Q1.

This question is about Group 7 chemistry.

(c) A yellow precipitate is formed when silver nitrate solution, acidified

with dilute nitric acid, is added to an aqueous solution containing
iodide ions.

(i) Write the simplest ionic equation for the formation of the
yellow precipitate.

_________________________________________________
(1)

(ii) State what is observed when concentrated ammonia solution

is added to this yellow precipitate.

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________
(1)

(iii) State why the silver nitrate solution is acidified when testing
for iodide ions.

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________
(1)

(iv) Explain why dilute hydrochloric acid is not used to acidify the
silver nitrate solution in this test for iodide ions.

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________
(1)

Q2.
For each of the following reactions, select from the list below, the formula
of a sodium halide that would react as described.

1
 NaF NaCl NaBr NaI

Each formula may be selected once, more than once or not at all.

(a) This sodium halide is a white solid that reacts with concentrated
sulfuric acid to give a brown gas.

Formula of sodium halide

______________________________________________
(1)

(b) When a solution of this sodium halide is mixed with silver nitrate
solution, no precipitate is formed.

Formula of sodium halide

______________________________________________
(1)

(d) A colourless aqueous solution of this sodium halide reacts with

orange bromine water to give a dark brown solution.

Formula of sodium halide

______________________________________________
(1)

Q3.
Medicines for the treatment of nervous disorders often contain calcium
bromide.
Silver nitrate, acidified with dilute nitric acid, can be used together
with another reagent to test for the presence of bromide ions in a
solution of a medicine.

Describe briefly how you would carry out this test and state what
you would observe.

_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

___________________________________________________(3)

Q4.

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 This question is about the chemical properties of chlorine, sodium
chloride and sodium bromide.

(b) A colourless solution contains a mixture of sodium chloride and

sodium bromide.

Using aqueous silver nitrate and any other reagents of your choice,
develop a procedure to prepare a pure sample of silver bromide
from this mixture.
Explain each step in the procedure and illustrate your explanations
with equations, where appropriate.

_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________
(6)

Q5.
Concentrated sulfuric acid reacts with solid potassium iodide as shown in
the equation.

8KI + 9H2SO4 4l2 + 8KHSO4 + H2S + 4H2O

Give two observations that you would make when this reaction occurs.

In terms of electrons, state what happens to the iodide ions in this

reaction.

State the change in oxidation state of sulfur that occurs during this
formation of H2S and deduce the half-equation for the conversion of
H2SO4 into H2S

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

3
 __________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________
(Total 5 marks)

Q6.
Reactions that involve oxidation and reduction are used in a number of
important industrial processes.

(c) Concentrated sulfuric acid is reduced when it reacts with solid

potassium bromide.
Concentrated sulfuric acid is not reduced when it reacts with solid
potassium chloride.

(i) Write the two half-equations for the following redox reaction.

2H+ + 2Br– + H2SO4 Br2 + SO2 + 2H2O

Half-equation 1

_________________________________________________

Half-equation 2

_________________________________________________
(2)

(ii) Write an equation for the reaction of solid potassium chloride

with concentrated sulfuric acid.

_________________________________________________
(1)

(iii) Explain why chloride ions are weaker reducing agents than
bromide ions.

4
 _________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________
(2)

Q7(c) When concentrated sulfuric acid is added to potassium iodide,

solid sulfur and a black solid are formed.

(i) Identify the black solid.

_________________________________________________
(1)

(ii) Deduce the half-equation for the formation of sulfur from

concentrated sulfuric acid.

_________________________________________________
(1)

(d) When iodide ions react with concentrated sulfuric acid in a different
redox reaction, the oxidation state of sulfur changes from +6 to -2.
The reduction product of this reaction is a poisonous gas that has
an unpleasant smell.
Identify this gas.

_____________________________________________________
(1)

(e) A yellow precipitate is formed when silver nitrate solution, acidified

with dilute nitric acid, is added to an aqueous solution containing
iodide ions.

(ii) Write the simplest ionic equation for the formation of the
yellow precipitate.

5
 _________________________________________________
(1)

(ii) State what is observed when concentrated ammonia solution

is added to this precipitate.

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________
(1)

Q8.
This question is about sodium bromide.

(a) A student carried out some test-tube reactions starting with sodium
bromide solution. The student recorded these observations.

Identify reagent 1 and reagent 2.

Reagent 1
_____________________________________________________

Reagent 2
_____________________________________________________
(2)

(b) A student added a few drops of concentrated sulfuric acid to solid

sodium bromide.

Give two observations that the student would make.

Write an ionic equation for the redox reaction.

Observations
_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

Ionic equation

_____________________________________________________
(4)

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 (c) Bromine reacts with cold aqueous sodium hydroxide in a similar
way to the reaction of chlorine with cold aqueous sodium hydroxide.

Write an equation for the reaction of bromine with cold aqueous

sodium hydroxide.
Give the oxidation states of bromine in each of the bromine-
containing
products.___________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________
(3)

(Total 9 marks)

Q9.
A student carried out some test-tube reactions on some potassium
halides.

The student’s description of the experiments is shown. It contains some

mistakes.

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(a) Identify the mistake in the method in Experiment 1.

Give a reason for your answer.

