: Equipment shall be located to be accessible for
installation, operation and repair. Mechanical spaces shall be of
suitable size to permit inspection and access for maintenance, and to
provide space for future equipment when required. The effect that
equipment noise or vibration might have on areas adjacent to, above,
and below equipment shall be considered. Location of equipment
remote from sound sensitive areas should be emphasized. Design shall
comply with specified room sound ratings.
B. HVAC EQUIPMENT: Air handling units and similar equipment shall be
housed in a mechanical equipment room or in a mechanical penthouse
building. Penthouse type of fully weatherized roof top units
constructed in standard sections of modules would be acceptable in
lieu of the mechanical equipment rooms or mechanical penthouses.
These units shall provide excess sections for walk through servicing,
maintenance, and shall ensure that the piping connections and
electrical conduits are fully enclosed within the units. The
designer shall ensure close coordination with the architecture and
structural disciplines for issues, such as, aesthetics, operating
weight, shaft locations, etc., while selecting the roof top units.
C. COORDINATION: Coordinate and make provisions for all necessary
stairs, cat walks, platforms, steps over roof mounted piping and
ducts, etc., that will be required for access, operation and
maintenance. Access to roofs by portable ladder is not acceptable.
D. COOLING TOWERS: Select and locate cooling towers to avoid problems
with esthetics, noise, vibrations, air recirculations or drift.

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 06-06

Include a noise analysis of the proposed cooling tower relative to

adjacent occupancies and consider alternative cooling tower
selections if necessary to meet noise level of 60 dba at 15 m (50
feet) which may be lowered for critical locations. Consider
provisions for security and maintenance lights and receptacles.
Provide a permanent service platform and ladders for access to
cooling tower basin access doors.
E. LOUVERS: The outside air intake and exhaust air louvers shall be
located to avoid health hazards, nuisance odors, and reduction in
capacity due to possibility of reentry of air from cooling towers,
air cooled condensers, etc. The bottom of the intake louvers shall
be located as high as possible but not less than one meter (three
feet) above ground level. Maximum louver velocity shall not exceed
38 m/s (75O feet per minute) through the free area of 35 percent.
For drainable louvers, maximum velocity of 510 m/s (1,000 feet per
minute) and 45 percent free area is acceptable.
F. MISCELLANEOUS: At medical centers where cottonwood trees, or similar
types, are likely to interfere with operation of air intakes for air
handling units, cooling towers, or air cooled condensers, provide
easily cleanable screens or roughing filters at the air inlets.
8. SEISMIC REQUIREMENTS (HVAC)
8.1 GENERAL
A. Earthquake-resistive design shall comply with the requirements of
Construction Standards CD-54, Natural Disaster Resistive Design,
latest edition of VA Handbook H-08-8, Earthquake Resistant Design
Requirements for VA Hospital Facilities, and the Uniform Building
Code *UBC) published by International Conference of Building
Officials (ICBO).
B. Earthquake-resistive design for HVAC systems shall be provided where
peak horizontal ground acceleration, Amax is 0.10g or greater. The
Amax values for VA sites are listed in VA Handbook H-08-8. These
values must be verified with VA for a specific project before
proceeding with the design.
C. HVAC equipment, certain ductwork, and piping shall be braced in
accordance with the most current edition of Seismic Restraint Manual
Guidelines for Mechanical Systems (SMACNA) and National Uniform
Seismic Installation Guidelines (NUSIG).
D. Unless otherwise shown by SMACNA or NUSIG, provide required details
and structural calculations to completely address seismic bracing
requirements. See paragraph 8.4 "CALCULATIONS".

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E. SMACNA does not cover all conditions such as, providing bracing
details for seismic restraints of equipment or details of flexible
joints when crossing seismic or expansion joints, or bracing of in-
line equipment, etc.
F. Coordinate earthquake-resistive design with the project Professional
Structural Engineer for appropriateness and soundness.
G. Both, SMACNA and NUSIG list conditions under which seismic bracing
may be omitted. However, a design professional may revoke these
omissions on an individual project basis.
8.2 CONFORMANCE WITH SMACNA
A. Requires a design professional to develop a Seismic Hazard Level
(SHL) for specific project for use of its manual. The SHL is derived
from a combination of factors such as applicable building codes,
seismic zones, and importance factors into a single system for
determining appropriate bracings or restraints. A building with an
SHL of "A" requires the strongest restraints, whereas, a building
with SHL of "C" requires the least restraints. The design
professional is responsible for specifying the SHL of "C" requires
the least restraints. The design professional is responsible for
specifying the SHL, not the contractor.
B. Bracing in SHL "A" is designed to resist 48% of the weight of the
ducts or pipes. Bracing in SHL "B" is designed to resist 30%, and in
the bracing in SHL "C" is designed to resist 15% of the weight of the
ducts or pipes. In addition to the horizontal seismic force, a
vertical seismic force equal to one-third of the horizontal force is
included in the analysis.
C. Current building codes require most structures and their components
to be designed for a horizontal seismic force that is a given percent
of the supported weight. Each code has its own method for
determining the percent. The formulas are in the form:
Fp - Cs x Wp
Where Wp is the weight of the ducts or pipes, Fp is the seismic
force, and Cs is a seismic coefficient which represents a combination
of factors that varies with the building code. Use more severe of
the Local Code and the Uniform Building Code (UBC) to determine
seismic force, Fp.
D. The percent horizontal seismic factor is:
%F = (Fp/Wp x 100
= Cs x 100

