SRN

3rd Semester B.Tech (AIML/CSIT/ISE) Semester End Examination June 2024

Course Title: Analog and Digital Electronics
Course Code: B20CI0301 - 85141
Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 100
Note:
1. Answer ONE FULL question from each unit.
2. Verify and ensure that question paper is completely printed before answering the question paper.
3. Any queries/discrepancies regarding the question paper, must be brought to the notice of the invigilator
4. Students must check the course title and course code before answering the question paper
UNIT – I Marks
1. a) With the aid of relevant circuit and waveform Explain the working of any one positive and 8
one negative Series clipper
b) Explain with the aid of relevant circuit and waveform the working of the Wein bridge 9
oscillator
c) With the aid of relevant circuit and waveform Explain the working of positive and 8
negative clampers
OR
2. a) Explain principle of oscillators with a neat block diagram 8
b) Explain with the aid of relevant circuit and waveform the working of the RC-Phase shift 9
oscillator
c) With the aid of relevant circuit and waveform Explain the working of 8
(i) positive and (ii) negative parallel clippers
UNIT – II
3. a) Explain the first-order low-pass filter with the necessary diagram and frequency response. 8
b) Briefly describe the following opamp parameters, 8
(i) Bandwidth
(ii) Slew rate
(iii) Open loop gain
(iv) CMRR
c) Explain peak detector circuit with suitable circuit diagram and waveforms. 9
OR
4. a) How does a practical opamp differ from an ideal opamp? Use Thevenin’s equivalent 8
circuit model to compare an ideal opamp with a practical opamp.
b) Explain Absolute value circuit with suitable circuit diagram and waveforms. 9
c) Explain instrumentation amplifier circuit with suitable circuit diagram. Give an expression 8
for its output Voltage.
UNIT – III
5. a) Simplify the following Boolean function, f(X,Y,Z)=∏M(0,1,2,4) using K-map. 8
b) Explain the concept of Minterm and Maxterm with suitable examples. 8
c) Using K-maps, find the minimal Boolean expression for SOP representations and write the 9

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 truth table for the same.
F(A, B, C, D) = Σm(0, 1, 2, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 15)
OR
6. a) Using K-maps, find the minimal Boolean expression for SOP representations and write the 9
truth table for the same.
f(w,x,y,z) = ∑ (1,3,4,6,9,11,14,15)
b) Simplify the following Boolean function, f(X, Y, Z) = ∏M (3,4,5,7) using K-map. 8
c) Write a Boolean expression for the output of the below circuit (figure 1) and simply using 8
Boolean laws.

Figure 1
UNIT – IV
7. a) List the differences between Combinational and Sequential Circuits. 6
b) Realize the truth table, Boolean expression, and logic circuit for Half subtractor & Half 10
Adder and explain the same
c) For the clocked D flip-flop, write the state table, draw the state diagram and the state 9
equation.
OR
8. a) Realize the truth table, Boolean expression, and logic diagram for Full subtractor and 8
explain the same.
b) Explain the 4-bit ring counter with a circuit diagram, truth table, and waveforms 9
c) Explain the 4:1 multiplexer with a circuit diagram, Boolean expression, and truth table. 8

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 SRN

3rd Semester B.Tech (AIML/CSIT/ISE) Semester End Examination June 2024

Course Title: Programming with Java
Course Code: B20CI0302 - 85142
Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 100
Note:
1. Answer ONE FULL question from each unit.
2. Verify and ensure that question paper is completely printed before answering the question paper.
3. Any queries/discrepancies regarding the question paper, must be brought to the notice of the invigilator
4. Students must check the course title and course code before answering the question paper
UNIT – I Marks
1. a) Java is an object-oriented programming language . The target of Java is to write a program 9
once and then run this program on multiple operating systems it is one of the world’s most
important and widely used computer language. List and explain features of JAVA
programming language which made the language so popular.
b) Arrays are used to store multiple values in a single variable. Develop a JAVA program to 8
copy the integer contents of one array to another array.
c) Strings in java are treated as objects which represent sequence of char values, Java 8
String class provides a lot of methods to perform operations. Develop a program to find the
number of characters, digits and white space, and vowels in a given string.
OR
2. a) Just as important as knowledge and experience are the human characteristics that would 10
fully allow individual expertise to be utilized possible. Operators are very important for
programming, list and explain with programming example with any 4 types of operators
b) In Java all arrays are dynamically allocated. Illustrate the concept of jagged arrays with an 7
example program.
c) Looping statements are used to execute a set of statements repeatedly until certain 8
condition is satisfied. List all the looping statements supported by java. Summarize the
syntax of for each loop with an example program.
UNIT – II
3. a) Develop a JAVA program to implement Package Company with Employee class with 9
properties name, empid, salary and department. Declare department as a static variable.
Initialize the values for properties using constructor and display the employee details of 5
employees (use the concept of array of objects to create objects of employee).
b) XYZ Bank is planning to automate the banking process in which the it defines the following 9
classes :
Account (customer Name, acc No)
Savings Account (customer Name, accNo , min Balance , saving Balance)
Acc Details (customer Name, accNo , min Balance, saving Balance deposits, withdrawals)
Suggest which type of Inheritance needs to be applied with brief explanation and also
develop the Java program to implement the same(Use constructors wherever applicable
and each class should have display method).
c) Lambda expression is a new feature of JAVA 8, it is an anonymous function. Explain two 7
parameter lambda expression with syntax and suitable example program

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 OR
4. a) Build a JAVA program to create Bank class and a method will get input Bankname, 9
Customer name, Customer mobileno and Customer address, where Bank name should be
declared as static variable and display the output.
b) Constructors are used to construct new instances in java. Demonstrate the use of 6
parameterized constructor with an example.
c) Anonymous classes enable to make your code concise. What is anonymous class explain 10
with an example.
UNIT – III
5. a) Write a java program to create own exception for Negative Value Exception if the user 8
enter negative value.
b) What is inheritance? How inheritance is implemented in java? Develop aclass Book and 10
define display method to display book information. Inherit Reference Book and Magazine
classes from Book class and override display method of Book class in Reference Book and
Magazine classes. Make necessary assumptions required
c) Java finally block is a block that is used to execute important code. With syntax, 7
demonstrate the use of finally block with suitable example program.
OR
6. a) An exception is an unwanted event that interrupts the normal flow of the program. Define 10
exception. Why it is needed? Explain the different types of exceptions and the exception
hierarchy with appropriate examples using Java.
b) A child inherits the features of parents and also develops its own personality as it grows up 8
in the society, over a period of time. This situation can be represented by the concept of
multilevel inheritance in java programming. Apply the same concept in the car
manufacturing scenario in your own terms.
c) Enumeration means a list of named constant. Demonstrate program to show the working 7
of values(), ordinal() and valueOf() methods of enumeration
UNIT – IV
7 a) Generic functions can be called with different types of arguments based on the type of 8
arguments passed to generic method. Develop a JAVA program to show the working of user
defined generic functions
b) Generics helps to create classes, interfaces, and methods that can be used with different 9
types of objects (data). Hence, allows us to reuse our code. Explain restrictions and
limitations of generics
c) Set is an interface which extends Collection. It is an unordered collection of objects in 8
which duplicate values cannot be stored. Develop a Java code for adding elements in Set
OR
8 a) There may be times when you want to restrict the types that can be used as type 8
arguments in a parameterized type. Explain with a program example on how to implement
bounded types with generics.
b) The wildcard can be used in a variety of situations such as the type of a parameter, field, or 9
local variable; sometimes as a return type. Develop java program demonstrate Upper
Bounded Wildcards.
c) Illustrate the following, 8
i. Iterator ii. Collection interface iii. maps

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 SRN

3rd Semester B. Tech (AIML/CSIT/CSE) Semester End Examination June 2024

Course Title: Data Structures
Course Code: B20CI0303 - 85143
Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 100
Note:
1. Answer ONE FULL question from each unit.
2. Verify and ensure that question paper is completely printed before answering the question paper.
3. Any queries/discrepancies regarding the question paper, must be brought to the notice of the invigilator
4. Students must check the course title and course code before answering the question paper
UNIT – I Marks
1. a) Design, Develop and Implement a menu driven Program in C for the following Array 10
operations
i. Creating an Array of N Integer Elements
ii. Display of Array Elements with Suitable Headings
iii. Inserting an Element (ELEM) at a given valid Position (POS)
iv. Deleting an Element at a given valid Position(POS)
v. Exit.
Support the program with functions for each of the above operations
b) Explain the classification and operation of Data Structures in detail. 10
c) Array can be Initialize in differ ways .Explain it with array definition. 5
OR
2. a) Define following terms with suitable examples 10
i. Data ii. Data Type iii. Abstract Data Type iv. Primitive Data Structure
v. Non-Primitive Data Structure
b) Define Nested Structure. Write a C program to construct a structure STUDENT using nested 10
structures with SRN, student_name and DoB (day, month and year as members). Read N
student information and print the same.
c) Develop a C program to find smallest element in an array. 5
UNIT – II
3. a) With Illustration explain the Stack and Queue. 8
b) First In First Out (FIFO) is the principle used in constructing Queue data structure. Develop a 10
C program to implement Queue with following operations:
i. Insert an element into a Queue.
ii. Delete an element from a Queue.
iii. Display the elements in the Queue
c) Using stack, evaluate the postfix expression: 62/3-42*+ 7
OR
4. a) Change the following INFIX expression to POSTFIX form 10
((A+B)-C*(D/E))+F using stack
b) Develop a C program for PUSH and POP and DISPLAY functions for a stack with stack FULL 10
and stack EMPTY conditions.
c) What is priority Queue? Explain in detail. 5
UNIT – III
5. a) What is Dynamic memory allocation? Explain in detail. 8

Page 1 of 2
 b) Illustrate with example the basic operations of linked list. 7
c) Develop a C program to implement singly linked list with following operations: 10
i. Insert at beginning.
ii. Delete the specified node.
iii. Display elements in the linked list.
OR
6. a) Define Pointer in C. Explain pointer with an example C program 5
b) Very important predefined function used to allocate memory space dynamically is malloc( ). 10
Explain malloc( ) function with an example C program?
c) What is linked list? Explain the types of linked list in detail? 10
UNIT – IV
7. a) List and explain different types of representation of trees with an example? 10
b) What is binary tree? Explain the Properties and types of binary tree? 9
c) Define the following terms in tree traversal: 6
i) pre-order ii) post-order iii) in-order
OR
8. a) Define the following terminologies: 10
i. Tree ii. Binary Tree iii.Binary search Tree
b) Construct the binary tree from the following tree traversals: 5
Postorder: 8,4,5,2,6,7,3,1
Inorder: 4,8,2,5,1,6,3,7
c) Develop a C program to construct a Binary Search Tree using C. Print the elements in in- 10
order, preorder and post-order traversal techniques

***

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 SRN

3rd Semester B.Tech (AIML) Semester End Examination June 2024

Course Title: Agile Software Development and DevOps
Course Code: B20CI0304 - 85145
Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 100
Note:
1. Answer ONE FULL question from each unit.
2. Verify and ensure that question paper is completely printed before answering the question paper.
3. Any queries/discrepancies regarding the question paper, must be brought to the notice of the invigilator
4. Students must check the course title and course code before answering the question paper
UNIT – I Marks
1. a) Illustrate the international standards for software life cycle process. 5
b) Imagine you are leading a team developing a new mobile application for a fitness tracking 10
platform. You've just been approached by your project manager to explain the different
phases of the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC). Elaborate the steps in SDLC?
c) Consider a burglar alarm system which is intended to protect against intrusion and to 10
detect fire. List, justify and explain the non-functional requirements that the intended
system must meet.
OR
2. a) Compare and Contrast various software development models. Analyze how each model 10
approaches requirements gathering, design, development, testing, and deployment
phases?
b) Iterative model differs from the traditional waterfall model in that it is more of a cyclical 10
process, rather than a hard-step-by-step process of stages, explain rapid iterative
development in detail?
c) Discuss the goals associated with defining a software development process. Outline the 5
key objectives?
UNIT – II
3. a) Illustrate the concept of Rapid Iterative Development and how is it related to Rapid 10
Application Development?
b) An IT organizations wants to release the deliverables quickly. If it adapts conceptual 10
model the delivery may get delayed. Discuss how the above can be achieved through
continuous integration Continuous delivery and Continuous deployment?
c) How important is the documentation required when compared to the working software? 5
Justify with example?
OR
4. a) Discuss the process of defining, understanding and specifying Requirements in Agile 10
Software Development. Also discuss the concept of writing test cases with a user?
b) Production support is an essential function that is often overlooked. Suggest a few 10
practices to achieve good production support?
c) Elaborate the concept of Rapid Application Development? 5

Page 1 of 2
 UNIT – III
5. a) Specify the goals associated with Automating Agile ALM and evaluate their significance in 10
improving the software development process. Compare and contrast the outcomes of
adopting Automating Agile ALM with manual approaches?
b) Managing the software and systems lifecycle can be challenging. Discuss the managing 5
the lifecycle with ALM?
c) ALM tools should be used to manage the entire agile ALM. Discuss the broad scope of 10
ALM tools and how to achieve seamless integration?
OR
6. a) Discuss the systems and application design and code quality instrumentation in Agile 10
ALM?
b) The configuration management database (CMDB) is a great tool that many companies 10
have spent millions to implement. Discuss the concepts of supporting the CMDB and
driving DevOps in Agile ALM?
c) Illustrate how the Agile ALM deals with the Commercial versus Open-Source tools? 5
UNIT – IV
7. a) Explain in detail the goals of DevOps & why is DevOps important? 5
b) Quality assurance (QA) is any systematic process used to determine if a product or 10
service meets quality standards. Explain how QA is handled & the best practices adopted
in DevOps?
c) As part of your efforts to improve efficiency and reliability, you've decided to implement 10
Infrastructure as Code (IaC) practices. However, some team members are unsure about
what IaC entails and how it helps manage complexity in the DevOps environment.
Explain?
OR
8. a) Effective management and sharing of complex technical knowledge are a crucial aspect of 10
DevOps. Explain how knowledge is managed in DevOps?
b) A software development team tasked with migrating to DevOps practices within the 10
organization. Your team members are eager to understand the steps involved in
migrating to DevOps and implementing DevOps practices effectively. Elaborate the steps
involved in migrations & implementing DevOps?
c) What do we mean by “Shifting security to the left”? Explain in detail. 5
***

