C.W.W.

KANNANGARA MAHA VIDYALAYA

SCIENCE -GRADE 11

LESSON 15. BIOSPHERE

1. What is environmental equilibrium/ Ecological balance?

2. State the organizational levels in the biosphere using a flow chart.

3. Write down one example for each of the following.

 Individual

 Population

 Community

 Ecosystem

 Biosphere

4. What are the three components of biosphere? Explain them briefly.

5. Define population density.

a) Mention the four factors that affect the population density..

6. Define what a growth curve of a population is?

i. Draw the typical population growth curve.

ii. Explain four main phases in the typical population growth curve.

7. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………

8. Although the growth curve of a natural population is “S” shaped, it takes

“ J” shape for human population. Explain this statement.

9. What are the reasons for this special shape of this graph?

10. Define what a food web is.

11. Write down two food chains from the given food web (text book figure

15.7, page 172)

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 12. Name the producer, primary consumer, secondary consumer, tertiary

consumer in the given food chain. (Figure 15.8 page 173)

13. Which tropic level in the food chain may be include both carnivorous and

omnivorous?

14. All organisms can be divided into three groups on the basis of their mode

of nutrition.

Ecological pyramids

15. Ecological pyramids can be built up using number of organisms, Biomass.

and energy relationships in different trophic levels of an ecosystem.

Name three types of ecological pyramids and explain them briefly.

16. Draw an upright number pyramid and an inverted number pyramid (p-175)

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 17. (a) What type of pyramids are drawn by considering the dryness of

organisms?

(b) Most of the time the Biomass pyramids are upright, But in some

environments these pyramids are inverted. What are these environments?

18. Which type of ecological pyramids are expressed as kilo joules per

square metres per year? Explain it briefly.

19. The following flowchart explain the flow of energy through a food chain.

(a) Calculate the amount of energy transformed from the producer to the first

consumer and Express it as a percentage

(b) Why most of the food chains are with less than five trophic levels?

20. What do you called the loss of energy during transmission of energy

from one trophic Level to next?

21. Define biogeochemical cycle and give examples.

22. Give examples for the following instances from carbon cycle

a) Methods of adding carbon dioxide to the atmosphere

b) Methods of removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere

c) Methods of getting carbon to the soil and animals

d) Making of fossil fuel and Making of carbonate rocks

23. Draw the carbon cycle by using the above information.

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24. Give examples for the following instances from Nitrogen cycle.

a) Name three methods of fixation of atmospheric nitrogen.

b) Explain the process of above three main Nitrogen fixation

methods.

c) How the nitrogen fixed in the soil enters the plant bodies?

d) How nitrogen enters back to the soil from animals and plant

bodies?

e) What is the common name of the bacteria which convert nitrates

back to atmospheric nitrogen?

f) Name two such bacteria.

g) Draw the nitrogen cycle by using the above information.

25. What are the three types of environmental pollution?

26. List some wastes which affect the environmental pollution.

27. The artificially is synthesized Chemicals for agricultural practices are

called agrochemicals.

What is explained as Lethal dose LD50?

28. Explain what you mean by Industrial waste.

29. Explain what do you mean by hydrocarbons and write down how they

entered the environment.

30. What do you call greenhouse effect explain briefly.

31. The gases which affect the greenhouse effect are known as greenhouse

gases. Give some examples for greenhouse gases and How they enter to

the atmosphere

32. Define heavy metals and give examples for them. Explain how those

heavy metals enter the environment.

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33. Particulate waste materials are entering into the environment by

different ways.

List some solid particulate waste matter and liquid particulate waste

matter in a table.

34. Mention some gases which causes acid rains.

35. From the above gases how Sulphur Dioxide enter the atmosphere?

36. Apart from occurring acid rains , mention two other harms from Sulphur

Dioxide gas

37. Define what you mean by electronic waste.

38. What are the materials released as electronic waste?

39. What are the two main elements used as nuclear fuels?

40. Explain briefly how nuclear waste are discarded.

41. Give some Chemicals that are added to the food items and explain how

they harmful for the human.(like diseases)

42. List out direct effects of environmental pollution and indirect effects of

environmental pollution in the table.

43. Increase in the global warming is a direct effect of environmental

pollution. Mention some ill effects of increasing of global warming.

44. Mention the ill effects or the bad effects of ozone layer depletion.

45. Explain what photochemical smog is.

46. What are the adverse effects of photochemical smog?

47. What is called bio magnification?

48. Write down the features of bio accumulated substances.

49. Explain briefly what is meant by eutrophication.

50. What are the ill effects of eutrophication?

51. What are the factors that affects the change of lifestyle of human?

52. List some non-communicable diseases/ contagious diseases and

disabilities occurred due to the changes in life cycles of human.

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53. Explain briefly what you mean by chronic kidney failure.

54. Mention the causes for renal failure.

55. What are the symptoms of renal failure?

56. What are the specialties of the chronic kidney disease?

57. What are the factors that may affect the chronic kidney disease?

58. What are the measures that can be taken to avoid chronic kidney

disease?

59. List some sustainable agricultural uses and explain them briefly.

60. What is called carbon footprint?

61. What is called water footprint?

62. Explain briefly what you mean by food mile.

63. What are the advantages of a short food mile?

64. Explain the technique named as 4R in waste handling/management.

65. What are the reasons for energy crisis?

66. Briefly explain the importance of utilizing natural energy in

Architecture by sitting few examples.

67. List the different conventions legislations and acts in functions at

International and national level for the management and sustainable

use of the environment.

68. What are the Sri Lankan government institutions which carry out acts

regarding the environmental management?