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 06-06

If %F is greater than 48, then manual cannot be used, and an

independent analysis and design is required for all bracing
components.
E. Use SHL "A" if $F is between 31-48, use SHL "B" if %F is between 16-
30, and use SHL "C" is %F is 15 or less.
8.3 CONFORMANCE WITH NUSIG
A. NUSIG has developed guidelines as a service to the design
professionals. The guidelines are not intended as a substitute for
design. The design of seismic bracing remains the responsibility of
the design professional who must review the specific project for its
applicability before using or specifying NUSIG guidelines.
B. NUSIG manuals of designs are pre-calculated from 0.05g through 1.00g
in increments of 0.05g.
8.4 CALCULATIONS
Unless otherwise shown by SMACNA or NUSIG, provide detailed structural
calculations for VA's review on design of hangers, supports, anchor
bolts, and connections. Show sizes, spacing, and length for securing
to structural members, and length and sizes of welds anchored to steel
members.
8.5 DRAWINGS
A. Where SMACNA or NUSIG details are incomplete or not applicable, show
complete seismic restrain requirements and coordinate with the
specifications. Coordinate mechanical work with architectural and
structural work. Special provisions and details may be required.
B. Ductwork and Piping Plans and Sections: Show the locations of
required restraints with reference to SMACNA, NUSIG, or special
restraint details, whichever is applicable.
C. Equipment Restraints: Show special details where required. Pay
particular attention to suspended equipment.

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9. CERTIFICATION OF BUILDING ENERGY PERFORMANCE

LOCATION :

PROJECT TITLE :

PROJECT NO. :

PROJECT MGR. :

I certify that the energy performance of the above project fully satisfy the
energy efficient requirements of DOE regulations, 10 CFR Part 435, "Energy
Conservation Voluntary Performance Standards for Commercial and Multi-Family
High Rate Residential Buildings; Mandatory for New Federal Buildings."

_____________________________________
NAME & TITLE

Name Address of Architect-Engineer Firm:

Title/Position:

Professional Registration No.:

State Where Registered (use seal):

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10. APPLICABLE CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS AND REFERENCE DOCUMENTS INDEX:

10.1 GENERAL
The HVAC Design Manual is to be used in conjunction with referenced
material listed below. Information in referenced material is not
duplicated in the criteria.
A. Department of Veterans Affairs Program Guides, Handbooks and Design
and Construction Procedures:
1. PG-18-1, Master Construction Specifications
2. PG-18-3, Program Guide
3. PG-18-4, Standard Details, Volume 3, Section II (HVAC)
4. Program Guide 7610, Equipment Guide List
5. PG-18-6, Equipment Reference Manual
6. H-18-8, Seismic Design Requirements
7. PG-18-12, VA Design Guides (Several under development, Use as
available)
8. PG-18-15, Minimum Requirements for A/E Submission of Schematic,
Design Development, and Construction Documents Including Cost
Estimates (Volumes A, B, and C):
Volume A: New and Replacement Hospital Projects
Volume B: Major New Facilities; Major Additions; and Major
Renovations
Volume C: Minor and NRM Projects
9. VA National CAD Standard Application Guide
10. National CAD Standard
B. Design and Construction Procedures:
Codes, Standards and Executive Orders
Drawings
VA Hospital Building System
Piping, Ducts, and Electrical Conduits
Pipe Basements
Noise Transmission Control
Future Vertical Expansion
Energy Efficient and Sustainable Design policy for VA New
Construction
Sustainable Buildings Policy for New and VA Renovation Construction
Physical Security Strategies for New and Renovation VA Construction

C. Construction Standard CD-54, Natural Disasters Resistive Design (Non-

Structural)
D. ASHRAE Handbooks (All Volumes), Latest Editions
E. National Fire Codes - NFPA, Latest Editions

