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16 views2 pages

Physics

Uploaded by

santosjohnkirby04
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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John Kirby E.

Santos

BSCE 1B

Lecture Activity No. 6

Traveling Waves:

Traveling waves are disturbances that propagate through a medium or space,


transferring energy without transferring matter. They can be categorized into two main
types: mechanical waves, which require a medium to travel through (e.g., sound waves,
water waves), and electromagnetic waves, which can travel through a vacuum (e.g., light
waves, radio waves).

There are two types of waves, transverse waves is the oscillations of the medium
are perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation (examples is electromagnetic
waves like light) , and longitudinal waves is the oscillations of the medium are parallel to
the direction of wave propagation (examples is sound waves.) When two or more waves
meet, they can interfere with each other. Depending on whether the waves are in phase
(constructive interference) or out of phase (destructive interference), the resulting wave
can have different amplitude. Also Waves exhibit interesting behaviors such as reflection,
refraction, diffraction, and dispersion, which are all consequences of interactions between
waves and boundaries or changes in the medium.

Understanding traveling waves is essential for explaining phenomena across


different scales, from the microscopic realm of particles to the macroscopic scale of
astronomical bodies. Additionally, the study of waves provides insights into the
fundamental principles governing the behavior of the universe.

Electric Current

Electric current is the flow of electric charge through a conductor. It's typically
represented by the symbol 'I' and measured in amperes (A). Current can be either direct
(DC), where charge flows in one direction, or alternating (AC), where charge periodically
reverses direction. One important property of current is its relationship with voltage and
resistance, described by Ohm's law (V = IR), where V is voltage, I is current, and R is
resistance.

Electric current can be generated through various means. In electrical circuits, it's
commonly produced by batteries, generators, or power supplies. Electric current
produces several effects, including heating, magnetic, and chemical effects. Heating
effects are utilized in devices like electric stoves and heaters, where current flowing
through a resistor generates heat. Magnetic effects are the basis for electromagnets,
motors, and transformers, where current generates magnetic fields. Chemical effects are
seen in electrochemical cells and electrolysis, where current causes chemical reactions.

Overall, electric current is a fundamental concept that underpins much of modern


technology and infrastructure. Its study and application in physics and engineering have
led to numerous advancements and innovations that shape our daily lives.

Magnetism

Magnetism arises from the movement of electric charges. When charged particles,
such as electrons, move, they generate a magnetic field. This is fundamental to
electromagnetism, one of the four fundamental forces of nature, which also includes
gravity, the weak force, and strong force.

Magnetic fields are the regions around a magnet or a moving electric charge where
magnetic forces are exerted. These fields have both magnitude and direction and are
typically represented by magnetic field lines. The strength of a magnetic field is measured
in units of teslas (T). Materials can be classified based on their response to magnetic fields.
Ferromagnetic materials, such as iron, nickel, and cobalt, are strongly attracted to
magnets and can be magnetized. Magnets have two poles, north and south, which exert
attractive forces on each other when brought near and repel when like poles are brought
together. Magnetic field lines flow from the north pole to the south pole externally and
from the south pole to the north pole internally. Magnetism and electricity are closely
related through electromagnetism. When an electric current flows through a wire, it
generates a magnetic field around the wire. This principle is utilized in electromagnets,
which are temporary magnets produced by passing an electric current through a coil of
wire wrapped around a ferromagnetic core. Electromagnets find applications in various
devices, including electric motors, generators, MRI machines, and magnetic levitation
systems.

In conclusion, magnetism is a fundamental aspect of physics with diverse


applications and profound implications for both scientific research and technological
innovation. Understanding magnetic phenomena is essential for advancing various fields
of science and engineering.

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