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 SRN

3rd Semester B.Tech (AIML/CSIT/ISE) Semester End Examination July 2024

Course Title: Programming with Python
Course Code: B22CI0301 - 24122305
Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 100
Note:
1. Answer ONE FULL question from each unit.
2. Verify and ensure that question paper is completely printed before answering the question paper.
3. Any queries/discrepancies regarding the question paper, must be brought to the notice of the invigilator
4. Students must check the course title and course code before answering the question paper
UNIT – I Marks
1. a) Illustrate the various flowchart symbols with the guidelines to be followed for creating 10
flowcharts.
b) Explain the various data types available in python. 8
c) Explain the input and output statements Supported in python with an Example 7
OR
2. a) Explain the ‘for’ and ‘while’ looping structures in python with Examples 10
b) Explain how to declare and define user defined function in python. Build a python 10
program to generate Fibonacci sequence using user defined function.
c) List different types of Operators and Explain any two. 5
UNIT – II
3. a) Illustrate the use of regular expressions to scrub and standardize street addresses 10
exported from a legacy system before importing them into a newer system.
b) Illustrate the use of regular expressions for constructing Roman numerals using the {n,m} 10
syntax.
c) Explain the use of format specifiers for strings in python. 5
OR
4. a) Illustrate the use of regular expressions for constructing Roman numerals with checking 10
for thousands.
b) Illustrate any 4 common string methods with examples. 8
c) Illustrate the process of string slicing with examples. 7
UNIT – III
5. a) Define a Class with methods for generating Fibonacci sequence. 10
b) Explain the following with example 10
i. __init__() method.
ii. Instance variables.
c) Write a short note on binary files. 5
OR
6. a) Illustrate the following OOP features with examples 15
i. Encapsulation.
ii. Single Inheritance.
iii. Polymorphism.

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 b) Explain the process of reading and writing to text files in python. 10
UNIT – IV
7. a) Illustrate how to handle data series in pandas with visualization. 10
b) Explain how to create arrays using python. 8
c) Explain any two universal array function in python. 7
OR
8. a) Illustrate how to handle data frames in pandas with visualization. 10
b) Explain how to indexing of arrays using python. 8
c) Explain processing of arrays with an example. 7

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 SRN

3rd Semester B.Tech (AIML/CSIT/ISE) Semester End Examination July 2024

Course Title: Theory of Computation
Course Code: B22CI0304 - 24122308
Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 100
Note:
1. Answer ONE FULL question from each unit.
2. Verify and ensure that question paper is completely printed before answering the question paper.
3. Any queries/discrepancies regarding the question paper, must be brought to the notice of the invigilator
4. Students must check the course title and course code before answering the question paper
UNIT – I Marks
1. a) Deterministic Finite Automata (DFA) has multiple applications including design of 5
compilers. Define DFA
b) Construct a DFA with transition diagram and tables over the language {a,b} 9
i) accepting two consecutive ‘a’ s
ii) not accepting two consecutive ‘a’s
iii) L={ w ,such that |w| mod 3 =0}
c) Define with examples i)Alphabet ii)String 4
d) Construct the DFA for the following NFA using subset construction method or lazy method. 7
Delta a b

q0 {q0,q1} {q0}

q1 Φ {q2}

q2 Φ Φ
OR
2. a) Construct DFA with transition tables over the binary language {0,1} to accept 9
i) L={W, and when interpreted as binary number must be a multiple of 2}
ii) Even number of zeros and odd number of ones
iii) Ends with 011
b) Convert the given NFA to DFA 7

c) Determine epsilon closure of all the states 5

Page 1 of 3
 d) Define with examples i) Power set i)Language 4
UNIT – II
3. a) Regular Expressions are used for representing finite automata. Define Regular Expressions 6
b) Write Regular expressions for the following 6
i) Language starting with ‘a’ and ending with ‘b’
ii) Binary language having the third symbol from the right end is ‘0’
iii) Binary language strings having odd length
c) Design an epsilon NFA for the language ab(a+b)* 8
d) Convert the given automaton to regular expression by elimination of states method 5

OR
4. a) The Engineering students of a prestigious college want to obtain a regular expression for 6
the automata using elimination of states method. Help them

-> a a,b a
b) Design regular expressions for the following on {a,b} 6
i) L={W, and |W| mod 3 =0 }
ii) L={Starts and ends with different symbols}
iii) L={strings of length <=1}

c) Design an epsilon NFA for the language ab+b* 8

d) Explain the different operators of regular expressions with examples 5
UNIT – III
5. a) What are Regular Languages, How do we prove whether a language is regular or not? Using 10
Pumping Lemma prove that WCWR is not regular.
b) Prove that the language L={anbn , where n>=1} is not regular 10
c) What is the language generated by the following grammar 5
i) S->aA|ϵ A->a
ii) S->0S0|1S1|0|1
OR
6. a) Define ambiguous grammar, Show that the following grammar is ambiguous 10
E->E+E|E*E|d
Construct RMD, LMD, and parse trees for the yield d*d+d
b) Prove that the language L={0n1n , where n>=1} is not regular 10
c) Why is pumping lemma used in the context of regular languages 5
UNIT – IV
7. a) Construct push down automata for the Language L ={WCWR, where W={a,b}*} 8
b) Define 6
i) Instantaneous description of a PDA.
ii) Language accepted by PDA.
iii) Deterministic and non-deterministic PDA.
c) Consider the grammar and convert into CNF 4
S -> 0A | 1B
A -> 0AA | 1S | 1
B -> 1BB | 0S | 0

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 d) Find useless symbols, ϵ -productions and unit productions from the grammar with 7
productions and eliminate it.
S -> a | aA | B| C
A -> aB | ϵ
B -> aA
C -> cCD
D -> ddd
OR
8. a) Construct PDA for the language L= {0n1n | 0, 1 ϵ Σ and n>= 0}. 8
b) Define CNF and GNF. Convert the grammar into CNF 8
S -> aAD
A -> aB | bAB
B ->b
D ->d
c) Interpret the following grammar to CNF and GNF. 6
S -> aAS | bAB | aB | A
A -> bBB | aS | a |B
B -> bA | a
d) Find all ϵ- productions from the grammar and eliminate it. 3
S -> aS | AB
A -> ϵ
B-> ϵ
D -> b

***

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 SRN

3rd Semester B.Tech LE(AIML/ISE) Semester End Examination August 2024

Course Title: Discrete Mathematics and Graph theory
Course Code:B23AS0301-24122301
Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 100
Note:
1. Answer ONE FULL question from each unit.
2. Verify and ensure that question paper is completely printed before answering the question paper.
3. Any queries/discrepancies regarding the question paper, must be brought to the notice of the invigilator
4. Students must check the course title and course code before answering the question paper
UNIT – I Marks
1. a) Prove that for any propositions 𝑝, 𝑞, 𝑟, the compound proposition 6
 p  q   (q  r   p  q  is a tautology using truth table
b) Prove the following logical equivalences without using truth tables: 6
(i) p  [ p  ( p  q)]  p (ii)[(p  q)  ( p  q  r )]  p  q
c) Define converse, inverse and contra positive of a conditional statement with truth table. 6
Also state the converse, inverse and contra positive of the following statement. “If a
triangle is not isosceles, then it is not equilateral”.
d) Express the statement of the following argument in symbolic form and test the validity of 7
the argument.

All men are mortal

Socrates is a man.
…………………………
Therefore, Socrates is mortal.

OR
2. a) Using truth tables, show that ( p  q)  r   [( p  r )  (q  r )] 6
b) Construct the truth values for NAND and NOR. For any statements 𝑝, 𝑞 prove that 6
(i) ( p  q)  (p  q) (ii)( p  q)  (p  q)
c) Examine the validity of the following argument: 6
If I study, I will not fail in the examination.
If I do not watch TV in the evenings, I will study.
I failed in the examination.
…………………………

Therefore, I must have watched TV in the evenings.

d) Prove that the following argument is valid where ‘c’ is the specification element of 7
Universe
x,  p ( x)  q ( x) 
x,  q ( x)  r ( x) 
r ( c )
 p ( c )

Page 1 of 4
 UNIT – II
3. a) Let A={1,2,3,4}, B={2,5}, C={3,4,7}. Write down the following: 6

A  B , B  A , A  ( B  C ) , ( A  B)  C
b) Let A={1,2,3,4,6} and R be a relation on A defined by aRb if and only if a is a multiple of b. 6
Represent the relation R as a matrix and draw its diagraph.
c) Let R be a relation on the set A={1,2,3,4} defined by xRy if and only if x divides y. Prove 6
that (A,R) is a POset. Draw its Hasse diagram.
d) Consider the Hasse diagram of a poset (A,R) given below. 7

If B={c,d,e} find: i) all upper bounds of B

ii) all lower bounds of B
iii)the least upper bound of B
iv) the greatest lower bound of B.
OR
4. a) Let A={1,2,3,4} and let R be the relation on A defined by xRy if and only y=2x. 6
i. Write down R as a set of ordered pairs.
ii. Draw the digraph of R
iii. Determine the in-degree and out-degree of the vertices in the digraph.
b) Verify whether R={(1,1),(2,2),(3,3),(1,2),(2,3)} with A={1,2,3} is an equivalence relation. 6
c) Define maximal element of a set. In the poset represented by the following Hasse 6
diagram, find the maximal elements, minimal elements, least element and the greatest
element.

d) ABC is an equilateral triangle whose sides are of length 1 cm each. If we select 5 points 7
inside the triangle, prove that at least two of these points are such that the distance
between them is less than ½ cm.
UNIT – III
5. a) Define with an example: Graph, multigraph, simple graph, directed graph, Complete 6
Graph, Bipartite Graph.
b) Determine |𝑉| for the following graphs. 6
i. G has nine edges and all vertices have degree 3
ii. G is 3-regular with 15 edges
iii. G has 10 edges with two vertices of degree 4 and all others of degree 3
c) Prove the following 6
i. A path with n vertices is of length n-1.
ii. If a cycle has n vertices, it has n edges.

Page 2 of 4
 iii. The degree of every vertex in a cycle is 2.
d) In the graph given below find the number of paths from v1 to v8. How many of these 7
paths have length 5

OR
6. a) Explain the Konigsberg’s Bridge Problem and then give any one solution of the problem. 6
b) Prove that the number of vertices of odd degree in any graph is even. 6
c) Show that the following graphs are isomorphic 6

d) Define (i) connected (ii) not connected (ii) weakly connected and (iii) strongly connected 7
graphs with an example each.
UNIT – IV
7. a) Define with an example each Euler Trail, Euler circuit, Euler Graph, Hamiltonian path, 6
Hamiltonian Cycle, Hamiltonian Graph
b) Show that K5 (Kuratouski’s first graph ) is nonplanar graph. 6
c) Find the Chromatic number of the following graphs, 6

d) Define (i) Matching (ii) Complete Matching with an example each. 7

OR
8. a) Prove that A connected graph is Euler graph if and only if it can be decomposed in to edge 6
disjoint cycle.
b) Define Dual of the graph and find the geometric dual of the given graph 6

c) Using multiplication theorem find chromatic polynomial for the graph . 6

Page 3 of 4
d) State Max-flow and min-cut theorem and find the maximum flow possible Between the 7
vertices P and S in the network shown in figure.
18 Q 6 R
P
7 4 5

T 5 S

***

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 SRN

4th Semester B.Tech (AIML/CSIT/ISE) Semester End Examination July 2024

Course Title: Operating System
Course Code: B20CI0412 - 85152
Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 100
Note:
1. Answer ONE FULL question from each unit.
2. Verify and ensure that question paper is completely printed before answering the question paper.
3. Any queries/discrepancies regarding the question paper, must be brought to the notice of the invigilator
4. Students must check the course title and course code before answering the question paper
UNIT – I Marks
1. a) Operating Services is divided into small components and then interfaced to work 10
together. List and explain any two types of Operating System Structure.
b) System calls provide an interface to access the services of the operating system. Explain in 10
detail about the types of System calls
c) Distinguish between System Calls and System Programs, the list any five of their 5
functions.
OR
2. a) A computer system can be organized in a number of different ways, which we can 10
categorize roughly according to the number of general-purpose processors used.
Illustrate the computer system architecture and explain in detail
b) An Operating System provides services to both the users and to the programs. Summarize 10
the Operating System Services in Details.
c) A computer system can be organized in a number of different ways, which we can 5
categorize roughly according to the number of general-purpose processors used. In detail
explain Multiprocessor Systems.
UNIT – II
3. a) What is Critical Section Problem? and what requirement should be satisfied for solving 10
the critical section problem.
b) Compare the following: 10
i) Process and thread
ii) User level and kernel level threads
iii) Short term and medium term scheduler
iv) Waiting time and Turnaround time
c) Define Semaphores? Explain how it is useful to implement Mutual Exclusion. 5
OR
4. a) What are necessary conditions of deadlock and explain briefly about deadlock 10
prevention.
b) A Relationship must exist between user threads and Kernel threads. What is Thread? 10
With neat Diagram, explain various multithreading models in details.
c) Explain various process scheduling queues with suitable diagram. 5

