X-Agriculture

SSL ENGLISH SCHOOL
Affiliated to C.B.S.E Affiliation No. 1130911

Parel, Mumbai 400012
AY : 2024-25
GRADE : X SUBJECT : SOCIAL SCIENCE (GEOGRAPHY) CHAPTER : 04
Objective type Questions.

1. Which one of the following is not true for pulses?
(a) Pulses are grown in both rabi and kharif season
(b) Pulses are leguminous crops
(c) They are grown in rotation with other crops
(d) Pulses require intensive irrigation facilities
Ans. Pulses require intensive irrigation facilities
2. Which of the following are known as horticulture crops?

(a) Tea and coffee
(b) Cotton and Jute
(c) Rubber and Tobacco
(d) Fruits and Vegetables
Ans. Fruits and Vegetables
3. Which of the following is the primary objective of India’s food security policy?
(a) To ensure availability of food grains to the common people at an affordable price.
(b) To diversify crop production to increase income of the farmers.
(c) To provide insurance against crop failures.
(d) To shift from food grain production to commercial crops.
Ans. To ensure availability of food grains to the common people at an affordable price.
4. In ‘slash and burn’ agriculture, when the soil fertility decreases, the farmers shift and clear a
fresh patch of land for cultivation. (True/False)
Ans. True
5. The second most important cereal crop is wheat. (True/False)

Ans. True
6. Which type of agriculture is famous in North Eastern states like Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram
and Nagaland.
(a) Commercial (b) Intensive (c) Jhumming (d) Commercial Subsistence
Ans. Jhumming
7. Assertion: Crops are grown depending upon the variations in soil, climate and cultivation
practices.
Reason: Crops are also grown according to availability of water.
Ans. Both (A) and (R) are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
8. Kharif crops are harvested in the month of __________.
1
(a) September-October (b) July-August
(c) November-December (d) January-February
Ans. September-October
Very Short Answer Type Questions.

1. What are agro-based industries? Name any two.
Ans. Agro-based industries are based on agriculture raw materials. The examples are cotton
textile and jute.
2. Which fibre is called a golden fibre?
Ans. Jute is called a golden fibre. It is one of the longest and most used natural fibre for various
textile applications.
3. What is the most important characteristic of commercial farming?
Ans. The main characteristic of commercial farming is the use of higher doses of modern
inputs, e.g., high yielding varieties seeds (HYVs), chemical fertilizers and pesticides to increase
productivity.The degree of commercialisation of agriculture varies from one region to another.
4. What type of country is India –Agricultural or industrial? Why? Give one reason.
Ans. India is an agricultural country because two-thirds of its population is engaged in
agricultural activities. Agriculture is a primary activity, which produces most of the food for
people.
5. Why do farming practices vary in different regions? Give three major reasons.
Ans. Three major reasons are:
1. Physical environment, i.e., relief, soil and climate.

2. Technological know-how.
3. Socio-cultural practices.
Short Answer Type Questions.

1. What are the challenges being faced by Indian farmers? What has this resulted in?
Answer:
Challenges faced by Indian farmers:
1. Reduction in public investment by government in the agricultural sector

particularly in areas of irrigation, power, rural roads, market and mechanisation.
2. Subsidy on fertilizers has decreased leading to increase in the cost of production.
3. Reduction in import duties on agricultural products has proved detrimental to
agriculture in the country.
All these factors have led to stiff international competition. Farmers are thus
withdrawing their investment from agriculture causing a downfall in agricultural
employment.
2
2. Discuss three main impacts of globalization on Indian agriculture.
Ans. (i) Indian agriculture products are not able to compete with the developed countries.
(ii) Bad condition of marginal and small farmers
(iii) Caused land degradation due to overuse of chemicals.
3. Why is the production of pulses and oil seeds still lagging behind?
Ans. (i) Though the production of oil seeds and pulses is rising but the population is growing at a
greater pace.
(ii) The production of pulses and oil seals is subject to fluctuation and market speculations.
(iii) They need HYV seeds for high productivity, assured irrigation and chemical fertilizers,
which are costly, and India farmers cannot afford them.
(iv) Their support price is not attractive.
4. What are the differences between intensive agriculture and extensive agriculture/farming.
Ans. Intensive Agriculture: (any 3)
(1) To obtain high yields, large capitals and labourers are applied.
(2) The size of land holding is small, production per hectare is high.
(3) Most of the production is consumed locally.
(4) Manual labour and drought animals are mostly used.
Extensive Agriculture: (any 3)
(1) As compared less capital and labour is applied.
(2) The size of land holding is large and production per hectare is low.
(3) Surplus production is sold in the market.
(4) Mechanized farming is practiced. This type of farming is practiced in sparsely populated
areas.
Answer the following questions in brief.
1. Give the main reasons which have necessitated agricultural reforms.
Answer:
Reforms in agriculture are necessary because of the following reasons:
1. Sustained uses of land without compatible techno-institutional changes have