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 06-06

F. OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) Regulation 20

CFR Part 10.
G. Design Alerts
H. A/E Alerts
11. HVAC STANDARD DETAILS INDEX

TITLE DETAIL DATE

ABBREVIATIONS, NOTES AND SYMBOLS 15000-0 - 15000-19 4/94

ABBREVIATIONS 15000-2 - 15000-6 4/94
DESIGNERS NOTES 15000-0 4/94
DRAWING SYMBOLS 15000-8 - 15000-12 4/94
GENERAL NOTES 15000-1 4/94
ABSORPTION CHILLER UNIT,
CONNECTIONS 15705-36 4/94
ACCESS DOOR 15840-9 4/94
ACCESS DOORS AND PANELS 15840-9 - 15840-11 4/94
ACCESS DOOR SWING DETAIL FOR AHU'S 15763-0 4/94
ACCESS PANEL 15840-9 4/94
ACCESS PANEL, HIGH PRESSURE 15840-10 4/94
ACCESS SECTION, ROUND/OVAL DUCT 15840-11 4/94
AIR CONTROL, WATER SYSTEMS, AIR PURGER
AND DIAPHRAM EXPANSION TANK 15705-3 4/94
AIR CONTROL, WATER SYSTEMS, FLOOR
MOUNTED EXPANSION TANK 15705-2 4/94
AIR CONTROL, WATER SYSTEMS PIPING
CONNECTIONS 15705-1 4/94
AIR COOLED WATER CHILLER, PIPING
CONNECTIONS 15705-38 4/94
AIR HANDLING UNIT CONTROL DIAGRAM 15900-11,11A,B,C
AIR HANDLING UNIT DRAIN TRAP 15705-10 4/94
AIR PURGER AND DIAPHRAGM EXPANSION
TANK, AIR CONTROL, WATER SYSTEMS 15705-3 4/94
AIR TERMINAL UNIT CONTROL DIAGRAMS 15900-13 - 15900-16 4/94
AIR TERMINAL UNIT SOUND REQUIREMENTS 15000-24 4/94
AIR VENT AND DRAIN VALVE CONNECTION 15705-11 4/94
ANCHOR, CONDENSER OR CHILLED WATER
PIPE 15705-48 4/94
ANCHOR, HORIZONTAL PIPE 15705-46 4/94

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ANCHOR IN TRENCH 15705-51 4/94

ANCHOR, PIPE RISERS 15705-47 4/94
BARRIER, SMOKE/FIRE PENETRATION 15840-14 4/94
BASES, EQUIPMENT, CONCRETE 15200-0 4/94
BIOLOGICAL AIR FLOW CABINET, H-12 15840-20 4/94
BOOSTER AND DOMESTIC HEATER
CONNECTIONS 15705-20 4/94
BRACING, SEISMIC - SEE "SEISMIC" --
BUCKET TRAP, INVERTED 15705-42 4/94
CABINET EXHAUST, NURSE SERVER 15705-19 4/94
CABINET UNIT HEATER CONTROLS 15900-2 4/94
CAGE WASHER DETAIL 15840-18
CEILING DIFFUSER TAKE-OFFS 15840-7 4/94
CEILING OUTLET, FIRE PROTECTION 15840-12 4/94
CEILING PANEL, RADIANT, PIPING DETAILS 15705-4 4/94
CHILLED OR CONDENSER WATER PIPE ANCHOR 15705-46 4/94
CHILLER, ABSORPTION UNIT, CONNECTIONS 15705-35 4/94
CHILLER AND CONDENSER, CONNECTIONS 15705-34 4/94
CHILLER UNIT, RECIPROCATING, REMOTE
CONDENSER CONNECTIONS 15705-36 4/94
CHILLER, WATER, AIR-COOLED, CONTROLS 15900-0 4/94
CHILLER, WATER, AIR COOLED, PIPING
CONNECTIONS 15705-37 4/94
CLOSED SYSTEM WATER TREATMENT 15705-17 4/94
COIL CONNECTIONS, STEAM 15705-22 4/94
COIL, COOLING AND DRAIN PAN
INSTALLATION 15705-6 4/94
COILS, WATER, TYPICAL CONNECTIONS 15705-5 4/94
CONCRETE EQUIPMENT BASES 15000-0 4/94
CONDENSATE PUMPS 15705-27 4/94
CONDENSATE RETURN AROUND OPENINGS 15705-30 4/94
CONDENSER AND CHILLER CONNECTIONS 15705-35 4/94
CONDENSER OR CHILLED WATER
PIPE ANCHOR 15705-46 4/94
CONDENSER, REMOTE AIR COOLED,
RECIPROCATING CHILLER CONNECTIONS 15705-36 4/94
CONTROL DIAGRAMS, AIR TERMINAL UNITS 15900-13 - 15000-16 4/94
CONTROL NOTES FOR WALK-IN
REFRIGERATOR OR FREEZER 15900-5 - 15900-6 4/94