Page 1 of 3
 UNIT – III
5. a) Consider the following set of processes: 10

Process Id Arrival time Burst time

P1 0 7
P2 1 5
P3 2 3
P4 3 1
P5 4 2
P6 5 1

If the CPU scheduling policy is shortest remaining time first,

i. Draw Gantt Charts showing the execution of these processes using SRTF
ii. Compute the Average waiting time
iii. Calculate the average turnaround time
b) CPU scheduling more complex when multiple CPUs are available. Illustrate how Processor 10
affinity plays role in Multicore Processor Scheduling
c) List the different types of CPU Scheduling Algorithms? Briefly explain any one. 5
OR
6. a) Consider the following snapshot of a system 10

With reference to Bankers algorithm

i) What is the content of the matrix need ?
ii) Is the system in a safe state?
iii) If a request from process P1 arrives for (0,4,2,0),can the request be granted
immediately?
b) Consider the processes P1, P2, P3, P4 given in the below table, arrives for execution in the 10
same order, with given Arrival Time and Burst Time.
PROCESS ARRIVAL TIME BURST TIME
P1 0 8
P2 1 4
P3 2 9
P4 3 5
i. Draw Gantt chart
ii. Find Average Weighting Time
iii. Find Average Turn Around Time

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 c) Illustrate Deadlock detection 5
UNIT – IV
7. a) What is paging? With neat diagram explain the conversion of virtual address in paging 10
with suitable example.
b) With neat diagram, explain the structure of page table. 10
c) Illustrate how demand paging concept will work in Operating System. 5
OR
8. a) What is Memory Segmentation in Operating system, List out and explain the advantages 10
of memory segmentation?
b) When a file is used, information is read and accessed into computer memory and there 10
are several ways to access this information of the file. Explain methods used to access a
file in operating system.
c) Explain the various types of directory structures. 5

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 SRN

4th Semester B.Tech (AIML) Semester End Examination June 2024

Course Title: Artificial Intelligence
Course Code: B20EA0401 - 85163
Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 100
Note:
1. Answer ONE FULL question from each unit.
2. Verify and ensure that question paper is completely printedbefore answering the question paper.
3. Any queries/discrepancies regarding the question paper, must be brought to the notice of the invigilator
4. Students must check the course title and course code before answering the question paper
UNIT – I Marks
1. a) Define “Artificial Intelligence and briefly explain the various task domains of Artificial 10
Intelligence.
b) Explain the following types of hill climbing search techniques : 10
1. Simple hill climbing 2. Steepest hill climbing
c) Explain the constraint satisfaction problem in Artificial Intelligence. 5
OR
2. a) Depth first search and Breadth first search are two algorithms used to solve state space 5
search problems. Compare these algorithms and list out the advantages and disadvantages
of these algorithms.
b) Steepest-Ascent Hill climbing first examines all the neighboring nodes and then selects the
node closest to the solution state as next node. Explain with a neat diagram Steepest- 10
Ascent Hill climbing technique.
c) Explain Heuristic search technique and mention its types 10
UNIT – II
3. a) Illustrate with a diagram Knowledge Representation framework 10
b) Explain IS-A and Instance relationship with and example predicates. 10
c) Write short notes on: i) Inferential Knowledge ii) Procedural Knowledge 5
OR
4. a) Representation is the way knowledge is encoded. Discuss the mapping between facts and 10
representations with a neat block diagram along with the representation of facts.
b) Explain Forward versus Backward Reasoning with an example of 8-puzzle game 10
c) Compare the declarative knowledge and procedural knowledge with examples. 5
UNIT – III
5. a) Simple planning agent consists of problem solving and knowledge-based agents. Explain the 10
algorithm of a simple planning agent along with its pseudocode.
b) Uncertainty is very important to be handled otherwise AI agent may fail. Discuss the 8
concept of uncertainty along with all the sources of uncertainty
c) Define Baye’s theorem. Discuss the applications of Bayes' theorem in Artificial intelligence. 7

OR
6. a) Explain knowledge engineering for planning. With an example of block world problem. 10
b) Define partial - order planning. Give the representation considering partial plans by 10
illustrating a problem
c) List the advantages and disadvantages of Bayesian Network 5

Page 1 of 2
 UNIT – IV
7. a) Robotics is that branch of engineering that deals with conception, design, operation, and 10
manufacturing of robots. Discuss Issac’s three laws of Robotics
b) What is a robot sensor? How does a Robot Sensor Work? 10
c) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of robot sensors. 5
OR
8. a) A robot is defined as a computer controlled machine that has the ability to move about in 10
its environment. Discuss some of the characteristics of the robot.
b) Road maps capture the connectivity of the robot’s free space in a network of one 10
dimensional curves or lines. Explain Road-Map Path Planning using visibility graph.
c) List and explain all the sensors used in autonomous vehicles 5

***

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 SRN

4th Semester B.Tech (AIML) Semester End Examination June 2024

Course Title: Artificial Intelligence
Course Code: B20EA0401 - 85163
Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 100
Note:
1. Answer ONE FULL question from each unit.
2. Verify and ensure that question paper is completely printedbefore answering the question paper.
3. Any queries/discrepancies regarding the question paper, must be brought to the notice of the invigilator
4. Students must check the course title and course code before answering the question paper
UNIT – I Marks
1. a) Define “Artificial Intelligence and briefly explain the various task domains of Artificial 10
Intelligence.
b) Explain the following types of hill climbing search techniques : 10
1. Simple hill climbing 2. Steepest hill climbing
c) Explain the constraint satisfaction problem in Artificial Intelligence. 5
OR
2. a) Depth first search and Breadth first search are two algorithms used to solve state space 5
search problems. Compare these algorithms and list out the advantages and disadvantages
of these algorithms.
b) Steepest-Ascent Hill climbing first examines all the neighboring nodes and then selects the
node closest to the solution state as next node. Explain with a neat diagram Steepest- 10
Ascent Hill climbing technique.
c) Explain Heuristic search technique and mention its types 10
UNIT – II
3. a) Illustrate with a diagram Knowledge Representation framework 10
b) Explain IS-A and Instance relationship with and example predicates. 10
c) Write short notes on: i) Inferential Knowledge ii) Procedural Knowledge 5
OR
4. a) Representation is the way knowledge is encoded. Discuss the mapping between facts and 10
representations with a neat block diagram along with the representation of facts.
b) Explain Forward versus Backward Reasoning with an example of 8-puzzle game 10
c) Compare the declarative knowledge and procedural knowledge with examples. 5
UNIT – III
5. a) Simple planning agent consists of problem solving and knowledge-based agents. Explain the 10
algorithm of a simple planning agent along with its pseudocode.
b) Uncertainty is very important to be handled otherwise AI agent may fail. Discuss the 8
concept of uncertainty along with all the sources of uncertainty
c) Define Baye’s theorem. Discuss the applications of Bayes' theorem in Artificial intelligence. 7

OR
6. a) Explain knowledge engineering for planning. With an example of block world problem. 10
b) Define partial - order planning. Give the representation considering partial plans by 10
illustrating a problem
c) List the advantages and disadvantages of Bayesian Network 5

Page 1 of 2
 UNIT – IV
7. a) Robotics is that branch of engineering that deals with conception, design, operation, and 10
manufacturing of robots. Discuss Issac’s three laws of Robotics
b) What is a robot sensor? How does a Robot Sensor Work? 10
c) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of robot sensors. 5
OR
8. a) A robot is defined as a computer controlled machine that has the ability to move about in 10
its environment. Discuss some of the characteristics of the robot.
b) Road maps capture the connectivity of the robot’s free space in a network of one 10
dimensional curves or lines. Explain Road-Map Path Planning using visibility graph.
c) List and explain all the sensors used in autonomous vehicles 5

***

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 SRN

4th Semester B.Tech (CSIT /AIML) Semester End Examination July 2024
Course Title: Computer Organization and Architecture
Course Code: B20EJ0401 – 85164
Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 100
Note:
1. Answer ONE FULL question from each unit.
2. Verify and ensure that question paper is completely printed before answering the question paper.
3. Any queries/discrepancies regarding the question paper, must be brought to the notice of the invigilator
4. Students must check the course title and course code before answering the question paper
UNIT – I Marks
1. a) Elaborate on the RISC and CISC features of ARM processors 4
b) Develop an ALP to find the sum of n numbers and store the result in a register. Check if 8
the result is odd or even. If odd store result in R2. Else in R5.
c) Discuss any three operating modes of ARM processor 9
d) List any 4 Assembler directives of ARM and mention the directions they give to the 4
Assembler
OR
2. a) Outline the Register structure of ARM Processor including CPSR 6
b) Explain the usage of Pre-indexed and Post-indexed addressing modes using LDR and STR 7
instructions
c) Highlight the action performed by the following instructions and assembler directives 8
supported by ARM processor
i. MOVS
ii. ERR
iii. BNE
iv. ENTRY
d) Develop an ALP to find the sum of odd numbers in the range 0 to 14 and store the result 4
in a register.
UNIT – II
3. a) Compute the product of 41 and 54 using a fast adder that adds summands by saving the 7
carry
b) Apply Booth’s Algorithm to find the product of +14 and +21 6
c) Show how (17.725)10 can be represented in 64-bit IEEE format 5
d) With the aid of the logic diagram of a sequential multiplier, demonstrate multiplication of 7
23 and 13.
OR
4. a) Apply Bit pair recoding multiplier Algorithm to find the product of -10 and +23 7
b) Demonstrate the division of 29 / 5 employing restoring division algorithm 6
c) Apply Non Restoring division Algorithm to perform division of 11 by 3 6
d) Derive the equations of Carry look ahead 4-bit adder and draw the circuit 6
UNIT – III
5. a) Discuss the distinguishing feature of Synchronous DRAMs. Compare the double data rate 8
SDRAMs and Rambus memory.
b) Develop Associative mapping function that maps 128 blocks of Cache with 2 blocks per 8

Page 1 of 2
 set and a main memory having 4k blocks.
c) Outline the translation of Virtual address to Physical address by the MMU in Virtual 9
memory system.
OR
6. a) Memory Cells are organized in the form of an array. Show and explain the organization of 8
a 16* 8 Memory circuit.
b) Outline the organization of a 1K X 1 memory chip using static memory cells. How many 8
external connections does it provide?
c) Develop Set associative mapping function that maps 128 blocks of Cache with 2 blocks 9
per set and a main memory having 4k blocks.
UNIT – IV
7. a) Outline the Bus Arbitration scheme with the aid of a timing diagram for a case where 3 8
masters’ assigned priorities by the arbiter contend for the common bus.
b) Outline the read operation performed on a PCI bus for a 32-bit word transfer from 8
memory.
c) Detail the design interface for a 8-bit parallel output port used for connecting a display to 9
the Processor with the help of diagram.
OR
8. a) Stating the advantage of Asynchronous bus for data transfer, with the help of timing 8
diagram explain the input data transfer in an Asynchronous bus.
b) Demonstrate the serial interfacing of processor and I/O devices with the aid of a block 9
diagram.
c) Outline the concept of hardware multi-threading and compare and contrast UMA and 8
NUMA multiprocessors.

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 SRN

4th Semester B.Tech (AIML/CSIT/ISE/CSSE) Semester End Examination July 2024

Course Title: Computer Organization and Architecture
Course Code: B22CI0401 - 24122404
Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 100
Note:
1. Answer ONE FULL question from each unit.
2. Verify and ensure that question paper is completely printed before answering the question paper.
3. Any queries/discrepancies regarding the question paper, must be brought to the notice of the invigilator
4. Students must check the course title and course code before answering the question paper
UNIT – I Marks
1. a) With the aid of the logic diagram of a sequential multiplier and demonstrate multiplication 9
of 22 and 29 in the multiplier
b) Make use of binary division hardware circuit to demonstrate the division of 10
23/4 employing restoring division algorithm
c) Show how (19.36)10 in binary floating-point IEEE 32-bit and 64-bit format 6
OR
2. a) Make use of binary division hardware circuit to demonstrate the division of 26/3 9
employing non-restoring division algorithm
b) Demonstrate working of carry look ahead adder. Write equations for So,C1,S1,C2,S2,C3. 8
c) Demonstrate the multiplication operation of 13 and -11 using bit-pair recoding algorithm. 8
UNIT – II
3. a) Explain the architecture of the ARM microprocessor. Summarize its key characteristics and 8
compare them with those of a typical microcontroller.
b) Describe the ARM processor's register structure and list the addressing modes. Illustrate 9
with examples how different addressing modes are used in ARM assembly language any
two.
c) Outline the operating modes and exceptions in the ARM processor and explain any two. 8
OR
4. a) Explain the concept of conditional flags execution in ARM instructions. Demonstrate how 8
conditional execution in ARM processors with example.
b) Explain the different types of instructions available in the ARM assembly language. 9
Differentiate between data processing, data transfer, and control flow instructions with
appropriate examples.
c) Explain the importance of addressing modes in ARM architecture. Illustrate with examples 8
how immediate, register, and indirect addressing modes are utilized in ARM assembly
language.
UNIT – III
5. a) Outline the organization of a 1KX1 memory chip using static memory cells. How many 9
external connection does it provide?

