ISSN: 2278 – 909X

International Journal of Advanced Research in Electronics and Communication Engineering (IJARECE)

Volume 9, Issue 4, April 2020

FPGA and GSM Technology based Wireless

Monitoring System for Infant Incubators
Neha Joshi

 physiological detection technology, it is possible to monitor the

Abstract— the present research work depicts the designing and infant’s health condition in real-time. Moreover, long-term and
development of wireless monitoring system to detect the various continuous detection is also possible, as it can assist doctors to
parameters of Infant Incubators. The babies born before the put into practice regular monitoring and remote diagnosis on
normal gestation period are considered as preterm/premature
infants with low birth weight, smaller size and undeveloped
time [4]. After birth, it is mandatory that; within a fraction of
physiological system. In such situations the babies are kept under seconds all the organs including internal vital organs of the
24 hours observation in the special care units including infant infant has to function independently which was totally
incubators and radiant warmers. The current research work dependent on mother till birth. Before birth during fetal time, the
focuses on the continuous monitoring of various parameters inside functioning of all the organs are protected and managed by the
infant incubators; which provides the environmental conditions as mother. Internal organs like lungs, heart, digestive system,
per the mother’s womb. The designed system is capable to monitor
the environmental parameters such as temperature, ambient
kidney, liver and other systems should start functioning on their
humidity and light intensity along with skin temperature of the own and adjust with the external environment without any
infant admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Units. The system was complications. Full-term healthy babies are capable enough to
designed around Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) device cross these complications and don’t need any intensive care and
and for remote monitoring Global System for Mobile quickly adapts with the new outer environment. But in case of
Communication (GSM) module was used. The results reflect that pre-term babies and full-term sick babies it becomes very
the various parameters of infant incubators were successfully
transmitted towards receiving end.
difficult to get adjusted with the external environmental
conditions immediately after birth. Hence they have to suffer
Index Terms—Infant Incubator, Radiant Warmer, Field from the problems like sudden heat loss, abnormal breathing
Programmable Gate Array, Global System for mobile and heart rate, infections due to external environmental
communication. conditions and so on. In such cases the preterm and sick babies
are kept under 24 hr observations in special care baby units
I. INTRODUCTION called Neonatal Intensive care Unit (NICU). The NICU’s are
Neonatal Mortality Rate (NMR) is given by the number of equipped with some standard monitoring devices along with
newborn deaths (that is within the first 28 days of life) per baby incubators and radiant warmers as the most widely used
thousand births. The global neonatal deaths today account for facilities. Infant incubator is nothing but the standard
more than 40% of all child deaths before the age of five and is transparent rigid box; within which environmental parameters
estimated to be more than 8 million. More than 95% of these are maintained as per the mother’s womb. These are the careful
deaths occur in developing nations like regions of Africa and controllers where the ambient temperature, humidity, ambient
South Asia. Reports (Global Health, 2010) have shown that light intensity and baby’s core body temperature is maintained
India has about 10 times higher NMR compared to the western at the required equilibrium.
world. NMR in India was 31 as of 2011, a 33% decrease in
NMR since 1990, yet taking into account its rapidly increasing Considering all these facts mentioned above; the current
population, approximately 1 million newborn died in 2010, research work deals with the design and development of
nearly 30% of the global neonatal deaths(WHO, 2012) [1]. continuous wireless monitoring system to detect multiple
Continuous monitoring of health parameters is critical for parameters of infant incubators. The system is capable to
preterm new born babies admitted at the neonatal intensive care monitor ambient temperature, humidity and light intensity
unit (NICU) in hospitals. The critically ill neonates are inside incubator along with the detection of skin temperature of
extremely tiny and susceptible to external disturbances. In the the infant admitted inside incubator.
perspective of ambient intelligence and smart environments,
non-invasive health monitoring with suitable sensors is II. RELATED WORK
promising for the survival of these neonates and the quality of Considering the severity of various factors affecting the
their life later on [2]. Automatic health monitoring and alert health of the preterm and sick neonates; causing the increased
system development is a challenging research area today. The rate of morbidity and mortality; many researchers are working
majority of the currently available monitoring and controlling in this regard. The following section focuses on the related work
medical diagnosis systems and devices are wired which limits done by others.
freeness of working environment [3]. Using the wearable A design of ECG wireless sensor system for neonatal
monitoring at NICU was proposed by Wei Chen et.al, which can
Manuscript received March 29, 2020. be integrated into a non-invasive monitoring platform, such as a
Neha Joshi, Department of Electronics, Willingdon College, Sangli,
(e-mail: [email protected]). Sangli, India, 9552272007. smart neonatal jacket. The system was designed around