Mistake
_____________________________________________________

Reason
_____________________________________________________
(2)

(b) Identify the mistake in the observations in Experiment 2.

Write an equation for the reaction.

Mistake
_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

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 Equation

_____________________________________________________
(2)

(c) The method and observations for Experiment 3 were correct.

Write an equation for the reaction.

___________________________________________________(1)

(d) In a fourth experiment, a few drops of silver nitrate solution were

added to some potassium fluoride solution.

State what the student would observe in this experiment.

_____________________________________________________
(1)
(Total 6 marks)

Q9.
(a) When chlorine gas dissolves in cold water, a pale green solution is
formed. In this solution, the following equilibrium is established.

Cl2(g) + H2O(l) H+(aq) + Cl–(aq) + HClO(aq)

Give the formula of the species responsible for the pale green
colour in the solution of chlorine in water.

Use Le Chatelier’s principle to explain why the green colour

disappears when sodium hydroxide solution is added to this
solution.

_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

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 _____________________________________________________
(3)

(b) Consider the following reaction in which iodide ions behave as

reducing agents.

Cl2(aq) + 2I–(aq) → I2(aq) + 2Cl–(aq)

In terms of electrons, state the meaning of the term reducing agent.

Deduce the half-equation for the conversion of chlorine into chloride

ions.

_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________
(4)

Q10.
Reactions that involve oxidation and reduction are used in a number of
important industrial processes.

(b) Chlorine is used in water treatment. When chlorine is added to cold

water it reacts to form the acids HCl and HClO
The following equilibrium is established.

Cl2(aq) + H2O(I) H+(aq) + Cl–(aq) + HClO(aq)

(i) Give the oxidation state of chlorine in Cl2 and in HClO

Cl2
_________________________________________________

HClO
_________________________________________________
(2)

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 (ii) Deduce what happens to this equilibrium as the HClO reacts
with bacteria in the water supply. Explain your answer.

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________
(2)

Test tube reactions to identify the ions

Q27
A student investigated the chemistry of the halogens and the halide ions.

(a) In the first two tests, the student made the following observations.

Test Observation

1. Add chlorine water to aqueous The colourless solution turned a

potassium iodide solution. brown colour.

2. Add silver nitrate solution to aqueous The colourless solution produced a

potassium chloride solution. white precipitate.

(i) Identify the species responsible for the brown colour in Test 1.

Write the simplest ionic equation for the reaction that has
taken place in Test 1.

State the type of reaction that has taken place in Test 1.

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________
(3)

(ii) Name the species responsible for the white precipitate in Test
2.

11
 Write the simplest ionic equation for the reaction that has
taken place in Test 2.

State what would be observed when an excess of dilute

ammonia solution is added to the white precipitate obtained in
Test 2.

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________
(3)

(b) In two further tests, the student made the following observations.

Test Observation

The white solid produced misty

3. Add concentrated sulfuric acid to
white fumes which turned
solid potassium chloride.
blue litmus paper to red.

The white solid turned black. A gas

4. Add concentrated sulfuric acid to
was released that smelled of rotten
solid potassium iodide.
eggs. A yellow solid was formed.

(i) Write the simplest ionic equation for the reaction that has
taken place in Test 3.

Identify the species responsible for the misty white fumes

produced in Test 3.

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________
(2)

(ii) The student had read in a textbook that the equation for one
of the reactions in Test 4 is as follows.

12
 8H + 8I– + H2SO4 4I2 + H2 + 4H2
+
S O

Write the two half-equations for this reaction.

State the role of the sulfuric acid and identify the yellow solid
that is also observed in Test 4.

________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________
(4)

(iii) The student knew that bromine can be used for killing
microorganisms in swimming pool water.
The following equilibrium is established when bromine is
added to cold water.

Br2(I) + H2O(I) HBrO(aq) + H+(aq) + Br–(aq)

Use Le Chatelier’s principle to explain why this equilibrium

moves to the right when sodium hydroxide solution is added
to a solution containing dissolved bromine.

Deduce why bromine can be used for killing microorganisms

in swimming pool water, even though bromine is toxic.

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________
(3)
(Total 15 marks)

Q28.
A student was asked to distinguish between solid samples of sodium
halides A, B and C.

13
The student added a few drops of concentrated sulfuric acid to separate
samples of A, B and C in a fume cupboard.

The table below shows the observations recorded.

Sodium halide Observations

yellow solid and misty

A
fumes

brown fumes and misty

B
fumes

C misty fumes

(a) Identify the sodium halide in each of A, B and C.

A
_____________________________________________________

B
_____________________________________________________

C
_____________________________________________________
(3)

(b) Write an equation to show the formation of the misty fumes from C.

You should use the formula NaX to represent C in your equation.

_____________________________________________________
(1)

(c) A different student said that when concentrated sulfuric acid was
added to one of the sodium halides, a gas with the smell of bad
eggs would be produced.

Identify the sodium halide that forms a gas with a bad egg smell.

_____________________________________________________
(1)

(d) When concentrated sulfuric acid is added to solid sodium bromide,

a gas with a choking smell is formed.

14
 Write an equation for this reaction.

_____________________________________________________
(1)

(e) Identify the halide ion in A, B or C that is the most powerful

reducing agent.

_____________________________________________________
(1)
(Total 7 marks)

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