Page 1 of 2
 b) Apply the concept of Direct Memory Access (DMA) to optimize data transfer in a 8
multimedia processing application. Implement a DMA controller design that efficiently
transfers large amounts of data between external storage and memory, taking into
account data integrity and system resource management.
c) Develop set associative mapping function that maps 128 blocks of cache with 2 blocks per 8
set and a main memory having 4K blocks
OR
6. a) Analyze the memory hierarchy of a modern computer system and identify potential 6
bottlenecks. Propose optimization strategies, such as cache management policies or virtual
memory, to enhance overall system performance while considering trade-offs between
speed, cost, and complexity.
b) Outline the organization of 2MX32 memory that can be built using 512KX8 memory chips. 9
c) Sketch a Static RAM cell and a Dynamic RAM cell and discuss how read and write operation 10
can be performed by the cell?
UNIT – IV
7. a) 9
Demonstrate the Serial interfacing of keyboard to processor connection and display to
processor connection with the aid of a block diagram.
b) Implement an arbitration mechanism for a shared bus architecture used in a multi-core 8
processor. Analyze the performance of the arbitration scheme under different traffic loads
and contention scenarios, and propose optimizations to minimize latency and maximize
throughput.
c) Develop interface circuits for connecting peripheral devices to a computer system using 8
industry-standard protocols such as USB and PCIe. Optimize the design to ensure
compatibility with a wide range of devices while maintaining high-speed data transfer rates
and minimizing power consumption.
OR
8. a) Demonstrate the parallel interfacing of keyboard to processor connection and display to 10
processor connection with the aid of a block diagram.
b) Explain concept of master slave in read and write operation with a detailed timing diagram 8
for synchronous bus.
c) Explain in detail Ring based and crossbar inter connection networks 7
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 SRN

4th Semester B.Tech LE (AIML/CSIT/ISE/CSSE) Semester End Examination August 2024

Course Title: Computer Organization and Architecture
Course Code: B22CI0401 - 24122404
Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 100
Note:
1. Answer ONE FULL question from each unit.
2. Verify and ensure that the question paper is completely printed before answering the question paper.
3. Any queries/discrepancies regarding the question paper, must be brought to the notice of the invigilator
4. Students must check the course title and course code before answering the question paper
UNIT – I Marks
1. a) Enumerate the concept of a 3-bit carry Look-Ahead adder used for fast adder. 8
b) With the aid of the logic diagram of a restoring division demonstrate the division of 25/4 10
employing the restoring division algorithm.
c) Demonstrate the multiplication -13 and -9 by using the booth algorithm multiplier. 7
OR
2. a) Demonstrate the multiplication +13 and -6 by using the bit-pair recoding multiplier. 7
b) Demonstrate the concept of carry-save addition of 45 and 25 with the help of tree 8
structure.
c) With the aid of the logic diagram of a sequential multiplier, demonstrate the multiplication 10
13 and 11 in the sequential multiplier.
UNIT – II
3. a) Develop an ALP that checks to find if the given 32-bit number is odd. Store FFh in R4 if ODD 7
else 80h in R4.
b) Demonstrate the concept of Bank register of ARM with neat diagram 8
c) List the various Addressing modes supported by ARM Processor. Give the Syntax of each 10
type and how do they execute.
OR
4. a) Assume the following register and memory contents in an ARM computer. Registers R0, 7
R1, R2, R6, and R7 contain the values 1000, 2000, 1016, 20, and 30, respectively. The
numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 are stored in successive word locations starting at memory
address 1000. What is the effect of executing each of the following two instruction blocks,
starting each time with the given initial values?

i) LDR R8, [R0]

LDR R9, [R0, #4]
ADD R10, R8, R9
ii) STR R6, [R1, #−4]!
STR R7, [R1, #−4]!
LDR R8, [R1], #4
LDR R9, [R1], #4
SUB R10, R8, R9

Page 1 of 2
 b) Outline the working of the following of the ARM Instructions with one example for each. 8
i. LDMIA ii. MVN iii. TST iV. BEQ
c) Explain each block of the architecture of an ARM processor with a figure and demonstrate 10
the fetch, decode, and execution phases of instruction execution in an ARM Processor.
UNIT – III
5. a) A main memory having 4K blocks and Cache with 128 blocks have to be mapped using Set 9
associative mapping function. Two adjacent blocks of the Cache form a set. Detail the
mapping function scheme that performs the mapping task.
b) Detail the registers of the DMA controller used for direct memory access by the processor 8
with a diagram.
c) Outline the memory organization of a 1K X 1 memory chip and how many external 8
connections is required.
OR
6. a) Sketch a Static RAM cell and a Dynamic RAM cell and discuss how Read and write 10
operations can be performed by the cell?
b) Show the Organization of 32M X 8 memory that uses Synchronous DRAMS. When do the 8
cells get refreshed?
c) Outline the memory hierarchy of different types of memory used in a memory system. 7
UNIT – IV
7. a) Define USB and explain about USB serial bus structure in detail 8
b) Outline the Bus Arbitration scheme with the aid of a timing diagram for a case where 3 8
masters’ assigned priorities by the arbiter contend for the common bus.
c) Demonstrate the serial interfacing of processor and I/O devices with the aid of a block 9
diagram
OR
8. a) Outline the PCI Interconnection standard and show the PCI express connections. 8
b) Explain with a neat sketch the working of a single bus structure 7
c) Demonstrate the Parallel interfacing of processor and I/O devices with the aid of a block 10
diagram

***

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 SRN

4th Semester B.Tech (AIML/CSIT/ISE/CSSE) Semester End Examination July 2024

Course Title: Design and Analysis of Algorithms
Course Code: B22CI0402 - 24122405
Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 100
Note:
1. Answer ONE FULL question from each unit.
2. Verify and ensure that question paper is completely printed before answering the question paper.
3. Any queries/discrepancies regarding the question paper, must be brought to the notice of the invigilator
4. Students must check the course title and course code before answering the question paper
UNIT – I Marks
1. a) Apply Masters theorem to find the time complexity of the following recurrence relation 10
𝑛
(i) T(n)=3T( 4 )+n
𝑛
(ii) T(n)=6T( ) + 𝑛2 log 𝑛
3
𝑛
(iii) T(n)=8T( 2) + 𝑛2
𝑛
(ii) T(n)=3T( 3 ) + √𝑛
𝑛
(iii) T(n)=2T( 4)+n
b) Design non recursive algorithms to 8
i) Find the number of binary digits in n’s binary representation
ii) Find maximum of N Elements in an array
Write the mathematical analysis of these algorithms and obtain its time complexity.
c) Outline an Algorithm for Tower of Hanoi and obtain its time complexity using Backward 7
Substitution method.
OR
2. a) Explain in detail about Analysis framework of an Algorithm 10
b) Algorithms for the same problem can be based on different ideas and can solve the 8
problem with different speeds. Justify this statement citing the example of GCD of two
numbers.
c) Discuss the different Asymptotic notations with the help of graphs depicting the order of 7
growth.
UNIT – II
3. a) Design a Merge sort algorithm to sort n elements. Given 8 3 2 9 7 1 5 4. Depict the step by 10
step pictorial procedure to sort the elements in ascending order using Merge sort. Derive
its time Complexity
Build an algorithm for Breadth First Search (BFS) and explain its working procedure by 8
b)
solving the given graph.

cExplain the Decrease and Conquer Technique. What is Topological Sorting. With an 7
c)
cexample, illustrate the Source Removal Algorithm
Page 1 of 3
 OR
4. a) Design an algorithm to sort n elements using Selection sort and analyze its time 10
complexity. Sort the given list using Selection sort 64, 25, 12, 22, 11
b) Outline the Brute force string matching algorithm and solve the following example using 8
below example and bring out its time complexity
Text: WELCOME_TO_REVA_UNIVERSITY Substring: NIV
c) Summarize the algorithm for Quick Sort and write its Time Complexity. 7
UNIT-III
5. a) Apply Warshalls algorithm to find the transitive closure of the relation R={(2,1) (2,3) (3,1) 10
(3,4) (4,1) (4,3)} on set A={1,2,3,4}. Draw the adjacency matrix and the Transitive closure
matrix. Determine the Time Complexity
b) What do you mean by Minimum Spanning Tree? Apply Kruskals Algorithm to obtain the 8
MST for the graph below. Obtain its Time Complexity

c) Using Floyds Algorithm, find the shortest distance between every pair of vertices 7

OR
6. a) Develop a Knapsack Algorithm and obtain its Time Complexity. Solve the Knapsack 10
problem having weights and profits as
Weights: { 3, 4, 6, 5}
Profits: { 2, 3, 1, 4}
The weight of the knapsack is 8 kg
The number of items is 4
b) Describe Dijkstra's Algorithm for finding the shortest path from a single source vertex to 8
all other vertices in a weighted graph. Discuss the time complexity of the algorithm
c) Explain Prim's algorithm for finding the Minimum Spanning Tree (MST) of a connected, 7
undirected graph. Provide a detailed step-by-step description of the algorithm.
Additionally, given the following weighted graph, apply Prim's algorithm to determine the
MST and specify the total weight of the MST. Choose B as the starting vertex,

Page 2 of 3
 UNIT – IV
7. a) Explain the concept of Dynamic Programming? Write the algorithms for Comparison 10
Counting and Distribution Counting.
Sort the given list of numbers using Distribution Counting
13,11,12,13,12,12
b) Summarize on the topics (i) Dynamic programming (ii) Subset-Sum problem 8
c) Apply the branch and bound algorithm to solve the following travelling salesman problem 7

OR
8. a) Discuss the concept of Branch and Bound. Compared to backtracking, list the two 10
additional items needed by Branch and Bound. Apply Branch and Bound Technique to
solve the following assignment problem.
Job1 Job2 Job3 Job4
Person a 9 2 7 8
Person b 6 4 3 7
Person c 5 8 1 8
Person d 7 6 9 4

b) Outline the algorithm for backtracking. Draw the state space tree for solving four queens 8
problem by Backtracking
c) Outline Horspools Algorithm for String Matching 7

***

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 SRN

4th Semester B.Tech LE (AIML/CSIT/ISE/CSSE) Semester End Examination August 2024

Course Title: Design and Analysis of Algorithms
Course Code: B22CI0402 - 24122405
Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 100
Note:
1. Answer ONE FULL question from each unit.
2. Verify and ensure that question paper is completely printed before answering the question paper.
3. Any queries/discrepancies regarding the question paper, must be brought to the notice of the invigilator
4. Students must check the course title and course code before answering the question paper
UNIT – I Marks
1. a) 10
Define and explain the notion of Algorithm. Write an algorithm to find the GCD of two
integer numbers using (i)Euclid’s and (ii)Consecutive Integer Checking methods.
b) Explain the time analysis process of non-recursive algorithms, design with example and 10
analyze an algorithm to search for a element using linear search.
c) With a flow chart, explain the Design and Analysis of Algorithms process. 5
OR
2. a) We follow some steps to analyze the time efficiency of recursive algorithms. Write a 10
recursive algorithm to find the factorial of a given number and analyze its time efficiency.
b) Explain asymptotic notations Ο, Ω and θ with the help of Graphs depicting the order of 10
growth. Explain asymptotic notations with an example equation. Provide asymptotic
notations for the algorithm to search for a given element using linear search.
c) Outline the general plan for analyzing the time efficiency of non-recursive algorithms. 5
Write an algorithm to multiply two square matrices of order n * n.
UNIT – II
3. a) Given a string of n characters called the text and a string of m characters (m ≤ n) called the 10
pattern, design an algorithm to find a substring of the text that matches the pattern. Also
explain the process of string matching with an example strings.
b) Given n elements, using divide and conquer technique design a quick sort algorithm to sort 10
n elements in ascending order.
c) With an example data elements, explain the process of selection sort to sort the elements 5
in ascending order.
OR
4. a) Explain decrease and conquer technique with an example insertion sort algorithm to sort 10
the elements in ascending order.
b) Computer executes programs based on the precedence and dependency, if each program 10
represented as node in a graph, then to execute programs we have to sort the nodes in
order of dependency. Write an algorithm to perform topological sorting to sort the nodes
in a graph shown below.

Page 1 of 3
 c) Solve the following recurrence relations using Master’s theorem. 5
(i) T(n)=2T(n/2)+1
(ii) T(n)=2T(n/2)+n
UNIT – III
5. a) Illustrate single source shortest path problem for the given graph to find the shortest 10
distance from source vertex to all other vertices. Assume vertex ‘5’ as source.

b) Illustrate with step by step procedure to construct minimum spanning tree of a graph 10
shown below, using an algorithm which visits source vertex first and visits next nearest
vertex later and so on. Consider vertex ‘a’ as the source.

c) In greedy approach, the problem is divided into small steps, in each step an optimal 5
solution is found, leading to overall global optimal solution when all the steps are solved.
Explain Knapsack algorithm, a greedy technique with an example.
OR
6. a) Solve all pairs shortest path problem for the given graph using Floyd’s algorithm. 10

b) Outline an algorithm to find transitive closure for a given directed graph and illustrate the 10

Page 2 of 3
 same with step by step procedure to find path matrix for a given directed graph.

c) With an example graph, explain Kruskal’s algorithm used to find minimum spanning tree. 5
UNIT – IV
7. a) With pseudo code, explain how the searching for a pattern BARBER in the given text 10
JIM_SAW_ME_IN_BARBER_SHOP is performed using string matching algorithm which
shifts the pattern based on shift value.
b) Develop a sorting algorithm for a given set of positive integers which uses counting array 10
to sort the elements and analyze its time efficiency.
c) Explain travelling salesman problem with an example graph. 5
OR
8. a) With necessary state space tree diagram, illustrate the 4 queen’s problem which uses 10
backtracking technique.
b) Outline the backtracking method to solve the following instance of sum of subset problem: 10
S= {3, 5, 6, 7} and d=15.
c) Apply the sorting technique that uses the concept of comparison to sort the following 5
elements in ascending order.
92, 2, 39, 72, 41, 53