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All Rights Reserved © 2020 IJARECE
 ISSN: 2278 – 909X
International Journal of Advanced Research in Electronics and Communication Engineering (IJARECE)
Volume 9, Issue 4, April 2020
MSP430 microcontroller by creating a prototype system using III. BLOCK DIAGRAM
an nRF24L01 wireless module; together with devoted software Fig. 1 depicts the block diagram of wireless monitoring
to exhibit appropriate data transmission, detection and display system; including various sensors, signal conditioning blocks,
[5]. Mauricio Villarroel et.al have developed the system which
processing block and display device and wireless module.
detects heart rate, respiratory rate and variations in oxygen
The system includes temperature sensors to detect the
saturation continuously in the NICU, with an accuracy of
ambient temperature and skin temperature of infant inside
clinical records. This was the first study establishing the
incubator, humidity sensor and light detector. The output of
possibility of incessant non-contact monitoring of
cardiorespiratory vital signs in hospital using a digital video each sensing unit was modified according to the systems
camera and normal ambient light, for several hours, without requirements through signal conditioning blocks. The
affecting patient care. They have successfully monitored fifteen analogue multiplexer was used to select the parameters in
infants continuously during the daytime. The algorithms sequence for conversion and display purpose. The analogue
developed for processing the camera reflectance signals were outputs of sensors were converted into digital equivalents by
capable of identifying clinically important events such as a using the serial Analogue to Digital Convertor PmodAD2,
bradycardia accompanied by major desaturation [6]. Chen Wei, developed by Digilent Inc. and powered by the analogue
Sonntag, Christoph, Boesten, Freek Oetomo, Sidarto Bambang, device AD7991.The ADC generates 12 bit serial output
Feijs Loe proposed a design of wireless power supply working proportional to the analogue voltage. This output of ADC
on the principle of inductive contactless energy transfer which was displayed on the LCD through the LCD driver code
can be used in the NICUs. The proposed power supply meets the written in Very High Speed Integrated Circuit Hardware
requirements of neonatal monitoring and provides continuous Description Language (VHDL) and implemented on Spartan
power when the neonate is inside the incubator or during 3E Fpga device. Further the status of each parameter was
Kangaroo mother care. A sample model was designed and sent towards GSM module through UART soft IP core
implemented to reveal the performance of the power supply and designed with the help of MicroBlaze soft processor present
the possibilities for aesthetic features. Experimental results in Core generator system present in Xilinx ISE design suit.
illustrate that the designed power supply transfers
The necessary Attention commands to drive the GSM
approximately 840 mW of power [7]. The design of a smart
module SIM900A were generated through UART soft IP
jacket for vital sign detection of neonates admitted in NICU was
core. The status of all parameters was transmitted through
proposed by Wei Chen, Sidarto Bambang Oetomo, Loe Feijs,
GSM module towards user’s cell phone in the form of text
Sibrecht Bouwstra, Idowu Ayoola, and Sietse Dols. The
prototype symbolizes a unique combination of sensor message. The soft IP core is generated in Very High Speed
technology, user’s attention and design features. The system Integrated Circuit Hardware Description Language (VHDL)
includes the textile sensors, a reflectance pulse oximeter and a using Core Generator System.
wearable temperature sensor embedded into the smart jacket.
Position of the sensor, materials and appearance were designed The MicroBlaze embedded processor soft core is a
to meet the accuracy in the functionality, patient comfort and the reduced instruction set computer (RISC) designed for
possibilities for aesthetic features [8]. Benny P.L. Lo, Surapa implementation in Xilinx Field Programmable Gate Arrays.
Thiemjarus, Rachel King and Guang-Zhong Yang have Xilinx's Embedded Development Kit (EDK) is the advanced
presented a Body Sensor Network (BSN) prototype for the real package for building MicroBlaze embedded processor
time health monitoring which incorporates the multi-sensor data systems in Xilinx FPGAs [10]. This soft processor core is
fusion with low power, flexible and compact design, providing available in Core generator system. Xilinx CORE Generator
an adaptable environment for wireless sensing. The BSN node System speed ups the design time by providing access to
was built around Texas Instrument (TI) MSP430 16-bit ultra highly parameterized Intellectual Properties (IP) for Xilinx
low power RISC processor consisting of on-chip w 60KB+256B FPGAs and is incorporated in the Integrated Software
Flash memory, 2KB RAM, 12-bit ADC with 6 analogue Environment (ISE) Design Suite. CORE Generator offers a
channels (providing connections for 6 sensors). For wireless directory of structural design specific, domain-specific
communication, the Chipcon CC2420 RF module was used
(embedded, connectivity and DSP), and market specific IP
which has a throughput of 250kbps with a range over 50m.
(Automotive, Consumer, Mil/Aero, Communications,
Along with this, 512KB serial flash memory was incorporated
Broadcast etc.). These user-customizable IP functions range
in the BSN node for data storage or buffering [9].
in complexity from commonly used functions, such as
From the review taken from many research work contributed memories and FIFOs, to system-level building blocks, such
by the other researchers, the present research work focuses on as filters and transforms. Using these IP blocks we can save
the development of wireless monitoring system to detect the days to months of design time [11]. The design flow for
Incubator parameters. The main feature of the designed MicroBlaze embedded soft processor core is targeted for
prototype was the simple designing and low cost which targets Spartan 3E FPGA board (Nexys2); developed by Digilent
the hospitals situated in rural areas in developing countries. The Inc. The reference manual of this board is given in [12].
system is capable to transmit the status of all parameters to the
long distance in form of text message sent towards the user’s
cell phone.

