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Network Fundamentals Lecture No 2 N+

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18 views29 pages

Network Fundamentals Lecture No 2 N+

Uploaded by

Samim Aryan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Network Topology

Lecture No 2
Asst. Prof. Abdul Shakoor Azimy
Institute of Top Target Technology
Outline
• What is Topology?
• Type of Network Topology
• Point to Point
• Bus Topology
• Ring Topology
• Star Topology
• Mesh Topology
• Tree Topology
• Hybrid Topology
• How to select a Network Topology?
What is Topology?
• Network topologies describe the methods in which all the
elements of a network are mapped.
• The topology term refers to both the physical and logical layout
of a network.
1. Physical topology:
This type of network is an actual layout of the computer cables and other
network devices
2. Logical topology:
The logical topology specifies the flow of information and communication
in the network
Types of Network Topologies
Point to Point
• Point-to-point topology is the
easiest of all the network
topologies.
• In this method, the network
consists of a direct link between
two computers.
Advantages:
• This is faster and highly reliable than other types of connections since there is a direct
connection.
• No need for a network operating system
• Does not need an expensive server as individual workstations are used to access the files
• No need for any dedicated network technicians because each user sets their permissions

Disadvantages:
• The biggest drawback is that it only be used for small areas where computers are in close
proximity.
• You can't back up files and folders centrally
• There is no security besides the permissions. Users often do not require to log onto their
workstations.
Bus Topology
• Bus topology uses a single cable which connects all the
included nodes.
• The main cable acts as a spine for the entire network.
• One of the computers in the network acts as the computer
server.
• When it has two endpoints, it is known as a linear bus topology
In Bus Topology
• In this topology, all computers connect through a single continuous
coaxial cable.
• This cable is known as the backbone cable.
• Both ends of the backbone cable are terminated through
the terminators.
• To connect a computer to the backbone cable, a drop cable is used.
• To connect the drop cable to the computer and backbone cable,
the BNC plug and BNC T connector are used respectively.
• The following image shows the bus topology
Work Process of Bus Topology
• When a computer transmits data in this topology, all computers
see that data over the wire, but only that computer accepts the
data to which it is addressed. It is just like an announcement
that is heard by all but answered only by the person to whom
the announcement is made.
For example, if in the above network, PC-A sends data to the PC-C then all
computers of the network receive this data but only the PC-C accepts it.
The following image shows this process. If PC-C replies, only the PC-A accepts the
return data. The following image shows this process.
Ring Topology
• In this topology, all computers connect in a circle.
• Each computer directly connects to two other computers in the
network.
• Data moves down a one-way path from one computer to
another.
• When data signals pass from one computer to the next, each
computer regenerates the signals.
• Since the signals are regenerated on each passing computer,
the quality of the signals remains constant throughout the ring.
Star Topology
• In this topology, all computers connect to a centralized
networking device.
• Usually, a networking switch or a Hub (in earlier days) is used
as the centralized device.
• Each computer in the network uses its own separate twisted
pair cable to connect to the switch.
• Twisted pair cable uses RJ-45 connectors on both ends
Mesh Topology
• In this topology, multiple paths exist between end devices.
• Based on paths, a mesh topology can be divided into two
types; fully meshed and partially meshed.
If a direct path exists from each end device to every other end devices in the network, it’s a
fully meshed topology

If multiple paths exist between the end devices in the network, it’s a partially meshed
topology
Outline
To know how many connections require to make a network fully
meshed, we can use the following formula

𝑅𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 = 𝑛 ∗ (𝑛 − 1)/2

Here, n is the number of end devices or locations.


For example, to make a fully meshed network of 4 end devices, we need 4*(4-1)/2 = 6
connections.
Point-to-multipoint topology:
• In this topology, an end device connects directly to multiple end
devices in the network.
• Just like mesh topology, this topology is also used in the WAN
network to connect multiple remote sites/locations/offices with a
central site/location/office.
• The following image shows an example of the point-to-
multipoint topology.
Hybrid Topology
• Hybrid topology is a combination of more than two topologies.
• In computer networking, a network structure that contains more
than two topologies is known as hybrid topology.
• It inherits the advantages and disadvantages of included
topologies
• The hybrid network topology includes a mix of bus topology, mesh
topology, ring topology and star topology.
• The combination of topologies depends on the need of a company
• For example, if there is a Mesh topology in one office
department while a Ring topology in another
department, connecting these two with bus topology will
result in Hybrid topology.

• Combination of Star-Ring and Star-Bus networks are


the most common examples of the hybrid network
topology
Types of Hybrid Network Topologies
1. Star-Ring Network Topology
2. Star-Bus Network Topology
1. Star-Ring topology
• In a Star-Ring topology, a set of star topologies are connected
with a ring topology as the adjoining topology. Joining each star
topology to the ring topology is a wired connection
2. Star-Bus Network Topology
• A Star-Bus topology is the combination of star network
topology and bus network topology, in Star-Bus network a set of
star topologies are interconnected by a central bus network.
• Joining each star topology to the bus topology results the Star-
Bus topology
How to select a Network Topology?
• Bus topology is surely least expensive to install a network.
• If you want to use a shorter cable or you planning to expand the
network is future, then star topology is the best choice for you.
• If you want to use twisted pair cable for networking, then you
should build star topologies
Summary
Topology What is it?

P2P The network consists of a direct link between two


computers
Bus Uses a single cable which connects all the included nodes
Ring Every device has exactly two neighboring devices for
communication purpose
Star All the computers connect with the help of a hub.

Mesh The mesh topology has a unique network design in which


each computer on the network connects to every other.
Hybrid Topology Hybrid topology combines two or more topologies
Question?

Network Topology

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