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Lesson 1 EAPP

Lesson 1 EAPP

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400 views4 pages

Lesson 1 EAPP

Lesson 1 EAPP

Uploaded by

Ronnel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Lesso

n
Language Used in Academic
Text
1

EXPECTATIONS
This is your self-instructional learner module in EAPP 12. All the activities

provided in this lesson will help you learn and understand: Language Used in Academic Text.

Specifically, you will learn about the following:

1. familiarize with the language used in academic text;


2. analyze the two texts from different disciplines; and
3. write a text applying all the languages used in academic text.

LESSONS

Academic text or language is commonly used for textbooks, essays, research paper, book
report, academic journal, in classroom and any other discipline related to academic.

Today, let us talk about academic text and analyze the language used in academic texts from
various disciplines. Academic text is a formal genre of writing, and one is expected to use strict
style, registers, and formats. Also, it presents words and terms typical for the field in a formal way
where it is known for its formality, objectivity, caution, and explicitness.

1. Formality reflects the dignified stance in writing as a member of the academic community
where the language use requires precision.

To attain formality of the academic text one should avoid:


a. Colloquial words and expressions: “stuff”, “a lot of”, “thing”, “sort of”
b. Abbreviated forms and contractions: “can’t”, “doesn’t”, “shouldn’t”, ‘cause
c. Two word verbs: “put off”, “bring up”

2. Objectivity refers to the main emphasis should be on the information that one wants to give
and the arguments one wants to make, rather than oneself. Readers would like to know what
someone has studied and learned. The thoughts and beliefs should be based on lectures, reading,
discussion and research.

a. Avoid the use of personal pronouns like you, I and we.


Don’t write: We use active voice to make our blog entry sound subjective.
Write: The active voice makes blog sound subjective.
b. Use “it” constructions” such as; It has been suggested that, it was found that, it appears that,
it is widely accepted that and many more.
Don’t write: I also found that the results of this study concurred with Berg’s (1975) hypothesis that
seeds are protected from fire through their burial in ants’ nests.
Write: It was also found that the results of this study concurred with Berg’s (1975) hypothesis that
seeds are protected from fire through their burial in ants’ nests.

c. Use passive voice- The passive voice should be used when the ‘doer’ of the action in the
sentence is unknown or irrelevant to the discussion. Passive sentence construction emphasizes
events and processes the sentence describing.
Active: We cut a segment of the apple and place it in agar solution.
Passive: A segment of the apple was cut and placed in agar solution.

3. Explicitness uses appropriate signposting strategies which allow readers to trace the
relationship of various parts in the study.

Signaling words:
▪ Time/order: at first, eventually, finally, first, firstly, in the end, in the first place, in the second
place, lastly, later, next, second, secondly, to begin with
▪ Comparison/similar ideas: in comparison, in the same way, similarly
▪ Contrast/opposite ideas: but, despite, in spite of, even so, however, in contrast, in spite of this,
nevertheless, on the contrary, on the other hand, still, whereas, yet
▪ Cause and effect: accordingly, as a consequence, as a result, because, because of this,
consequently, for this reason, hence, in consequence, in order to, owing to this, since, so, so that,
therefore, thus
▪ Examples: for example, for instance, such as, thus, as follows
▪ Generalization: as a rule, for the most part, generally, in general, normally, on the whole, in most
cases, usually
▪ Summary/conclusion: finally, in brief, in conclusion, in short, overall, so, then, to conclude, to sum
up
▪ Explanation/equivalence: in other words, namely, or rather, that is to say, this means, to be more
precise, to put it another way
▪ Addition: apart from this, as well as, besides, furthermore, in addition, moreover, nor, not
only...but also, too, what is more
▪ Emphasis: chiefly, especially, in detail, in particular, mainly, notably, particularly

4. Caution is needed to avoid sweeping generalizations because an academic writing requires


care since knowledge is built from proven theories and concepts.

“The result seems to suggest that in less industrialized countries the extensive use of land to grow
exportation products tends to impoverish these countries’ populations even more”.

▪ Introductory verbs: seem, tend, look like, appear to be, think, believe, doubt, be sure, indicate,
suggest

▪ Certain lexical verbs: believe, assume, suggest

▪ Certain modal verbs: will, must, would, may, might, could

▪ Adverbs of frequency: often, sometimes, usually


▪ Modal adverbs: certainly, definitely, clearly, probably, possibly, perhaps, conceivably,

▪ Modal adjectives: certain, definite, clear, probable, possible

▪ Modal nouns: assumption, possibility, probability

▪ That clauses: It could be the case that, It might be suggested that, there is every hope that.

▪ To-clause + adjective: It may be possible to obtain, it is important to develop, it is useful to study.

ACTIVITIES

A. Identify what language is used in each of the following sentences. On the space before the
number, write F if the answer is formality, O for objectivity, E for explicitness and C for caution.

_____1. Jake omitted many important details.

_____2. It has been suggested that there are several reasons why plants are dispersed by ants.

_____3. Weismen seems to suggest that the animals become old because, if they did not, there
could be no successive replacement of individuals and hence no evolution.

_____4. It is widely accepted that having faith with God will make things possible.

_____5. Bowling is a sport in which the player with the highest score wins. Conversely, the goal in
golf is to get the lowest score.

_____6. Writing cannot be done if someone does not study hard.

_____7. The boy liked dogs, but he was afraid of cats.

_____8. There are certainly cases where this would seem to have been the only possible method
of the transmission.

_____9. The offcuts are transported to the waste station.

_____10. Zac didn't have enough money to buy his mom flowers because he wasn't old enough to
get a job. Nevertheless, he felt sad on Mother's Day.

B. Write 450-600 words paragraphs considering formality, objectivity, explicitness and caution
about what you have discovered or realized in your life.

RUBRIC 10 7 4 1
Language Applied all Three of the Two of the One of the
used the languages languages languages
languages necessary in necessary in necessary in
necessary in academic academic academic
academic writing were writing were writing was
writing used used used

Grammar, No errors in Few errors in A number of So many


usage and spelling, errors in errors in
mechanics punctuation spelling, spelling, spelling,
and grammar punctuation punctuation punctuation
and grammar and grammar and grammar

Length 450 words Under the Under the Under the


minimum minimum or minimum or minimum or
over the over the over the
600 words maximum by maximum by maximum by
maximum 15 words 25 words more than 50
words

PREPARED BY:

RONNEL M. LAGRIMAS
Subject Teacher

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