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All Rights Reserved © 2020 IJARECE
 ISSN: 2278 – 909X
International Journal of Advanced Research in Electronics and Communication Engineering (IJARECE)
Volume 9, Issue 4, April 2020

Fig 1: Block Diagram of the Wireless Monitoring System

The Xilinx Embedded Development Kit (EDK) is a set of

tools and Intellectual Properties (IP) that facilitates to design a
absolute embedded processor system for implementation in a
Xilinx FPGA device. EDK is designed to support in all phases
of the embedded design process. It provides the tools named as
Xilinx Platform Studio (XPS) and Xilinx Software development
Kit (SDK). XPS is used to design the hardware part of the
Fig 2: Circuit Schematic of analogue front end of the system
embedded system and SDK is an integrated development
environment, complementary to XPS, which is used for C/C++
V. MICROBLAZE UART SOF IP CORE
embedded software application conception and verification IMPLEMENTATION USING CORE GENERATOR
[13]. SYSTEM AND SDK TOOL

IV. ANALOG FRONT END DESIGN FOR THE WIRELESS The following section gives the necessary steps to create
MONITORING SYSTEM FOR INFANT INCUBATORS MicroBlaze soft processor core based UART IP core for
Fig. 2 depicts the circuit design of analogue front end of the sending text message through GSM modem. The Core generator
system. In this the LM35 temperature sensor was used to detect system consists of many IP cores from which the MicroBlaze
the ambient temperature and Skin temperature of the infant MCS core under the ‘Embedded processing’ tab of Architecture
admitted in NICU. The SYHS230 humidity sensor was used to Wizard was selected. The input clock frequency for the
detect the relative humidity inside incubator, and LDR; placed MicroBlaze processor was set to 50MHz. The memory size for
the processor can be selected as per requirement. In this case it
in a voltage divider circuit was deployed for the light intensity
was set to 16KB. The General purpose input (GPI) port and the
monitoring. The output of each sensor was amplified with the
General Purpose output (GPO) port of the processor were set to
operational amplifier IC LM358 which consists of two
8-bit. The Transmitter and Receiver were enabled and the baud
independent high gain operational amplifiers working on single rate was set to 9600 present under the UART tab of the core.
supply voltage starting from low voltage of 3V to maximum of The figure 3 shows the MicroBlaze processor core, which was
32V. The data sheet of this IC was given in [14]. Further the generated after clicking the ‘Generate’ tab. The generated core
output of each amplifier stage was given to the individual input was shown as .xco file in the hierarchy pane of the main ISE
channels of analogue multiplexer CD405 [15]. The status of project. A new top level entity with connections to the clock
select lines of multiplexer was varied through the FPGA device and peripherals on the Nexys2 board was created in Very High
Spartan 3E. Speed Integrated Circuit Hardware Description Language
The output of multiplexer was connected to the input of serial (VHDL) as per the user guide given in [17].