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 06-06

CONTROLS 15900-0 - 15900-20 4/94

CONTROLS, AIR HANDLING UNIT 15900-11,11A,B,C
CONTROLS, CABINET UNIT HEATER 15900-2 4/94
CONTROLS, DUAL CONVERTOR 15900-3 4/94
CONTROLS, DUCT MOUNTED, PNEUMATIC
SMOKE DAMPER 15900-20 4/94
CONTROLS, ELEVATOR HOISTWAY VENT
DAMPER 15900-18 4/94
CONTROLS, EMERGENCY GENERATOR ROOM 15900-17 4/94
CONTROLS, FAN COIL UNIT 15900-0 4/94
CONTROLS, HEPA FILTER 15900-10 4/94
CONTROLS, LEGEND 15900-12,12A
CONTROLS, WATER HEATER 15900-2 4/94
CONTROLS, ISOLATION ROOM 15900-7,7A 4/94
CONTROLS, NOTES, REFRIGERATOR/
FREEZER SYSTEMS 15900-5 - 15900-6 4/94
CONTROLS, PACKAGED AIR COOLED
WATER CHILLER 15900-0 4/94
CONTROLS, RADIOISOTOPE HOOD, H3 15900-8 4/94
CONTROLS, RADIOISOTOPE HOOD, H3
FILTER/FAN STATUS 15900-9 4/94
CONTROLS, STEAM HUMIDIFIER 15900-4 4/94
CONVECTOR, WALL HUNG 15705-23 4/94
CONVERTOR CONNECTIONS 15705-19 4/94
CONVERTOR, DUAL CONTROLS 15900-3 4/94
COOLING EQUIPMENT 15705-34 - 15705-42 4/94
COOLING TOWER PIPING, MULTICELL 15705-41 4/94
COOLING TOWER PIPING, SINGLE CELL 15705-40 4/94
COOLING TOWER WATER TREATMENT 15705-18 4/94
COOLING TOWERS 15705-39 - 15705-41 4/94
DAMPER CONTROLS, ELEVATOR HOISTWAY VENT 15900-18 4/94
DAMPER, FIRE, INSTALLATION 15840-13 4/94
DAMPER, PNEUMATIC SMOKE CONTROLS 15900-21 4/94
DIAPHRAM EXPANSION TANK AND AIR
PURGER, WATER SYSTEM AIR CONTROLS 15705-3 4/94
DIFFUSER, CEILING TAKE-OFFS 15840-7 4/94
DIRECT EXPANSION (DX) SYSTEMS 15651-0 - 15651-3 4/94
DIRECT EXPANSION - SEE "DX" --
DISCHARGE CONNECTION, SAFETY VALVE 15705-13 4/94

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DISHWASHER EXHAUST, PIPING DETAIL 15840-22 4/94

DOMESTIC AND BOOSTER HEATER
CONNECTION 15705-20 4/94

45
 06-06

DOUBLE SUCTION RISER, REFRIGERANT

PIPING 15651-1 4/94
DRAIN FOR AIR COMPRESSOR AND DRYER 15705-12 4/94
DRAIN PAN AND COOLING COIL
INSTALLATION 15705-6 4/94
DRAIN TRAP, AIR HANDLING UNIT 15705-10 4/94
DRAIN VALVE AND AIR VENT CONNECTION 15705-11 4/94
DRIP PIPING AND STEAM LINE 15705-28 4/94
DUAL CONVERTOR CONTROL 15900-3 4/94
DUCT, FILM PROCESSOR 15840-23 4/94
DUCT, FLAT OVAL, HANGERS AND
REINFORCEMENT 15840-26 4/94
DUCT HANGERS, ROUND 15840-27 4/94
DUCT RISER SUPPORTS 15840-25 4/94
DUCT SUPPORTS 15840-25 - 15840-27 4/94
DUCTWORK 15840-0 - 15840-7 4/94
DUCTWORK ACCESS SECTION, ROUND/OVAL 15840-11 4/94
DUCTWORK, EXHAUST/RETURN BRANCH 15840-6 4/94
DUCTWORK, FAN COIL SUPPLY BRANCH 15840-5 4/94
DUCTWORK, RADIOUS ELBOWS 15840-0 4/94
DUCTWORK, RECTANGULAR ELBOWS 15840-1 4/94
DUCTWORK, SQUARE VANED ELBOWS 15840-1 4/94
DUCTWORK, SUPPLY TAKE-OFFS 15840-3 4/94
DUCTWORK, TRANSFORMATIONS 15840-2 4/94
DX DOUBLE SUCTION RISER REFRIGERANT
PIPING 15651-1 4/94
DX EVAPORATOR AND HEAT EXCHANGER
REFRIGERANT PIPING 15651-3 4/94
DX HIGH EVAPORATOR REFRIGERANT PIPING 15651-0 4/94
DX LOW EVAPORATOR AND HEAT
EXCHANGER REFRIGERANT PIPING 15651-2 4/94
ELBOWS, RADIOUS DUCT 15840-0 4/94
ELBOWS, RECTANGULAR DUCT 15840-1 4/94
ELBOWS, SQUARE VANED DUCT 15840-1 4/94
ELEVATOR HOISTWAY VENT DAMPER CONTROLS 15900-18 4/94
EMERGENCY GENERATOR ROOM CONTROLS 15900-17 4/94
EQUIPMENT BASES, CONCRETE 15200-0 4/94
EQUIPMENT BASES AND SUPPORTS 15200-0 - 15200-1 4/94
EQUIPMENT CONTROLS 15900-0 - 15900-4 4/94

