Polytechnic University of the Philippines

COLLEGE OF COMPUTER AND INFORMATION

SCIENCES

Lesson 2: The Internet

The Internet or “net” (network of network) is the largest computer network in the world that connects
billions of computer user. The word internet comes from combination between “interconnection” and
“network”. Network is a collection of computers and devices connected via communication channels
and transmission media allow to share resources (hardware, software, data, information). Generally,
nobody owns the internet.

A. Brief History of Internet

ARPA – Advanced Research Project Agency January 2, 1969 – started an experimental
computer network. Concept – No server, but equal importance/participation to every computer in the
network. Even if, one or two node destroyed that will now affect the network. In 1982 the word internet
started. 1986 – First “ free net” created in Case Western Reserve University 1991: US government
allowed business agencies to connect to internet. Now all people can connect to the internet and
improve their life and work quality. The internet support various aspects in our life. Vinton Gray Cerf
ForMemRS is an American Internet pioneer and is recognized as one of "the fathers of the Internet",
sharing this title with TCP/IP co-developer Bob Kahn.

B. Major Components of the Internet

1. Servers – is a computer program that provides service to another computer program

and it’s user.

Types of Servers

Application Server – a program in computer that provides the business

logic for an application program.
Web Server – a computer program that serves requested HTML pages or
files.
Proxy Server – is a software that acts as an intermediary between an
endpoint device, such as computer and another server
from which a user is requesting.
Mail Server – is an application that receives incoming e-mail from local
users and remote senders and forward outgoing e-mail for
delivery
File Server – is a computer responsible for central storage and
management of data files so that other computer on the same
network can access them.
Policy Server – is a security component of a policy – based network that
provides authorization services and facilities tracking and
control of files.

2. IP Address (Internet Protocol) – is a numerical label assigned to each device. This

provides identity to a network device.
3. Browser – is an application program that provides a way to look information on

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 Polytechnic University of the Philippines
COLLEGE OF COMPUTER AND INFORMATION
SCIENCES
the web.

Example of browsers: Google chrome, safari, internet explorer, opera,

Mozilla

4. Domain Name System (DNS) – is the phonebook of internet. We access information

online through domain names.

Example of DNS: www.facebook.com, www.pup.edu.ph,www.academia.edu

Name Entity
.com commercial
.org organization
.net network
.edu education
.gov National and State Government Agencies
.ph Philippines
.au Australia

5. Internet Service Provide (ISP) – is an organization that provides services for accessing,
using or participating in the internet.
Two types of ISP:

National ISP – provided internet access to a specific geographic

area.
Regional ISP – business that provides internet access in cities and
towns nationwide.

Example of ISP: Sky Broadband, PLDT, Converge

C. Uses of Internet
• Look for information
• School works, jobs, and home purposes
• Send and receive electronic mail
• Video teleconferencing (video call, video chat)
• Buy and sell product
• Social networking
• Watch & post videos
• Games
• Take college courses
• Monitor home while away
• Financial transactions
• Download music and movies

D. Internet Terms and Definition

• Internet - A global network of thousands of computer networks linked by data lines and
wireless systems.
• Web – a collection of billions of webpages that you can view with a web browser

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Polytechnic University of the Philippines
COLLEGE OF COMPUTER AND INFORMATION
SCIENCES
• Email – the most common method of sending and receiving messages online
• Social media – websites and apps that allow people to share comments, photos, and videos
• Online gaming – games that allow people to play with and against each other over the
Internet
• Software updates – operating system and application updates can
typically downloaded from the Internet
• HTML - Hypertext Markup Language is a coding language used to tell a browser how to place
pictures, text, multimedia and links to create a web page. When a user clicks on a link within
a web page, that link, which is coded with HTML, links the user to a specific linked web page.
• URL - Uniform Resource Locator is a web address used to connect to a remote resource on
the world wide web.
• Bit - is a single digit in the binary numbering system (base 2). For example: 1 is a bit or 0 is
a bit.
• Byte - generally consists of eight bits.
• Upload - To upload is to transfer data from your computer to another computer.
• Download - To download is to transfer data from another computer to your computer.
• HTTP - is the acronym for Hypertext Transfer Protocol, the data communication standard of
web pages. When a web page has this prefix, the links, text, and pictures should work
correctly in a web browser.
• HTTPS - is the acronym for Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure. This indicates that the web
page has a special layer of encryption added to hide your personal information and
passwords from others.
• Router or router-modem combination is the hardware device that acts as the traffic cop for
network signals arriving at your home or business from your ISP. A router can be wired or
wireless or both.
• Encryption - is the mathematical scrambling of data so that it is hidden from
eavesdroppers. Encryption uses complex math formulas to turn private data into
meaningless gobbledygook that only trusted readers can unscramble.
• Web Bot - A term that applies to programs/applets (macros and intelligent agents) used on
the Internet. Such bots perform a repetitive function, such as posting messages to multiple
newsgroups or doing searches for information.
• Search Engine - specialized software, such as Google and Yahoo, that lets www browser
users search for information on the web by using keywords, phrases.

Online Resources / Videos

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J8hzJxb0rpc
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x3c1ih2NJEg
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dxcc6ycZ73M
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5o8CwafCxnU

References
• Abraham, R., Jas, F., Russell, W. (2005) The Web Empowerment Book: An Introduction
and Connection Guide to the Internet and the World-Wide Web. Springer-Verlag New York
• Evolution of the web retrieved from https://www.slideshare.net/sububasistha/web-10-to-web-
30-evolution-of-the-web-and-its-various-challenges
• Types of websites retrieved from https://www.hostgator.com/blog/popular-types-websites-
create/
• Subhash Basishtha Web 1.0 to Web 3.0 – Evolution of the Web and its Various Challenges.
Retrieved from https://slideshare.net/sububasistha/web-10-to-web-30-evolution-of-the-web-

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