***

Page 3 of 3
 SRN

4th Semester B.Tech (AIML/CSIT/ISE/CSSE) Semester End Examination July 2024

Course Title: Database Management Systems
Course Code: B22CI0403 - 24122406
Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 100
Note:
1. Answer ONE FULL question from each unit.
2. Verify and ensure that question paper is completely printed before answering the question paper.
3. Any queries/discrepancies regarding the question paper, must be brought to the notice of the invigilator
4. Students must check the course title and course code before answering the question paper
UNIT – I Marks
1. a) Explain in detail about the characteristics of the database approach with example? 10
b) Construct an ER diagram for a university database that includes entities such as Students, 10
Courses, and Professors.
c) Explain the difference between a strong entity and a weak entity. Provide examples? 5
OR
2. a) Describe the different types of relationships in an ER diagram with examples. 5
b) Construct an ER diagram for an online bookstore with entities like Customers, Orders, 10
Books, and Authors.
c) Explain in detail about Database languages and interfaces 10
UNIT – II
3. a) Explain the following terms with example: Relation, Tuple, Attribute, and Domain? 8
b) Explain about various types constraints in the context of a relational database? Discuss 10
with appropriate example?
c) Apply a relational algebra expression to join two relations and filter the result based on a 7
specific condition.
OR
4. a) Explain the concept of keys, its types and their role in relational databases? 5
b) Make use of SQL query to retrieve data from multiple related tables using JOIN operations. 10
c) Make use query to find the maximum value of an attribute in a relation using relational 5
algebra.
d) Explain about Binary relational operations with an example? 5
UNIT – III
5. a) Describe the SELECT statement and its various clauses (FROM, WHERE, GROUP BY, 10
HAVING, ORDER BY) with examples.
b) Construct a SQL query that retrieves the names of employees who work in the 'Sales' 8
department, have a salary greater than 50,000, grouped by job title, and sorted by
employee names. Include an example dataset and explain each part of the query.
c) Make use of SQL query to find employees who earn more than the average salary in their 7
department.
OR
6. a) Describe the different types of JOINs available in SQL with examples. 10

Page 1 of 2
 b) Explain the syntax and usage of the INSERT INTO statement in SQL. Provide examples of 7
inserting a single row, multiple rows, and inserting data from another table.
c) Describe the DELETE statement in SQL. What are the consequences of omitting the WHERE 8
clause in a DELETE operation? Provide an example to delete specific records and explain
how to delete all records in a table safely.
UNIT – IV
7. a) Explain about functional dependency and its impact on the database? 10
b) Describe the criteria that a table must meet to be in 2NF. Give example. 5
c) Given the following table, identify if it is in 3NF. If not, explain why and show how to convert it to 10
3NF.
CREATE TABLE Students (
Student ID INT,
Student Name VARCHAR(100),
Advisor ID INT,
Advisor Name VARCHAR(100)
);
OR
8. a) Demonstrate the 3NF and BCNF with example. 10
b) Describe about the main informal design guidelines for relational schemas in database 5
design?
c) Given the following table, identify if it is in 2NF. If not, explain why and show how to 10
convert it to 2NF.
CREATE TABLE Orders (
Order ID INT,
Product ID INT,
Quantity INT,
Product Name VARCHAR(100),
Product Price DECIMAL(10, 2)
);

***

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 SRN

4th Semester B.Tech LE (AIML/CSIT/ISE/CSSE) Semester End Examination August 2024

Course Title: Database Management Systems
Course Code: B22CI0403 - 24122406
Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 100
Note:
1. Answer ONE FULL question from each unit.
2. Verify and ensure that question paper is completely printed before answering the question paper.
3. Any queries/discrepancies regarding the question paper, must be brought to the notice of the invigilator
4. Students must check the course title and course code before answering the question paper
UNIT – I Marks
1. a) A company keeps track of employee details using database. Outline the main 10
characteristics of the database approach and how it differs from traditional file systems
with relevant examples.
b) Describe the database design process with a neat sketch diagram 10
c) Define the following: i) Data ii) Database iii) Database Schema iv) Snapshot v) Metadata 5
OR
2. a) Define Entity, Attribute and list various types of attribute with ER notation and examples. 10
b) Design the E-R diagram for keep tracking of AIRLINE database. 10
c) What is Data Independence? Explain Logical & Physical Data Independence. 5
UNIT – II
3. a) Consider the Company database, Appraise the various schema based on constraints that 10
can be applied to a relational model. How these constraints are violated during insert,
delete and update operations.
b) In relational model the operations Select, Project, Division and Cartesian Product are used 10
to form queries. Explain each with suitable example.
c) Define the following: i) Super key ii) Candidate key iii) Primary key iv) Foreign key 5
OR
4. a) Illustrate various types of joins with suitable examples. 10
b) Consider the given Database, Write relational algebraic expressions for the given schema: 10
SAILORS( sid, sname, rating, age)
BOATS(bid, bname,color)
RESERVES(sid,bid,day)
i. Find the name of the sailors, who have reserved red boats.
ii. Find the name of the sailors, who have reserved red and boats.
iii. Find the name and age of the oldest sailor
iv. Find the name of the sailors who have reserved boat 106
c) Explain any two relational algebra operations on set theory with an example 5
UNIT – III
5. a) Explain with example, the basic constraints that can be specified when a database table is 10
created in SQL.
b) Consider the Company Database. Write SQL queries for the given schema: 10
EMPLOYEE(SSN, Name, Address, Gender, Salary, SuperSSN, DNo.)
DEPARTMENT(DNo, DName, MgrSSN, MgrStartDate)
Page 1 of 2
 DLOCATION(DNo, DLoc)
PROJECT(PNo, PName, PLocation, DNo.)
WORKS_ON(SSN,PNo, Hours)

i. For every project located in ‘Stafford’, list the project number, the controlling
department number, and the department manager’s last name, address, and
birthdate.
ii. Retrieve the birthdate and address of the employee(s) whose name is ‘John B.
Smith’
iii. Retrieve the name and address of all employees who work for the ‘Research’
department.
iv. Retrieve the salary of every employee
v. Find the details of employees and number of hours who work on project
“Computerization”.
c) Illustrate SQL query with ‘group by’ and ‘having’ clauses. 5
OR
6. a) Discuss with illustration about nested subquery. 10
b) Consider the following schema for a LibraryDatabase. Write SQL queries for the given 10
schema:
BOOK(Book_id, Title, Publisher_Name, Pub_Year)
BOOK_AUTHORS (Book_id, Author_Name)
PUBLISHER (Name, Address, Phone)
BOOK_COPIES (Book_id, Branch_id, No-of_Copies)
BOOK_LENDING (Book_id, Branch_id, Card_No, Date_Out, Due_Date)
LIBRARY_BRANCH (Branch_id, Branch_Name, Address)

i. Retrieve details of all books in the library – id, title, name of publisher, authors,
number of copies in each branch etc.
ii. Get the particulars of borrowers who have borrowed more than 3 books, but from
Jan 2017 to Jun2017.
iii. Delete a book in BOOK table. Update the contents of other tables to reflect this
data manipulation operation.
iv. Create a view of all books and its number of copies that are currently available in
the library.
c) How are views created and dropped? 5
UNIT – IV
7. a) Explain the informal design guidelines used as measures to determine the quality of 10
relation schema design.
b) Discuss Insertion, deletion and updation anomalies. Why are they considered bad? 10
Illustrate with an example
c) Define Normalization process. What is the need for normalization? 5
OR
8. a) Define Normal form. Explain 1NF, 2NF and 3NF with suitable examples for each. 10
b) Define Functional Dependency with an example. Explain Armstrong’s Inference Rules. 10
c) Explain BCNF with suitable example. 5

***
Page 2 of 2
 SRN

4th Semester B.Tech C & IT (AIML/CSIT/CSSE/ISE) Semester End Examination July 2024
Course Title: Programming with JAVA
Course Code: B22CI0404 - 24122407
Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 100
Note:
1. Answer ONE FULL question from each unit.
2. Verify and ensure that the question paper is completely printed before answering the question paper.
3. Any queries/discrepancies regarding the question paper, must be brought to the notice of the invigilator
4. Students must check the course title and course code before answering the question paper
UNIT – I Marks
1. a) Java is a feature rich language. Explain any 5 features of java and also demonstrate 10
execution procedure of simple java program.
b) Develop a Java program to input 5-digit integer and print the following 10
i. Sum and average of individual digits.
ii. Check whether input integer is palindrome or not.
c) Suppose one of your friends is having trouble compiling their Java program named 5
"CalculateArea.java". They keep getting an error saying "cannot find symbol" for the line
where they declare a variable. Illustrate some common reasons why this error might
occur, and how can they troubleshoot it?
OR
2. a) Compare While loop with for loop and demonstrate with java program to find factorial 10
of a number.
b) Define Arrays and its types. Explain the different methods to create and initialize the 10
types of arrays. Develop a JAVA program to create a bank database with
account_number, customer_name, branch_name, as its members. Create “n” customer
details using array of objects to input the values for data members by reading the input
from the user and display the same. Justify the output for at least 3 objects.
c) Rama wants to initialize a variable randomNumber with a random value between 1 and 5
100. Demonstrate how can he achieve this in Java?
UNIT – II
3. a) Illustrate a class and object; Construct a Book class with attributes title, author, isbn, 10
price; Demonstrate it by using parameterized constructor to assign and display 3 book
details.
b) Illustrate how to implement Static, Default and Private Methods in interface with 10
suitable example.
c) Outline inner class; Demonstrate with simple program. 5
OR
4. a) Demonstrate steps to create and run custom package and how to access from another 10
package.
b) Compare Interface with class. Justify with example program how to achieve abstraction 10
using interface.
c) Explain concept of lambda expression with syntax and example program. 5

Page 1 of 2
 UNIT – III
5. a) Illustrate “final” keyword usage in variable, method and class with suitable example 10
program.
b) Differentiate method overriding and method overloading. Create a java program that 10
demonstrates method overriding.
c) Develop a java program to create own exception for Negative Value Exception if the user 5
enter negative value.
OR
6. a) What is inheritance? How inheritance is implemented in java? Develop a class Book and 10
define display method to display book information. Inherit Reference_Book and
Magazine classes from Book class and override display method of Book class in
Reference_Book and Magazine classes. Make necessary assumptions required.
b) super can be used to refer immediate parent class instance variable, parent class 10
method and parent class constructor ;justify with suitable example program.
c) Enumeration means a list of named constant. Demonstrate program to show the 5
working of values(), ordinal() and valueOf() methods of enumeration.
UNIT – IV
7. a) Demonstrate any 5 ArrayList collection methods with suitable program. 10
b) Develop a program to add 5 integers 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 to a List, Traverse the list using 10
iterator and remove the element if it equal to 30.
c) Generic functions can be called with different types of arguments based on the type of 5
arguments passed to generic method. Illustrate a JAVA program to show the working of
user defined generic functions.
OR
8. a) Define Iterator? Develop a program to iterate array of elements using collections. 10
b) The Java platform includes a collections framework. What is java collection framework? 10
Explain hierarchy of collection framework.
c) Generics helps to create classes, interfaces, and methods that can be used with different 5
types of objects (data). Hence, allows us to reuse our code. Explain restrictions and
limitations of generics.

***

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 SRN

4th Semester B.Tech LE (AIML/CSIT/ISE/CSSE) Semester End Examination August 2024

Course Title: Programming with JAVA
Course Code:B22CI0404 - 24122407
Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 100
Note:
1. Answer ONE FULL question from each unit.
2. Verify and ensure that question paper is completely printed before answering the question paper.
3. Any queries/discrepancies regarding the question paper, must be brought to the notice of the invigilator
4. Students must check the course title and course code before answering the question paper
UNIT – I Marks
1. a) Data types in Java are of different sizes and values that can be stored in the variable. 10
List the different data types in java with neat diagram and explain with example.
b) Variables are the data containers that save the data values during Java program 15
execution. Every Variable in Java is assigned a data type that designates the type and
quantity of value it can hold. Define different type of variable in java. Write a java code
to explain the types of variables.
OR
2. a) Operators in Java are the symbols used for performing specific operations in Java. 10
Illustrate arithmetic and bitwise operators? Write a java code to execute the various
arithmetic and bitwise operations
b) Explain strings and the different ways of creating a string. Develop a program to 10
demonstrate any 5 string functions supported in JAVA
c) How the for loop in java program is checking the condition? Discuss with neat flow 5
chart.
UNIT – II
3. a) Explain in detail about the components and properties of java class with an example 5
program
b) Write a Java program to demonstrate that In both static and non-static methods. 8
c) A package in Java is used to group related classes. Summarize the java packages with 7
suitable java code
d) Compare non static nested class with static nested class 5
OR
4. a) Outline the use of interfaces in java with real time example 7
b) Let’s consider the example of vehicles like bicycles, cars, bikes, etc they have common 10
functionalities. So we make an interface and put all these common functionalities. And
lets Bicycle, Bike, car, etc implement all these functionalities in their own class in their
own way. Write a java code to implement the above.
c) Explain what is lambda expressions in java with an example program 8
UNIT – III
5. a) Build a java code for the following example of inheritance, class Bicycle is a base class, 10
class Mountain Bike is a derived class that extends the Bicycle class and class Test is a
driver class to run the program.
b) Illustrate the syntax to declare enumeration in java. Demonstrate program to show the 5
working of values() and ordinal() methods of enumeration.