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EVAPORATIVE WATER COOLER PIPING 15705-42 4/94

EVAPORATOR (HIGH) AND HEAT EXCHANGER
REFRIGERANT PIPING 15651-0 4/94
EVAPORATOR (LOW) AND HEAT EXCHANGER
REFRIGERANT PIPING 15651-2 4/94
EXPANDED RETURN MAIN DETAIL 15705-33 4/94
EXPANSION LOOP 15705-14 4/94
EXPANSION TANK, DIAPHRAGM, AIR PURGER
WATER SYSTEMS AIR CONTROL 15705-3 4/94
EXPANSION TANK, FLOOR MOUNTED, WATER
SYSTEMS AIR CONTROL 15705-2 4/94
FAN COIL UNIT CONTROLS 15900-0 4/94
FAN COIL UNIT, HORIZONTAL CABINET,
OUTSIDE AIR 15740-1 4/94
FAN COIL UNIT, HORIZONTAL CABINET,
RETURN GRILLE 15740-0 4/94
FAN COIL UNIT, HORIZONTAL CONCEALED,
OUTSIDE AIR 15740-2 4/94
FAN COIL UNIT SUPPLY BRANCH DUCT 15840-5 4/94
FAN COIL UNITS, FLOOR MOUNTED AND
INDUCTION UNITS 15705-7 4/94
FAN POWERED VAV CONTROL DIAGRAM,
SEQUENCE 15900-16 4/94
FILM PROCESSOR DUCT 15840-23 4/94
FILTER, HEPA CONTROLS 15900-10 4/94
FILTER, HEPA, H3 FUME EXHAUST 15840-21 4/94
FILTER, WATER, TYPICAL CONNECTIONS 15705-16 4/94
FIRE DAMPER INSTALLATION 15705-13 4/94
FIRE PROTECTION 15840-12 - 15840-13 4/94
FIRE PROTECTION CEILING OUTLET 15840-12 4/94
FIRE/SMOKE BARRIER PENETRATION 15840-14 4/94
FLASH TANK 15705-26 4/94
FLEXIBLE CONNECTIONS 15840-24 4/94
FLEXIBLE DUCT CONNECTION FOR AIR
TERMINAL UNITS 15840-4 4/94
FLOAT AND THERMOSTATIC TRAP 15705-28 4/94
FLOW METER, STEAM 15705-34 4/94
FREEZER CONTROLS 15900-5 - 15900-6 4/94
FUME HOOD EXHAUST, H3, HEPA FILTER 15840-21 4/94

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 06-06

GENERATOR ROOM CONTROLS, EMERGENCY 15900-17 4/94

GLASSWARE EXHAUST DETAIL 15840-17
GLYCOL-WATER SYSTEMS, INDIRECT MAKE-
UP PIPING AND CONTROL DIAGRAM 15705-0 4/94
GUN SET, STEAM, WALL MOUNTED 15705-21 4/94
H3 RADIOISOTOPE HOOD, CONSTANT
VOLUME EXHAUST CONTROLS 15900-8 4/94
H3 RADIOISOTOPE HOOD, FILTER/FAN
STATUS CONTROLS STATUS CONTROLS 15900-9 4/94
H12 CABINET, BIOLOGICAL AIR FLOW 15840-20 4/94
HANGER RODS SECURING METHOD 15705-43 4/94
HANGERS, FLAT OVAL DUCT AND
REINFORCEMENT 15840-26 4/94
HANGERS, PIPE 15705-43 4/94
HANGERS, ROUND DUCT 15840-27 4/94
HEAT PUMP, HORIZONTAL WATER COOLED 15770-0 4/94
HEAT PUMPS 15770-0 4/94
HEATER, CABINET UNIT CONTROLS 15900-1 4/94
HEATER, HOT WATER CONTROLS 15900-2 4/94
HEATERS, DOMESTIC AND BOOSTER
CONNECTIONS 15705-20 4/94
HEATERS, HOT WATER, HORIZONTAL UNIT,
TYPICAL CONNECTIONS 15705-8 4/94
HEATERS, HOT WATER, VERTICAL UNIT,
TYPICAL CONNECTIONS 15705-8 4/94
HEATERS, UNIT, HORIZONTAL AND
VERTICAL TYPE, CONNECTIONS 15705-24 4/94
HEPA FILTER CONTROLS 15900-10 4/94
HEPA FILTER, H3 FUME EXHAUST 15840-21 4/94
HIGH PRESSURE ACCESS PANEL 15840-10 4/94
ELEVATOR VENT, AUTOMATIC DAMPER 15900-18 4/94
HOOD AND EXHAUST SYSTEMS 15840-15 - 15840-23 4/94
HOOD, GLASSWARE WASHER 15840-7
HOOD, INTAKE, LOW SILOUETTE EXHAUST 15822-1 4/94
HOOD, RADIOISOTOPE H3 CONTROLS 15900-8 4/94
HOOD, RADIOISOTOPE H3, FILTER/FAN
STATUS CONTROLS 15900-9 4/94
HOOD, TYPE A 15840-15 4/94
HOOD, TYPE B 15840-16 4/94