ADC PmodAD2. The IC7991 converts the signal into 12 bit
digital equivalent. The AD7991 device works on I2C
communication protocol.

For that, a soft IP module provided in [16] was implemented

in the Xilinx FPGA Saprtan3E. The converted data was
displayed on LCD at local level by implementing the LCD
driver code written in VHDL. At the same time the text message
including the status of all parameters is transmitted towards
user’s cell phone through the UART soft IP core generated
using MicroBlaze soft embedded processor. The UART Fig 3: MicroBlaze MCS Processor Configured as UART
transmits the necessary AT commands to drive the GSM The source code for the top level module was developed as
module SIM900A including the text message. For this the shown below
necessary C code was implemented using SDK tool provided by
Xilinx ISE design suit. entity Multiparameter_LCD_UART is
generic(N: positive := 8);

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 ISSN: 2278 – 909X
International Journal of Advanced Research in Electronics and Communication Engineering (IJARECE)
Volume 9, Issue 4, April 2020
port ( ----MUX Select Inputs---- AD2_SDA : inout STD_LOGIC;
sel: inout std_logic_vector(1 downto 0); DCH0 : out STD_LOGIC_VECTOR
(15 downto 0));
----------Pmod pins---------
RESET : in STD_LOGIC; end component;
SYS_CLK : in STD_LOGIC;
AD2_SCL : inout STD_LOGIC; component nicucode
AD2_SDA : inout STD_LOGIC; PORT (
------microblaze_uart pins---- Clk : IN STD_LOGIC;
Clk : IN STD_LOGIC; Reset : IN STD_LOGIC;
UART_Rx : IN STD_LOGIC; UART_Rx : IN STD_LOGIC;
UART_Tx : OUT STD_LOGIC; UART_Tx : OUT STD_LOGIC;
GPO1 : OUT STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(7 DOWNTO 0); GPO1 : OUT STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(7 DOWNTO 0);
GPI1 : IN STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(7 DOWNTO 0); GPI1 : IN STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(7 DOWNTO 0)
);
end component;
------------- LCD Data Pins----------
LCD_DATA : inout STD_LOGIC_VECTOR (7 downto COMPONENT microblaze_mcs
0); PORT (
Clk : IN STD_LOGIC;
--Control Pins Reset : IN STD_LOGIC;
LCD_ENABLE : out STD_LOGIC; UART_Rx : IN STD_LOGIC;
LCD_RS : out STD_LOGIC; UART_Tx : OUT STD_LOGIC;
LCD_RW : out STD_LOGIC; GPO1 : OUT STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(7 DOWNTO 0);
data_read: in STD_LOGIC_VECTOR (7 downto 0); GPI1 : IN STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(7 DOWNTO 0);
);
LED1 : out STD_LOGIC; END COMPONENT;
LED2 : out STD_LOGIC;
component parameter_integration
binary_in: in std_logic_vector(N-1 downto 0); port (
bcd0, bcd1, bcd2 : out std_logic_vector(3 downto 0); sel: inout std_logic_vector(1 downto 0);
LCD_DATA : inout STD_LOGIC_VECTOR (7 downto
bcds_out_reg_vector2,bcds_out_reg_vector1,bcds_out_reg_vector 0);
0:
inout std_logic_vector(7 downto --Control Pins
0); LCD_ENABLE : out STD_LOGIC;
ascii2,ascii1,ascii0: inout std_logic_vector(7 downto 0)); LCD_RS : out STD_LOGIC;
LCD_RW : out STD_LOGIC;
end Multiparameter_LCD_UART;
LED1 : out STD_LOGIC;
architecture Behavioral of Multiparameter_LCD_UART is LED2 : out STD_LOGIC;