Page 1 of 2
 c) What is custom exceptions? Develop a program to demonstrate the use of custom 10
exception
OR
6. a) Identify the various java exception class with neat sketch and explain the types of 10
exception handling.
b) Illustrate finally block with an example program 8
c) Compare throw and throws. Develop a java program to demonstrate the use of throw 7
and throws
UNIT – IV
7. a) Elucidate generic method. Write a java program to demonstrate generic method 7
b) Explain the restriction on generic 8
c) What are wildcards? explain different type of wild cards 10
OR
8. a) Develop a program to illustrate the use of both one type and two type parameter for 7
Generic classes. Justify the program with output.
b) Describe the hierarchy of collection frame work with neat sketch 8
c) Discuss the following with an example program 10
i. Maps
ii. Iterators

***

Page 2 of 2
 SRN

4th Semester B.Tech LE(C&IT/AIML/CSSE/ISE) Semester End Examination August 2024

Course Title: Numerical Methods and Optimization Techniques
Course Code: B23AS0401-24122403
Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 100
Note:
1. Answer ONE FULL question from each unit.
2. Verify and ensure that question paper is completely printed before answering the question paper.
3. Any queries/discrepancies regarding the question paper, must be brought to the notice of the invigilator
4. Students must check the course title and course code before answering the question paper
UNIT – I Marks
1. a) Use the Regula Falsi method to find a real root of the equation 6
x – 2x - 5 = 0. Correct to three decimal places.
3

b) Apply Newton – Rapson method to find an approximate root, correct to three decimal places 6
of the equation x – 3x - 5 = 0 which lies near x = 2.
3

c) Solve the system of equations by relaxation method equations, 6

10𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 𝑧 = 9, 𝑥 + 10𝑦 − 𝑧 = −22, −2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 10𝑧 = 22
d) Solve the following system of equations by using Gauss - Seidel method 7
27 x  6 y  z  85, 6 x  15 y  2 z  72, x  y  54 z  110 taking the initial condition
x(0)  0, y (0)  0, z (0)  0
OR
2. a) Find a root of the equation x log10 x  1.2 , using the regula falsi method. Carry out five 6
iterations.
b) Solve the following system of equations by relaxation method : 6
12𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 31, 2𝑥 + 8𝑦 − 𝑧 = 24, 3𝑥 + 34 + 10𝑧 = 58.
c) Find the root of the equation f ( x)  x3  5 x  1, at x0  0.5 using the fixed point iterative 6
method.
d) Solve the system of equations 20𝑥 + 𝑦 − 2𝑧 = 17, 3𝑥 + 20𝑦 − 𝑧 = −18, 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 20𝑧 = 7
25 by using Gauss - Seidel method.
UNIT – II
3. a) Using Newton’s forward formula find the value of f(1.1) if 6
x 1 1.4 1.8 2.2

f(x) 3.49 4.82 5.96 6.5

b) Using Newton’s divided difference formula, find f(8) given 6

x 4 5 7 10 11 13

f(x) 48 100 294 900 1210 2029

c) Using Lagrange’s interpolation formula, find f(11) from the following data: 6
x 2 5 8 14

y = f(x) 94.8 87.9 81.3 68.7

Page 1 of 3
 d) A curve is drawn to pass through the points given by the following table 7

x 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0

y 2 2.4 2.7 2.8 3 2.6 2.1

Using
(i) Weddle’s rule and,
(ii) Simpon’s 1/3rd rule find the area bounded by the curve, the x – axis and lines x = 1, x = 4.
OR
4. a) The area of a circle (A) corresponding to the diameter (D) is given below: 6
D 80 85 90 95 100
A 5026 5674 6362 7088 7854

Find the area corresponding to the diameter 105 using an appropriate interpolation formula.

b) Find the interpolating polynomial using Newton’s divided difference formula. 6

X 4 5 7 10 11 13
y 48 100 294 900 1210 2028

c) Using Lagrange’s inverse interpolation formula 6

x 2 5 9 11

y = f(x) 10 12 15 19

Find x corresponding to y = 16.

d) Given 7

x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
y = f(x) 2.105 2.808 3.614 4.604 5.857 7.451 9.467
7

Evaluate  f ( x)dx using

1
(i)Trapezoidal rule and ,(ii) Simpson’s 3/8th rule .

UNIT – III
5. a) Show that the intersection of any two subspaces of a vector space V over a field F is also a 6
subspace of V.
b) If  ,  ,  are linearly independent in V(F), prove that the vectors    ,    ,   2   6
are also linearly independent.
c) If 𝑇: 𝑉3 (𝑅) → 𝑉3 (𝑅)is defined by 𝑇(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = (𝑥 + 𝑦, 𝑦 + 𝑧) ,show that T is the linear 6
transformation.
d) Given X1 = (1, 1, 1,1), X2 = (0, 1, 1,1), X3 = (0, 0, 1,1), use Gram-Schmidt process to find the 7
orthogonal and orthonormal basis.
OR
6. a) Prove that the set 𝑊 = {(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧): 𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 4𝑧 = 0} of the vector space 𝑉3 (𝑅) 6
is a subspace of 𝑉3 (𝑅).
b) Show that the set of vectors {(1,0,0), (0,1,0), (0,0,1)} is basis for three dimensional vector 6
space V[R].

Page 2 of 3
 c) Find the matrix of the linear transformation 𝑇: 𝑉2 (𝑅) → 𝑉3 (𝑅)is defined by 6
𝑇(𝑥, 𝑦) = (𝑥 + 𝑦, 𝑥, 3𝑥 − 𝑦) with respect to basis 𝐵1 = {(1,1), (3,1)}
and 𝐵2 = {(1,1,1), (1,1,0), (1,0,0)}.
d) Given X1 = (1, 1, 1), X2 = (0, 1, 1), X3 = (0, 0, 1), use Gram-Schmidt process find the orthogonal 7
and orthonormal basis.
UNIT – IV

7. a) Solve the LPP by the graphical method, Minimize 𝑍 = 5𝑥 + 4𝑦 subject to the conditions 8
𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≥ 10, 𝑥 + 𝑦 ≥ 8, 2𝑥 + 𝑦 ≥ 12, where 𝑥, 𝑦 ≥ 0.
b) Find the basic feasible solution using North west corner method for the following 8
transportation problem.
Cost Matrix:
D1 D2 D3 D4 supply
S1 9 4 6 3 15
S2 2 7 5 8 25
S3 3 4 7 2 10
Demand 20 15 20 10
c) Solve the LPP by simplex method, Maximize 𝑍 = 𝑥 + 11𝑦 subject to the conditions 9
2𝑥 + 𝑦 ≤ 104, 𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≤ 76, 𝑥, 𝑦 ≥ 0.
OR
8. a) Use the Hungarian method to solve the given assignment problem stated in the table. The 8
entries in the matrix represent each man’s processing time in hours.
 I II III IV V 
1 20 15 18 20 25 
 
 2 18 20 12 14 15 
 
 3 21 23 25 27 25 
 4 17 18 21 23 20 
 
 5 18 18 16 19 20 
b) Solve the LPP by the graphical method ,Maximize 𝑍 = 𝑥 + 1.5𝑦 subject to the conditions 8
𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≤ 160, 3𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≤ 240, 𝑥, 𝑦 ≥ 0
c) Solve the L.P.P. by Bigger method, Maximize 𝑍 = 𝑥 + 2𝑦 9
subject to the conditions : 𝑥 − 𝑦 ≥ 3, 2𝑥 + 𝑦 ≤ 10, 𝑥, 𝑦 ≥ 0

***

Page 3 of 3
 SRN

5th Semester B.Tech AIML/CSIT/CSSE Semester End Examination May 2024

Course Title: Computer Networks
Course Code: B20CI0501 - 85183
Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 100
Note:
1. Answer ONE FULL question from each unit.
2. Verify and ensure that question paper is completely printed before answering the question paper.
3. Any queries/discrepancies regarding the question paper, must be brought to the notice of the invigilator
4. Students must check the course title and course code before answering the question paper
UNIT – I Marks
1. a) Network is a connection of multiple nodes and devices. Each device has a dedicated line of 10
connection. Explain various configurations of computer networks with a neat diagram.
b) OSI is primary component for validating computer communication via a networking. 10
Demonstrate the role of OSI layers in computer communication with a labelled diagram.
c) Calculate the Shannon capacity for given scenario of incoming signal (S) with 12 Watts and 5
noise of 1.54 Watts transferred via a series of bandwidth 1.6 Hz
OR
2. a) TCP/IP is a configuration of stack of networking communication protocols. Illustrate with 10
layout design and compare with the OSI model. Also infer, if TCP is recommended over OSI
or not?
b) Signals travel through transmission media, which are not perfect. The imperfection causes 10
signal impairment. Explain the three causes transmission impairments with neat diagram.
c) The internet is a global network connecting millions of computers. Outline briefly the 5
history of the Internet.
UNIT – II
3. a) Is Line Coding a reliable solution for performing communication? Explain with a supportive 10
approaches of Line Coding for a stream of input data set as “11010111100100011”
b) With brief steps make use of CRC for the given message = 1001 and generator bits 1011 and 10
demonstrate following scenarios:
i) Positive Scenario (Reminder 0)
ii) Corrupted bits scenario (Reminder non 0)
c) Compare and contrast between Manchester and Differential Manchester coding. 5
OR
4. a) Frequency-division multiplexing (FDM) is an analog technique that can be applied when the 10
bandwidth of a link (in hertz) is greater than the combined bandwidths of the signals to be
transmitted. Illustrate with diagrams the process of multiplexing and demultiplexing in
FDM.
b) A transmission medium can be defined as anything that can carry information from a source 10
to a destination. Explain different types of guided(wired) transmission media with neat
diagrams.
c) Infer Gateways as networking devise 5

Page 1 of 2
 UNIT – III
5. a) Explain MAC Protocol and its application using a block diagram. 10
b) Bluetooth is a wireless LAN technology designed to connect devices such as telephones, 10
computers, cameras, printers and so on. Illustrate with neat diagrams the two types of
Bluetooth networks: piconet and scatternet.
c) Demonstrate on Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) Satellites. 5
OR
6. a) Analyze IPv4 using a representation of Datagram format and its role in a peer to peer 10
communication for large networking grounds
b) Explain Network Address Translation (NAT) using a case study or example. 10
c) Infer Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) 5
UNIT – IV
7. a) Solve a single source shortest routing protocol principles on the below mentioned graph, 10
with A as source

b) Demonstrate with a supporting diagram the Stop and Wait ARQ protocol. 10
c) Draw and label all the fields of TCP segment format. 5
OR
8. a) Consider the graph shown below, it has a source and route high-lighted for communication. 10
Justify the best shortest path using Bellman Ford approach.

b) Explain the Sliding Window Protocol using Selective Repeat ARQ 10

c) Draw and label all the fields of DNS (Domain Name Service) messages: Query and Response 5
messages.

***

Page 2 of 2
 SRN

5th Semester B.Tech CSIT/AIML/CSSE Semester End Examination May 2024

Course Title: Machine Learning
Course Code: B20CI0502 - 85182
Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 100
Note:
1. Answer ONE FULL question from each unit.
2. Verify and ensure that question paper is completely printed before answering the question paper.
3. Any queries/discrepancies regarding the question paper, must be brought to the notice of the invigilator
4. Students must check the course title and course code before answering the question paper
UNIT – I Marks
1. a) What is Machine Learning? Explain the applications of Machine learning. 10
b) Demonstrate the following concepts: 6
(i) Choosing the training experience
(ii) Choosing the target function
(iii) Choosing a function approximation algorithm
c) Illustrate the methods in Machine Learning. 9
OR
2. a) Illustrate the main challenges of machine learning 10
b) Critically evaluate the impact of using different performance metrics in machine learning 6
on decision-making processes within an organization.
c) Examine the significance of data preprocessing in the context of machine learning. 9
UNIT – II
3. a) Construct Decision tree for the following data using ID3 algorithm. 15

Day A1 A2 A3 Classification
1 True Hot High No
2 True Hot High No
3 False Hot High Yes
4 False Cool Normal Yes
5 False Cool Normal Yes
6 True Cool High No
7 True Hot High No
8 True Hot Normal Yes
9 False Cool Normal Yes
10 False Cool High No

b) With an example, Illustrate K-nearest neighbor learning algorithm. 10

OR

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4. a) The following data gives data about stolen vehicles. Using Naïve bayes classifier, classify 10
the new data.
Color Type Origin Stolen
Red Sports Domestic Yes
Red Sports Domestic No
Red Sports Domestic Yes
Yellow Sports Domestic No
Yellow Sports Imported Yes
Yellow SUV Imported No
Yellow SUV Imported Yes
Yellow SUV Domestic No
Red SUV Imported No
Red Sports Imported Yes

b) Explain the concept of Support Vector Machine. With a code Snippet in python, Illustrate 8
the implementation of Support Vector Machine.
c) With an example, Illustrate Random Forest Algorithm. 7
UNIT – III
5. a) Explain K-Means Clustering Algorithm with an example. What are its Limitations. 8
b) Outline Agglomerative Hierarchical clustering algorithm, with different proximity clusters. 7
c) Apply linear regression to a given dataset of housing prices. Choose appropriate features, 10
interpret the coefficients, and predict housing prices for new data points. Discuss the
practical implications of the model's predictions.
OR
6. a) Demonstrate DBSCAN algorithm for clustering. 8
b) Illustrate Meanshift clustering algorithm 7
c) Train a random forest regression model on a dataset predicting energy consumption. 10
Analyze and interpret the feature important scores. Discuss how these scores can guide
decision-makers in identifying key factors influencing energy consumption patterns.
UNIT – IV
7. a) Imagine the most famous humanoid Robot Sophia and human by name Suman. Sophia 10
works with Artificial Neural Networks and Suman being human with Biological Neural
Networks. Illustrate how Sophia and Suman differ with respect to the characteristics
speed, size and complexity, storage and fault tolerance. Also list some commercial
practical applications of ANN.2
b) In Artificial neural networks, activation functions are one of the important concepts. They 8
may be used to calculate the output response of a neuron. There may be linear as well as
nonlinear activation functions. Describe and analyze the various linear and nonlinear
activation functions with necessary mathematical equations and diagram
c) Explain the characteristics of Back Propagation algorithm. 7

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 OR
8. a) Sometimes in training the neural networks along with a series of sample inputs and 10
comparing the output with the expected responses, the neural networks are classified as
supervised training, unsupervised training and reinforcement training. Describe and justify
how these training methods are different. Give examples for each of these training
methods
b) Explain Gradient Descent algorithm and discuss its various types. 7
c) Demonstrate the applications of Neural Networks which is used for learning to steer an 8
autonomous vehicle.