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HORIZONTAL CABINET FAN COIL UNIT,

OUTSIDE AIR 15740-2 4/94
HORIZONTAL CABINET FAN COIL UNIT,
RETURN GRILLE 15740-1 4/94
HORIZONTAL CONCEALED, FAN COIL UNIT,
OUTSIDE AIR 15740-3 4/94
HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL TYPE UNIT
HEATER CONNECTIONS 15705-24 4/94
HOT WATER UNIT HEATER CONTROLS 15900-2 4/94
HUMIDIFIER, STEAM CONTROLS 15900-4 4/94
HUMIDIFIERS, STEAM, HORIZONTAL
AND MULTIPLE MANIFOLD 15705-25 4/94
INDUCTION UNITS AND FLOOR MOUNTED
FAN COIL UNITS 157705-7 4/94
INTAKE HOODS, LOW SILHOUETTE EXHAUST 15822-1 4/94
ISOLATION ROOM HVAC CONTROLS 15900-7, 7A 4/94
LOW-SILHOUETTE EXHAUST 15822-1 4/94
MAKE-UP, INDIRECT, GLYCOLL-WATER
SYSTEMS PIPING AND CONTROL 15140-6 4/94
MEASURING DEVICE, WATER FLOW,
INSTALLATION 15705-9 4/94
MORTUARY REFRIGERATOR EXHAUST
CONTROL 15900-10 4/94
MULTIPLE MANIFOLD AND HORIZONTAL
STEAM HUMIDIFIERS 15705-25 4/94
NOTES, SYMBOLS & ABBREVIATIONS (SEE ABBREVIATIONS)
NURSE SERVER, CABINET EXHAUST 15840-19 4/94
OPENINGS, CONDENSATE RETURN 15705-29 4/94
PADS, RESILIENT EQUIPMENT
RESTRAINT TYPE DS 15200-12 4/94
PANEL, ACCESS 15840-9 4/94
PANEL, ACCESS, HIGH PRESSURE 15840-10 4/94
PENETRATION, FIRE/SMOKE BARRIER 15840-14 4/94
PIPE ANCHOR, HORIZONTAL 15705-44 4/94
PIPE HANGERS 15705-45 4/94
PIPE PASSING THROUGH PRE-FAB
INSULATED WALL PANELS 15705-49 4/94
PIPE RISERS SUPPORT AND ANCHOR 15705-45 4/94
PIPE SUPPORTING ON ROOF 15705-44 4/94