type state_type is ( S0, S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, S8, S9, S10, --Clock & Reset
S11,S12,S13,S14,S15,S16,S17,S18,S19,S20,S21,S22,S23,S24,S2 CLK : in STD_LOGIC;
5,S26,S27,S28,S29,S30,S31,IDLE); RESET : IN STD_LOGIC;
signal current_state: state_type;
signal a : std_logic := '0'; binary_in: in std_logic_vector(N-1 downto 0);
signal b : std_logic := '0'; bcd0, bcd1, bcd2 : out std_logic_vector(3 downto 0);
bcds_out_reg_vector2,bcds_out_reg_vector1,bcds_out_reg_vec
type states is (start, shift, done); tor0: inout std_logic_vector(7 downto 0);
signal state, state_next: states; ascii2,ascii1,ascii0: inout std_logic_vector(7 downto 0));
signal binary, binary_next: std_logic_vector(N-1 downto 0); end component;
signal bcds, bcds_reg, bcds_next: std_logic_vector(11 downto
0); begin
signal bcds_out_reg, bcds_out_reg_next: std_logic_vector(11 masterControler1: masterControler
downto 0); port map ( RESET => RESET,
SYS_CLK => SYS_CLK,
signal shift_counter, shift_counter_next: natural range 0 to N; AD2_SCL=> AD2_SCL,
signal DCH0_view: STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(15 downto 0); AD2_SDA => AD2_SDA,
DCH0 => DCH0_view );
component masterControler is
Port ( RESET : in STD_LOGIC; nicucode1: nicucode
SYS_CLK : in STD_LOGIC; port map ( Clk => SYS_CLK,
AD2_SCL : inout STD_LOGIC; Reset => RESET,