***

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 SRN

5th Semester B.Tech AIML Semester End Examination May 2024

Course Title: Computer Vision
Course Code: B20EA0501 - 85181
Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 100
Note:
1. Answer ONE FULL question from each unit.
2. Verify and ensure that question paper is completely printed before answering the question paper.
3. Any queries/discrepancies regarding the question paper, must be brought to the notice of the invigilator
4. Students must check the course title and course code before answering the question paper
UNIT – I Marks
1. a) What is Digital Image Processing and examine how is it different from traditional image 10
processing techniques?
b) How is digital image processing used in computer vision and machine learning, and explain 10
some key steps involved in training a model to perform image classification or object
detection?
c) Explain how digital image processing uses in the field of robotics for object recognition and 5
tracking?
OR
2. a) How are software algorithms and programming languages used to implement image 10
processing tasks, and explain some common tools and frameworks used for this purpose?
b) What is the relationship between sampling rate and image resolution, and examine how 10
does this affect the quality of the resulting digital image?
c) Suppose you have an image that contains a diagonal line that goes from the top left corner 5
to the bottom right corner. Discover how many pixels will be adjacent to each other along
the line, and what will be the relationship between the colors of those pixels?
UNIT – II
3. a) Consider an image with a lot of noise, where small variations in pixel values make it difficult 10
to distinguish features in the image. Identify the type of intensity transformation function
might you use to reduce the noise and enhance the image's clarity?
b) A medical researcher is analyzing microscope images of biological samples and needs to 10
improve the visibility of fine structures within the images. Examine types of sharpening
(high pass) filters might be most appropriate for this task, and what factors should they
consider when selecting and applying the filter to the images?
c) What is histogram equalization, and how can it be used to improve the contrast of an 5
image?
OR
4. a) Consider an image that has been down sampled, meaning it has been reduced in size by 8
removing pixels. Illustrate the type of smoothing (lowpass) filter might you use to reduce
the loss of detail caused by down sampling.

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 b) A forensic analyst is working with a low-resolution surveillance image that contains 8
important details but is too blurry to identify the key features. How can high pass frequency
domain filters be used to sharpen the image and make the details more visible, and what
parameters of the filters should be adjusted to optimize the results?
c) An image is degraded by a blur caused by an out-of-focus camera lens. Examine how can 9
the Fourier transform be used to restore the image by removing the blur, and what
challenges might arise during the restoration process?
UNIT – III
5. a) In imaging, noise emerges as an artifact in the image that appears as a grainy structure 13
covering the image. discuss different types of noises can appear in the image.
b) Discover some of the band reject filters which is helpful for removing noise. 12
OR
6. a) Noise in an image is the presence of artifacts that do not originate from the original scene 10
content. Generally, noise is a statistical variation of a measurement created by a random
process. Explain Speckle Noise and Poisson Noise.
b) Compare the difference between bandpass filter and band reject filter 10
c) Analyze the gaussian noise with example 5
UNIT – IV
7. a) The skeleton features of objects can be obtained using dilation and erosion techniques. 10
Distinguish erosion and dilation techniques. Give example for each technique.
b) Describe the segmentation technique with the help of python program. 10
c) Explain the following color image processing techniques. 5
- Pseudo color image processing
- Full color image processing
OR
8. a) Color features of images play significant role in object detection and recognition tasks, can 13
you discover various color models of images.
b) Demonstrate Edge detection technique with the help of program. 12

***

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 SRN

5th Semester B.Tech AIML Semester End Examination May 2024

Course Title: Virtualization and Cloud Computing
Course Code: B20EA0502 - 85184
Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 100
Note:
1. Answer ONE FULL question from each unit.
2. Verify and ensure that question paper is completely printed before answering the question paper.
3. Any queries/discrepancies regarding the question paper, must be brought to the notice of the invigilator
4. Students must check the course title and course code before answering the question paper
UNIT – I Marks
1. a) Describe cloud computing with reference to increased scalability. List the goals and 10
benefits of cloud and explain with neat diagrams.
b) Discuss the concept of business drivers and explain primary business drivers that fostered 10
modern cloud-based technology. Also explain the common benefits associated with
adopting cloud computing.
c) Discuss the most critical cloud computing challenges pertaining to cloud consumers of the 5
public clouds.
OR
2. a) With neat block diagrams, describe the concept of cloud delivery models. 10
b) Discuss brief history of cloud computing. Also define cloud computing with reference to
Forrester Research, NIST and standard concise definition. 10
c) State and explain the different cloud deployment models. 5
UNIT – II
3. a) Illustrate Data Center Technology with respect to the following: 10
(i) High Availability
(ii) Security-aware design, Operation and Management
(iii) Facilities
(iv) Computing Hardware
(v) Standardization and Modularity
b) Discuss the concept of Data Center Technology and explain the technologies and 10
components that comprises data centers
c) Describe the following terminologies: 5
(i) REST Services
(ii) Service Agents
(iii) Service Middleware
OR
4. a) Discuss the Technical and Business Considerations in cloud: 10
(i) Connectivity Issues
(ii) Network Bandwidth and Latency Issues
(iii) Cloud Carrier and Cloud Provider Selection

Page 1 of 2
 b) Identify the common characteristics of multitenant applications and explain them. 10
c) Differentiate between On-premise IT resources and Cloud-based IT resources. 5
UNIT – III
5. a) Illustrate the concept of a Virtual server with neat sketches and also explain how virtual 10
servers are created via hypervisor and VIM (Virtualization Infrastructure Management).
b) Explain the concepts of Resource Management Systems and Billing Management Systems 10
with neat sketches.
c) Outline the mechanism of Audit monitor in cloud with neat diagram. 5
OR
6. a) Explain the concept of Resource Replication in cloud with neat sketches. 10
b) Discuss the concept of Load Balancer with respect to: 10
(i) Asymmetric distribution
(ii) Workload prioritization
(iii) Content-aware distribution
c) Illustrate the mechanism of SLA management mechanism with neat diagram. 5
UNIT – IV
7. a) Xen is a microkernel hypervisor, which separates the policy from the mechanism. Draw 10
and explain the architecture of Xen.
b) Explain OS-Level Virtualization. Also discuss on advantages and disadvantages of OS 10
Extensions.
c) Memory can be virtualized so that requirements of storage for huge number of consumers 5
can be fulfilled. Describe how memory can be virtualized using two level mapping diagram
OR
8. a) Illustrate Xen hypervisor, along with the Xen architecture’s special domain 0 for control 10
and I/O, and several guest domains for user applications.
b) Explain how CPU can be virtualized using example of Intel hardware- assisted CPU 10
virtualization
c) Describe on following terms: 5
(i) Full Virtualization
(ii) Host-Based Virtualization

***

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 SRN

5th Semester B.Tech AIML Semester End Examination May 2024

Course Title: Introduction to Robotics and Drones
Course Code: B20EKS501 - 85185
Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 100
Note:
1. Answer ONE FULL question from each unit.
2. Verify and ensure that question paper is completely printed before answering the question paper.
3. Any queries/discrepancies regarding the question paper, must be brought to the notice of the invigilator
4. Students must check the course title and course code before answering the question paper
UNIT – I Marks
1. a) Compare the various attributes of robot with those of human being along with the 10
explanation of an industrial robot elements (components) with a neat sketch.
b) Illustrate the different types of joints with a neat diagram. 10
c) Depict the following 5
(i) Asimov’s laws (ii) Benefits of Robots
OR
2. a) Elaborate the important specifications one should look forward when choosing between 7
different types of Robot?
b) Distinguish between different types of hydraulic system with respect to their 10
characteristics.
c) Sketch a robot wrist and explain it’s joint movements 4
d) Outline the advantages and dis-advantages of hydraulic drive 4
UNIT – II
3. a) Demonstrate in detail about Magnetic gripper with neat sketch. 10
b) Illustrate in detail different types of gripper mechanism with a neat diagram 10
c) Discuss the following 5
(i) Internal & external gripper
(ii) Function of a Gripper
(iii) Any two Example of End effector as a Tool
OR
4. a) Examine how to grasp the large flat objects with a neat diagram and also mention its 10
disadvantages.
b) What is an End Effector. Explain the different methods used by mechanical gripper to hold 9
objects.
c) Explain the different types of Robot controls. 6
UNIT – III
5. a) Describe the classification of sensors and the factors to be considered for its selection. 10
b) Explain in detail two dimensional transformations with suitable examples. 10
c) Define Kinematics and outline the different types of Kinematics. 5

Page 1 of 2
 OR
6. a) Explain about homogeneous Transformations in Robotics kinematics. 10
b) With suitable sketch, explain the principle of working of the following sensors: 9
(i) Touch Sensor (ii) optical sensor (iii) Tactile Sensors
c) Demonstrate the working principle of Range sensors. 6
UNIT – IV
7. a) Describe the various considerations taken into account for material handling. 8
b) Explain the functions of work cell controller with appropriate examples. 10
c) Interpret the requirements of Robot Spray Coating applications along with its benefits. 5
d) Differentiate palletizing and DE palletizing. 2
OR
8. a) Explain the working principle of Mobile robot cells. 8
b) Illustrate the desirable features of a robot for successful machine tool load/unload 5
applications?
c) Write a note on below stated robot applications
(i) Spray painting 12
(ii) Welding
(iii) Die casting

***

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 SRN

6th Semester B.Tech AIML/CSSE Semester End Examination May 2024

Course Title: Big Data Analytics
Course Code: B20EA0601 – 85191/24121602
Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 100
Note:
1. Answer ONE FULL question from each unit.
2. Verify and ensure that question paper is completely printed before answering the question paper.
3. Any queries/discrepancies regarding the question paper, must be brought to the notice of the invigilator
4. Students must check the course title and course code before answering the question paper
UNIT – I Marks
1. a) Consider factors such as data volume, processing speed, storage capacity, and cost- 5
effectiveness. Evaluate the scalability of the company's traditional BI system compared to a
big data platform in the context of its rapidly expanding business operations.
b) Could you elaborate on the various sources of structured, unstructured, and semi-structured 10
data, detailing their characteristics and examples for each type?
c) Define Big data analytics. Explain the concept of typical Hadoop Environment with a neat 10
diagram?
OR
2. a) Describe the architecture of a typical data warehouse environment, including data sources, 10
ETL processes, and storage layers. With a neat diagram
b) How does the concept of big data align with the 5 V's framework? 5
c) Trace the evolution of big data from its origins to its current state, highlighting key 10
technological advancements and milestones.
UNIT – II
3. a) Discuss the key features of Hadoop that make it a popular choice for big data processing. 5
Highlight aspects such as scalability, fault tolerance, and cost-effectiveness.
b) Outline the features of NoSQL database. Also summarize the various types of NoSQL 10
databases.
c) With an aid of suitable block diagrams, illustrate the steps involved in the anatomy of File 10
Write operation in Hadoop.
OR
4. a) Can you outline the high-level architecture of the Master-Slave architecture in the Hadoop 5
framework, highlighting the roles and interactions of the master and slave nodes?
b) Explain Hadoop Ecosystem with a neat diagram. Also demonstrate the various components 10
available in Hadoop Ecosystem for data ingestion, processing, and analysis.
c) Compare the data storage and processing models of RDBMS and Hadoop. Analyze the 10
scenarios where each system would be more suitable based on their strengths and
weaknesses.

Page 1 of 2
 UNIT – III
5. a) A weather forecasting agency wants to analyze historical weather data from various sources 10
to improve the accuracy of its forecasts. How could MapReduce be used to process this vast
amount of data and generate more precise predictions?
b) In the context of MapReduce, data flows through various stages including mapping, 5
shuffling, and reducing. Outline the data flow for a single reduce task and multiple reduce
tasks in a MapReduce framework
c) Let us say we have a text file sample.txt with following words: Dear, Bear, River, Car, Car, 10
River, Deer, Car and Bear Using MapReduce find the word count. Using a diagram explain
each step followed during MapReduce process
OR
6. a) Shuffle phase in Hadoop transfers the map output from Mapper to a Reducer in 10
MapReduce. Sort phase in Map Reduce covers the merging and sorting of map outputs.
With the help of a neat diagram, illustrate the process of shuffle and sort in classic
MapReduce.
b) The combiner function is an optional intermediate step that runs on the output of the 10
mapper, before the data is shuffled and sent to the reducers. With the help of an example,
illustrate the functionality of combiner function used in Hadoop MapReduce Programs
c) Imagine you are working on a MapReduce job to analyze website access logs. Each log entry 5
contains the user's IP address, timestamp, and accessed URL. How does the shuffling and
sorting phase help in grouping together log entries from the same IP address and sorting
them based on the timestamp?
UNIT – IV
7. a) Hive supports various primitive and complex data types. Explore the different data types 5
supported by Hive
b) Explain the data types of PIG. Outline the different types of metastores and their relevant 10
functionalities that are used by Hive
c) In Hive, data units are organized into tables, which are then further subdivided into 10
partitions and buckets. Let's break down each of these data units: Explain the Data units of
Hive and also infer the usage of Partitioning and Bucketing with an example and diagram
OR
8. a) What is Pig? Explain the Anatomy of Pig 5
b) Create a data file for below schema: Customer: CustomerID, CustomerName, LifeTimeValue 10
Write a Pig Script to split customers for reward program based on their life time values by
considering the below input data. i. If Life Time Value is >1000 and <=20000 → Silver
Program ii. If Life Time Value is >20000 → Gold Program
CustomerID, CustomerName, LifeTimeValue
1, Alice, 1500
2, Bob, 8000
3, Charlie, 25000
4, David, 500
5, Eve, 18000
c) What is Apache PIG? Why we should use Apache PIG? Explain execution of PIG Latin script in 10
detail with an aid of diagram, Enumerate the DDL and DML statements that are used in Hive.
***
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 SRN

6th Semester B.Tech AIML/ISE/CSSE Semester End Examination May 2024

Course Title: Neural Networks and Deep Learning
Course Code: B20EA0603/B20EJS606 – 85192/ 24121601/ 24421604
Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 100
Note:
1. Answer ONE FULL question from each unit.
2. Verify and ensure that the question paper is completely printed before answering the question paper.
3. Any queries/discrepancies regarding the question paper, must be brought to the notice of the invigilator
4. Students must check the course title and course code before answering the question paper
UNIT – I Marks
1. a) Explain the basic architecture of a feedforward neural network. Describe the role of input, 10
hidden, and output layers in information processing
b) Explain the concept of gradient descent optimization algorithms in the context of neural 10
network training. Compare and contrast stochastic gradient descent (SGD), mini-batch
gradient descent, and batch gradient descent.
c) Explain the concept of hyperparameters in Artificial Neural Networks. Provide examples of 5
common hyperparameters and their impact on network performance
OR
2. a) Discuss the concept of activation functions in neural networks. Provide examples of 10
commonly used activation functions and explain their significance
b) Describe the role of regularization techniques such as L1 and L2 regularization in 10
preventing overfitting in neural networks. Provide mathematical formulations for each
regularization method
c) Describe the structure and function of a perceptron. How does it differ from a biological 5
neuron?
UNIT – II
3. a) Describe the architecture of a typical Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and its 10
components.
b) Discuss the role of pooling layers in Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and the types 10
of pooling commonly used.
c) What is the primary advantage of using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) over 5
traditional neural networks for image recognition tasks?
OR
4. a) Explain the concept of convolution in Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and its 10
significance in image processing tasks.
b) Explain the role of activation functions in Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and 10
provide examples of commonly used activation functions.
c) Discuss the concept of transfer learning in Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and its 5
benefits.