hindered the pace of agricultural development.
2. Most of the farmers still depend on monsoons because large parts of the country
still do not have irrigation facilities.
3. Farmers still depend on natural fertility in order to carry on their agriculture, i.e.,
they lack material resources, e.g., fertilizers, etc.
4. Ours is an agricultural economy and about 63% of people depend on agriculture
for employment and livelihood, therefore reforms have to be implemented.
5. For raising the agricultural production and productivity levels to produce sufficient
food for the growing population.
6. To overcome environmental, economic and social constraints, agricultural reforms
have to be seriously implemented.
3
2. “Agriculture and industry are complementary to each other.” Justify the statement.
Ans. Agriculture and industry are complementary to each other in the following ways.
• Agro-based industries in India have given a major boost to agriculture by raising its
productivity.
• Industry has contributed to agriculture by using the implements like irrigation pumps,
fertilisers, insecticides, pesticides, plastic and PVC pipes, machines tools, sprinkles and
drip irrigation systems.
• Thus, development and competitiveness, and manufacturing industry has not only assisted
agriculturalists in increasing their productivity, but also made production process very
efficient.
• In the present day world of globalisation, industry needs to be more efficient
and competitive.
• Today we are not only self-sufficient in agriculture but our farmers are able to compete
with other farmers in the world. Today, we are able to produce goods for international
market.
Case Based Questions

Read the passage below and answer the following questions:
Today, Indian agriculture finds itself at a crossroads. To make agriculture successful and
profitable, proper thrust should be given to the improvement of the condition of marginal and
small farmers. The green revolution promised much. But today it’s under controversy. The
keyword today is “gene revolution”, which includes genetic engineering. Organic farming is
[also] much in vogue today because it is practiced without factory-made chemicals such as
fertilizers and pesticides. A few economists think that Indian farmers have a bleak future if they
continue growing food grains on the holdings that grow smaller and smaller as the population
rises. India’s rural population is about 600 million which depends upon 250 million
(approximate) hectares of agricultural land, an average of less than half a hectare per person.
Indian farmers should diversify their cropping pattern from cereals to high-value crops. This will
increase incomes and reduce environmental degradation simultaneously. Because fruits,
medicinal herbs, flowers, vegetables, and bio-diesel crops like jatropha and jojoba need much
less irrigation than rice or sugarcane. India’s diverse climate can be harnessed to grow a wide
range of high-value crops.
1. Give two reasons why the Green Revolution is under controversy.

2. ‘.... holdings that grow smaller and smaller as the population rises.' Evaluate why this is a
concern.
3. Bio-diesel crops like jatropha and jojoba have been referred to as high-value crops. Why?
4. Which country finds itself at a crossraods?
Ans. 1. The Green Revolution is under controversy because:

i. chemical fertilizers ruined the soil fertility
ii. negatively affected biodiversity
iii. adversely affected underground water
Ans. 2. The sentence means that the yield per land holding will not be enough to feed the rising
population hence a shift in agricultural practices is required.
4
Ans 3. Bio-diesel crops like jatropha and jojoba have been referred to as high-value crops
because:
• Bio-diesel crops are of high value as they act as alternatives to fuels from nonrenewable
sources.
• Another reason is that these crops do not require much water or farmers' attention to
grow.
4. India agriculture finds itself at a crossroads.

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SSL ENGLISH SCHOOL

Affiliated to C.B.S.E Affiliation No. 1130911

Objective type Questions.

2. Which of the following are known as horticulture crops?

5. The second most important cereal crop is wheat. (True/False)

8. Kharif crops are harvested in the month of __________.

Very Short Answer Type Questions.

1. Physical environment, i.e., relief, soil and climate.

Short Answer Type Questions.

1. Reduction in public investment by government in the agricultural sector

1. Sustained uses of land without compatible techno-institutional changes have

Case Based Questions

1. Give two reasons why the Green Revolution is under controversy.

Ans. 1. The Green Revolution is under controversy because:

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