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All Rights Reserved © 2020 IJARECE
 ISSN: 2278 – 909X
International Journal of Advanced Research in Electronics and Communication Engineering (IJARECE)
Volume 9, Issue 4, April 2020
UART_Rx => UART_Rx, NET "GPO1<6>" LOC = "F4";#LED6
GPI1 => DCH0_view(11 downto 4)); NET "GPO1<7>" LOC = "R4";#LED7
NET "LCD_DATA<0>" LOC = "M13";#JB1
mcs_0:microblaze_mcs NET "LCD_DATA<1>" LOC = "R18";#JB2
PORT MAP ( Clk => SYS_CLK, NET "LCD_DATA<2>" LOC = "R15";#JB3
Reset => RESET, NET "LCD_DATA<3>" LOC = "T17";#JB4
UART_Rx => UART_Rx, NET "LCD_DATA<4>" LOC = "P17";#JB7
UART_Tx => UART_Tx,
NET "LCD_DATA<5>" LOC = "R16";#JB8
GPO1 => GPO1,
NET "LCD_DATA<6>" LOC = "T18";#JB9
GPI1 => DCH0_view(11 downto 4) );
NET "LCD_DATA<7>" LOC = "U18";#JB10
parameter_integration1: parameter_integration
port map( sel => sel, Table I shows the summary of synthesis report. Figure 5
LCD_DATA =>LCD_DATA, depicts the working model of the system, where as figure 6
LCD_ENABLE =>LCD_ENABLE, shows the necessary AT commands generated to drive the GSM
LCD_RS =>LCD_RS, module and the status of each parameter transmitted towards the
LCD_RW =>LCD_RW, GSM module.
--Clock & Reset
CLK =>SYS_CLK, Table I: Summary of Device Utilization Report
RESET =>RESET,
binary_in => DCH0_view(11 downto 4));

end Behavioral;

VI. SYNTHESIS RESULTS AND FPGA REALIZATION OF

THE SOFT IP CORE
Figure 4 shows the register transfer logic (RTL) view of the
top level entity “Multiparameter_LCD_UART”. It gives the
Xilinx ISE Design flow along with the hierarchy level of the
Soft IP Cores and the user constraint file (.ucf) created to
interconnect necessary FPGA I/O lines with the top level entity.
The user constraint format (ucf) file was developed to
interconnect the I/O pads of Xilinx Spartan3E FPGA device;
embedded on the Digilent Nexys2 board. The reference manual
of this board is given in [12] and the same was referred to
interconnect clock signal provided from the board to FPGA
device. The different hardware resources available on the
Nexys2 board were connected to the FPGA I/O pads using this
constraint format file as shown below.
Fig 4: RTL Synthesis View of the Top Level Entity
# UCF FOR SPARTEN3E DEVICE: XC3S500E-4FG320

NET "SYS_CLK" LOC = "B8" ;

NET "RESET" LOC = "B18" ;
NET "AD2_SCL" LOC = "L17" ;#JA3
NET "AD2_SDA" LOC = "M15" ;#JA4
NET "UART_Rx" LOC = "U6" ;
NET "UART_Tx" LOC = "P9" ;
NET "sel<0>" LOC= "L15"; #"D18";#BTN11
NET "sel<1>" LOC= "K12"; #"E18";#BTN2
#NET "sel<2>" LOC="H13";#BTN3
NET "LCD_RS" LOC ="G15"; #JC1 Fig 5: Working model of the Wireless monitoring system for
NET "LCD_RW" LOC ="J16"; #JC2 Infant Incubator (Displaying the status of light intensity, relative
NET "LCD_ENABLE" LOC="G13"; #JC3 humidity, skin temperature and ambient temperature)
NET "GPO1<0>" LOC = "J14";#LED0
NET "GPO1<1>" LOC = "J15";#LED1
NET "GPO1<2>" LOC = "K15";#LED2
NET "GPO1<3>" LOC = "K14";#LED3
NET "GPO1<4>" LOC = "E17";#LED4
NET "GPO1<5>" LOC = "P15";#LED5

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All Rights Reserved © 2020 IJARECE
 ISSN: 2278 – 909X
International Journal of Advanced Research in Electronics and Communication Engineering (IJARECE)
Volume 9, Issue 4, April 2020
library.theiet.org/docserver/fulltext/htl/1/3/HTL.2014.0077.pdf?expires=15199
84368&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=5A37F6DECF90C9EF8CB481DD
C6339DE6

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Ayoola, and Sietse Dols, “Design of an Integrated Sensor
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http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/cd4051b-q1.pdf
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Willingdon College, Sangli, Maharashtra, India. She has completed her Ph.D. in
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[6] Mauricio Villarroel, Alessandro Guazzi, João Jorge, Sara Davis, Peter
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