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 06-06

PIPE SYSTEMS AND CONNECTIONS 15705-0 - 15705-7 4/94

PIPE TRENCH 15705-50 4/94
PIPING CROSSING A SEISMIC JOINT 15200-6 - 15200-11
PIPING DEVICES 15705-9 - 15705-15 4/94
PIPE SUPPORTS 15705-42 - 15705-49 4/94
PITOT TEST CONNECTIONS 15705-39 4/94
PRE-FAB INSULATED WALL, PIPING
PASSING THRU 15705-47 4/94
PRESSURE REDUCING STATION, STEAM,
DOUBLE VALVE 15705-32 4/94
PRESSURE REDUCING STATION, STEAM,
SINGLE VALVE 15705-31 4/94
PUMP, WATER, DOUBLE SUCTION, FLOOR
MOUNTED, FLEXIBLE CONNECTOR 15140-3 4/94
PUMP, WATER, DOUBLE SUCTION, FLOOR
MOUNTED, MECHANICAL COUPLINGS 15140-4 4/94
PUMP, WATER, IN-LINE 15140-0 4/94
PUMP, WATER, SINGLE SUCTION, FLOOR
MOUNTED, FLEXIBLE CONNECTOR 15140-1 4/94
PUMP, WATER, SINGLE SUCTION, FLOOR
MOUNTED, MECHANICAL COUPLINGS 15140-2 4/94
PUMPS 15140-0 - 15140-4
PUMPS, CONDENSATE 15705-27 4/94
RADIANT CEILING PANEL PIPING DETAILS 15705-4 4/94
RADIOISOTOPE HOOD, H3, CONSTANT
VOLUME EXHAUST CONTROLS 15900-8 4/94
RADIOISOTOPE HOOD, H3, FILTER/FAN
STATUS CONTROLS 15900-8 4/94
RECIPROCATING CHILLER UNIT
CONNECTIONS 15705-37 4/94
REDUCING STATION, STEAM PRESSURE,
DOUBLE VALVE 15705-31 4/94
REDUCING STATION, STEAM PRESSURE,
SINGLE VALVE 15705-30 4/94
REFRIGERANT PIPING DETAILS AND
DIAGRAMS 15641-0 - 15651-3 4/94
REFRIGERATOR, MORTUARY, EXHAUST CONTROL 15900-10 4/94
REFRIGERATOR WALK-IN CONTROLS, NOTES 15900-5,15900-6 4/94
REMOTE AIR COOLED CONDENSER, CONNECTIONS 15705-36 4/94

50
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RESILIENT PADS, EQUIPMENT RESTRAINT

TYPE DS 15200-12 4/94
RISER, DOUBLE SUCTION 15651-1 4/94
RISER, DUCT SUPPORTS 15840-24 4/94
RISERS, PIPE SUPPORT AND ANCHOR 15705-45 4/94
RODS, HANGER, SECURING METHOD 15705-50 4/94
ROOF, PIPE SUPPORT 15705-44 4/94
ROOF VENTILATOR, POWER TYPE 15822-0 4/94
SAFETY VALVE DISCHARGE CONNECTION 15705-13 4/94
SCHEDULES 15000-20 - 15000-50 4/94
AIR SYSTEMS 15000-2 - 15000-29 4/94
COOLING EQUIPMENT 15000-40 - 15000-46 4/94
ELECTRIC, HVAC 15000-49 4/94
FIRE AND SAFETY 15000-48 4/94
MOTORS 15000-50 4/94
STEAM SYSTEMS 15000-36 - 15000-39 4/94
VIBRATION ISOLATORS 15000-47 4/94
WATER SYSTEMS 15000-31 - 15000-35 4/94
SEISMIC BRACING 15200-4 - 15200-15 4/94
SEISMIC BRACING, LIGHT SUSPENDED
EQUIPMENT 15200-12 4/94
SEISMIC BRACING NOTES 15200-4,15200-5 4/94
SEISMIC BRACING, PIPING 15200-15 4/94
SEISMIC BRACING, RECTANGULAR DUCTS 15200-13 4/94
SEISMIC BRACING, RESILIENT PADS (TYP DS) 15200-12 4/94
SEISMIC BRACING, ROUND/OVAL DUCTS 15200-14 4/94
SEQUENCED FAN POWERED VAV CONTROL
DIAGRAM 15900-16 4/94
SMOKE DAMPER CONTROLS, DUCT
MOUNTED PNEUMATIC 15900-20 4/94
SMOKE AND FIRE CONTROLS 15900-18 - 15900-20 4/94
SOUND ATTENUATING UNITS 15000-29 4/94
SQUARE VANED ELBOWS 15840-1 4/94
STEAM COIL CONNECTIONS 15705-22 4/94
STEAM EQUIPMENT 15705-19 - 15705-27 4/94
STEAM FLOWMETER 15705-33 4/94
STEAM GUN SET, WALL MOUNTED 15705-21 4/94
STEAM HUMIDIFIER CONTROLS 15900-4 4/94

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STEAM HUMIDIFIERS, HORIZONTAL

AND MULTIPLE MANIFOLD 15705-25 4/94
STEAM LINE AND DRIP PIPING 15705-29 4/94
STEAM PIPING 15705-19 - 15705-33 4/94
STEAM PRESSURE REDUCING STATION,
DOUBLE VALVE 15705-32 4/94
STEAM PRESSURE REDUCING STATION,
SINGLE VALVE 15705-31 4/94
SUCTION RISER, DOUBLE, REFRIGERANT
PIPING 15651-1 4/94
STEAM SYSTEMS 15705-19 - 15705-34 4/94
SUPPORTING PIPE ON ROOF 15705-42 4/94
SUPPORTS, UNIT COOLER 15200-2 4/94
SYMBOLS, ABBREVIATIONS & NOTES (SEE ABBREVIATIONS)
TAKE-OFFS, CEILING DIFFUSER 15840-7 4/94
TAKE-OFFS, SUPPLY DUCT 15840-3 4/94
TANK, FLASH 15705-26 4/94
TERMINAL UNIT CONTROL DIAGRAMS, AIR 15900-14 - 15900-16 4/94
THERMOMETER WELLS INSTALLATION 15705-15 4/94
THERMOSTATIC AND/OR INVERTED BUCKET
TRAP SET CONNECTIONS 15705-42 4/94
THR THRUST RESTRAINT 15200-3 4/94
THRUST RESTRAINT, TYPE THR 15200-3 4/94
TRANSFORMATIONS, DUCT 15840-2 4/94
TRAP, DRAIN, AIR HANDLER UNIT 15705-10 4/94
TRAPS, INVERTED BUCKET OR FLOAT
AND THERMOSTATIC 15705-42 4/94
TRENCH, PIPE 15705-50 4/94
UNIT COOLER SUPPORTS 15200-2 4/94
UNIT HEATER CONNECTIONS, HORIZONTAL
AND VERTICAL TYPES 15705-24 4/94
UNIT HEATERS, CABINET, CONTROLS 15900-2 4/94
VANED ELBOWS, SQUARE 15840-1 4/94
VAV TERMINAL UNIT CONTROL DIAGRAMS -
SEE AIR TERMINAL UNIT CONTROL --
VENTILATORS, ROOF, POWER TYPE 15822-0 4/94
VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL UNIT HEATER
CONNECTIONS 15705-24 4/94
VOLUME DAMPER DETAIL 15840-8 4/94

52
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WALK-IN REFRIGERATOR CONTROL NOTES 15900-5,15900-6 4/94

WALL HUNG CONVECTOR 15705-23 4/94
WALL MOUNTED STEAM GUN SET 15705-21 4/94
WATER CHILLERS 15705-34 - 15705-38 4/94
WATER COOLER PIPING, EVAPORATIVE 15705-42 4/94
WATER FLOW MEASURING DEVICE INSTALLATION 15705-9 4/94
WATER SYSTEMS, AIR CONTROL, AIR PURGER
AND DIAPHRAGM 15705-3 4/94
WATER SYSTEMS, AIR CONTROL AND PIPING
CONNECTIONS 15705-1 4/94
WATER SYSTEMS, AIR CONTROL, FLOOR
MOUNTED EXPANSION TANK 15705-2 4/94
WATER TREATMENT 15705-16 - 15705-18 4/94
WATER TREATMENT, CLOSED SYSTEMS 15705-17 4/94
WATER TREATMENT, COOLING TOWER 15705-18 4/94

12. APPLICABLE HVAC MASTER SPECIFICATIONS INDEX

SECTION TITLE

15050 BASIC METHODS AND REQUIREMENTS

15140 PUMPS (HVAC)
15200 NOISE AND VIBRATION CONTROL
15250 INSULATION
15500 FIRE PROTECTION
15650 REFRIGERATION EQUIPMENT (HVAC)
15651 REFRIGERANT PIPING
15704 WATER TREATMENT (HVAC)
15705 HVAC PIPING SYSTEMS
15706 PREINSULATED CHILLED WATER PIPING
15712 COOLING TOWER, PACKAGED
15714 COOLING TOWER, FIELD ASSEMBLED
15740 TERMINAL UNITS
15750 HEATING AND COOLING COILS
15763 AIR HANDLING UNITS
15770 UNITARY AIR CONDITIONING EQUIPMENT
15781 COMPUTER ROOM AIR CONDITIONING UNITS
15819 ENERGY RECOVERY EQUIPMENT
15822 FANS

53
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15835 RADIANT CEILING PANEL SYSTEM

15840 DUCTWORK AND ACCESSORIES
15885 AIR FILTERS
15902 CONTROLS AND INSTRUMENTATION (DDC)
15980 TESTING, ADJUSTING AND BALANCING
------ END ------

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13. SCHEDULE OF ATTACHMENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ATTACHMENT NO. DESCRIPTION

1 SMOKE AND FIRE PROTECTION: See HVAC Design Manual for

Veterinary Medical Unit Projects, Paragraph 3.6A.2a and c.
2 CHILLED WATER SYSTEM: See HVAC Design Manual for Veterinary
Medical Unit Projects, Paragraph 5.2.C.1.
3 SECONDARY DISTRIBUTION INTERFACE: See HVAC Design Manual for
Veterinary Medical Unit Projects, Paragraph 5.2.C.2.
4 TERTIARY DISTRIBUTION: See HVAC Design Manual for Veterinary
Medical Unit Projects, Paragraph 5.2.C.3.
5 SELECTION GUIDE FOR VIBRATION ISOLATORS: See HVAC Design
Manual for Veterinary Medical Unit Projects, Paragraph 2.7.
6 CLIMATIC CONDITIONS: See HVAC Design Manual for Veterinary
Medical Unit Projects, Paragraph 2.1.

55