Page 1 of 2
 UNIT – III
5. a) Explain the architecture of a Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) and its components. 10
b) Compare and contrast Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) with Convolutional Neural 10
Networks (CNNs), highlighting their strengths and weaknesses.
c) Discuss the role of the output gate in Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks. 5
OR
6. a) What is the vanishing gradient problem in Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), and how 10
does it affect training?
b) Discuss the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) architecture and its advantages over 10
traditional Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs).
c) Explain the architecture of a Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) cell and its key components. 5
UNIT – IV
7. a) What is the primary objective of a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) and how does it 10
differ from traditional neural network models?
b) Describe the architecture of a Denoising Autoencoder. Explain the role of each component 10
c) What is the primary objective of a Graph Neural Network (GNN) and how does it differ 5
from traditional neural networks?
OR
8. a) Describe the architecture of a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) and the role of each 10
component.
b) What is the fundamental objective of an autoencoder and how does it differ from other 10
generative models like GANs?
c) What are some common tasks that Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are used for? 5

`***

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 SRN

6th Semester B.Tech AIML Semester End Examination May 2024

Course Title: Knowledge Representation and Reasoning
Course Code: B20EAS601 - 24121603
Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 100
Note:
1. Answer ONE FULL question from each unit.
2. Verify and ensure that question paper is completely printed before answering the question paper.
3. Any queries/discrepancies regarding the question paper, must be brought to the notice of the invigilator
4. Students must check the course title and course code before answering the question paper
UNIT – I Marks
1. a) Frame is a record like structure which consists of a collection of attributes and its values to 10
describe an entity in the world. Illustrate with an example the frame-based knowledge
based technique.
b) Terminological Facts support common and useful inferences among the predicate and 10
function symbols of the domains like the soap-opera world. Discuss various Terminological
Facts with examples
c) Explain the role of quantifiers (∀, ∃) in expressing general statements and their limitations. 5
OR
2. a) Knowledge representation and reasoning is the part of Artificial intelligence which is 10
concerned with AI agents thinking and how thinking contributes to intelligent behavior of
agents. Discuss four ways of knowledge representation Techniques with examples.
b) Complex sentences are made by combining atomic sentences using connectives. Explain 10
complex sentences in First Order Logic (FOL) with an example.
c) Illustrate the knowledge "Dogs are mammals and some mammals are pets" using 5
predicate logic notation with variables.
UNIT – II
3. a) Soap opera world is a domain that represents the complexity of human relations and the 10
kind of behaviors that regular people have in that domain. With an example of soap opera
domain explain the vocabulary to be used to create a Knowledge Base (KB).
b) For the given statements write the suitable quantifiers 10
i. All man drink coffee. ii. Some boys are intelligent
iii. Every man respects his parent. Iv. Some boys play cricket.
c) Explain the significance of Horn clauses in the context of resolution-based inference. 5
OR
4. a) Discuss in detail about Production system using IF – THEN Rules to Solve the Water Jug 10
problem: you are given 2 jugs, a 4-gallon one and 3-gallon one. Neither has any measuring
maker on it. How can you get exactly 2 gallons of water into 4-gallon jug?
b) Explain the process of Forward chaining in rule-based systems. Discuss with following 10
example.
Rule1: If A and C then F
Rule2: If A and E then G

Page 1 of 2
 Rule3: If B then E
Rule4: If G then D Prove “If A and B True, then D is True”
c) Discuss the advantages and limitations of production systems compared to other 5
approaches in knowledge-based systems.
UNIT – III
5. a) Frames are a fundamental concept in artificial intelligence and knowledge representation, 10
used to organize and store information about objects, concepts, or entities in a structured
manner. Explain the difference between generic frames and individual frames. Provide
examples to illustrate each type and discuss the significance of the :INSTANCE-OF and :IS-A
slots in these frames.

b) Discuss the importance of internal structure in noun phrases for capturing more nuanced 10
concepts, such as "a hunter-gatherer" or "a man whose children are all female."
c) Define the four types of logical symbols in the Description Logic (DL) language. 5
OR
6. a) Entailment (⊨) refers to the relationship between two statements where the truth of one 10
statement logically guarantees the truth of another statement. Explain how entailment is
determined in Description Logic (DL), considering a set of sentences S and an individual
sentence α, and discuss the condition for logical validity.
b) In Description Logics (DL), normalization refers to the process of transforming a knowledge 10
base or ontology into a standard form that adheres to certain conventions and guidelines.
Explain the concept of normalization in Description Logics (DL), highlighting its purpose
and key steps involved.
c) Define credulous reasoning, skeptical reasoning, and ideally skeptical reasoning in the 5
context of inheritance networks
UNIT – IV
7. a) Noncategorical reasoning refers to a type of reasoning that involves dealing with 10
uncertainty, vagueness, or partial information rather than absolute, categorical facts. How
can noncategorical reasoning be integrated into logical structures, and discuss the key
differences between objective probabilities, subjective probabilities, and vague predicates
in this context?

b) Explain the concept of vagueness in predicates and provide examples to illustrate how 10
vague predicates can be understood in degrees. How does the notion of degree curves
help in representing vague predicates such as "tall," "short," "very tall," and “fairly tall”?
c) Discuss the applications of Bayesian networks in various fields or domains. 5
OR
8. a) Illustrate with an example of how can you formulate the planning task for the robot in the 10
depicted simple world using the situation calculus?
b) Compare and contrast the strategies of avoiding redundant search and application- 10
dependent control in planning tasks. Discuss with examples how these strategies impact
the efficiency and effectiveness of planning systems.
c) Compare and contrast regressive planning with progressive planning in the context of 5
solving planning problems.
***

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 SRN

6th Semester B.Tech AIML Semester End Examination May 2024

Course Title: Predictive Analytics using R
Course Code: B20EAS606 – 24121605/ 85195
Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 100
Note:
1. Answer ONE FULL question from each unit.
2. Verify and ensure that question paper is completely printed before answering the question paper.
3. Any queries/discrepancies regarding the question paper, must be brought to the notice of the invigilator
4. Students must check the course title and course code before answering the question paper
UNIT – I Marks
1. a) Provide examples of statistical learning techniques and algorithms commonly used in 8
predictive modeling and classification tasks.
b) Discuss the importance of data management techniques and indexing in efficient data 7
retrieval and manipulation
c) Describe the four levels of measurement (nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio) and provide 10
examples of variables that fit into each level.
OR
2. a) Define measures of central tendency and provide formulas for calculating the mean, 10
median, and mode. Explain with an example.
b) Explain how histograms and boxplots assist in comprehending data distributions? Please 8
provide examples of each type of visualization created using R.
c) Explain how is data prepared for analysis by handling missing values, inconsistencies, etc.? 7
UNIT – II
3. a) A school district is interested in examining whether there is a relationship between 10
students preferred learning styles and their academic performance in mathematics. The
district categorizes learning styles into three types: Visual, Auditory, and Kinesthetic.
Academic performance is categorized into three levels: Below Average, Average, and
Above Average.
To investigate this relationship, the district randomly selects 380 students and asks them
about their preferred learning styles and their recent mathematics grades.
Question:
Based on the collected data, the contingency table is as follows:
Below Average Above
Average Average
Visual 40 60 30
Auditory 30 50 40
Kinesthetic 50 40 40
Conduct a chi-square hypothesis test to determine whether there is a significant
relationship between students' preferred learning styles and their academic performance
in mathematics. Use a significance level of 0.05.

Page 1 of 3
 Reference:

b) With an example discuss principal functions for reading and writing data into R. 8
c) What is subsetting in R? Provide examples of how you would subset a vector and a data 7
frame.
OR
4. a) Discuss the purpose and usage of control structure in R. 10
b) Create a bar graph in R using both base graphics and ggplot2. Compare and contrast the 8
two approaches.
c) Explain the concept of correlation in statistics. Interpret the meaning of a correlation 7
coefficient of 0.75 between two variables.
UNIT – III
5. a) Use the k-means algorithm and Euclidean distance to cluster the following 8 examples into 10
3 clusters: A1=(2,10), A2=(2,5), A3=(8,4), A4=(5,8), A5=(7,5), A6=(6,4), A7=(1,2), A8=(4,9).
The distance matrix based on the Euclidean distance is given below:
A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8
A1 0 25 36 13 50 52 65 5
A2 0 37 18 25 17 10 20
A3 0 25 2 2 53 41
A4 0 13 17 52 2
A5 0 2 45 25
A6 0 29 29
A7 0 58
A8 0
Suppose that the initial seeds (centers of each cluster) are A1, A4 and A7. Run the k-means
algorithm for 1 epoch only. At the end of this epoch show
i) The new clusters (i.e. the examples belonging to each cluster)
ii) The centers of the new clusters
iii) Draw a 10 by 10 space with all the 8 points and show the clusters after the first
epoch and the new centroids.
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 iv) How many more iterations are needed to converge? Draw the result for each
epoch.
b) Explain the concept of LASSO regression and how it is used to fit a linear model. 8
c) Describe the concept of Ensemble learning and how Bagging and Boosting techniques 7
improve model performance.
OR
6. a) What are the key characteristics of Random Forest and how does it differ from a single 10
Decision Tree? Explain with an example.
b) Explain how Jake can use Naive Bayes to classify articles into different categories and 8
outline the steps involved in implementing this solution.
c) Compare and contrast Logistic Regression and Decision Trees for classification tasks. 7
UNIT – IV
7. a) Explain the Bag-of-Words model in NLP and its basic assumptions. How does it represent 10
text data?
b) Discuss the advantages of using the mlr package compared to implementing machine 8
learning algorithms from scratch in R.
c) Describe the process of building and training a deep learning model using TensorFlow in R, 7
including data preprocessing, model architecture design, and training.
OR
8. a) Analyze the impact of hyperparameter tuning on the performance of deep learning models 9
trained with TensorFlow in R. Discuss strategies for optimizing hyperparameters
efficiently, considering computational constraints and model complexity.
b) Discuss the importance of feature engineering in the context of machine learning pipelines 8
implemented with the mlr package. Provide examples of feature engineering techniques
and explain how they can improve model performance.
c) How does word embedding (e.g., Word2Vec, GloVe) improve upon traditional Bag-of- 8
Words models? Explain the underlying principles and advantages of word embedding
techniques.
***

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 SRN

6th Semester B.Tech AIML Semester End Examination May 2024

Course Title: Bioinformatics
Course Code: B20EAS607 - 24121606
Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 100
Note:
1. Answer ONE FULL question from each unit.
2. Verify and ensure that question paper is completely printed before answering the question paper.
3. Any queries/discrepancies regarding the question paper, must be brought to the notice of the invigilator
4. Students must check the course title and course code before answering the question paper
UNIT – I Marks
1. a) Outline History and Scope of Bioinformatics and its application. 5
b) Elaborate in details about Biological classification and nomenclature. 5
c) Distinguish in detail Protein structure prediction and engineering and mention their 15
importance.
OR
2. a) Elaborate in detail about WWW and Programming in bioinformatics application. 10
b) Explain in detail database search using of PSI-BLAST tool and its application. 15
UNIT – II
3. a) Evaluate Substitution scores and gap penalties in the sequence alignment method. 10
b) Explain how FASTA and BLAST algorithms are used in database similarity search. 15
OR
4. a) Examine the Evolutionary basis of sequence alignment in detail. 10
b) Explain how to perform Multiple Sequence Alignment using different algorithms. 15
UNIT – III
5. a) Classify the method of secondary structure features prediction of protein sequence. 10
b) Construct the protein structure by homology modeling and initio methods threading. 15
OR
6. a) Illustrate the Gene Prediction tools used in gene sequence analysis and applications. 10
b) List the steps used in Phylogenetic tree construction method and analysis. 15
UNIT – IV
7. a) Explain the types of unsupervised machine learning process. 10
b) Examine in detail how feature extraction presents data to machine learning algorithms 15
mention their importance.
OR
8. a) Summarize how K-means Cluster Analysis method investigates the data structure 10
b) Illustrate the gene regulatory network and casual Gene Network in the machine learning 15
process.

***

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 SRN

6th Semester B.Tech AIML/CSSE Semester End Examination May 2024

Course Title: Advanced Topics in Machine Learning
Course Code: B20EAS609 – 24121607/85196
Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 100
Note:
1. Answer ONE FULL question from each unit.
2. Verify and ensure that question paper is completely printed before answering the question paper.
3. Any queries/discrepancies regarding the question paper, must be brought to the notice of the invigilator
4. Students must check the course title and course code before answering the question paper
UNIT – I Marks
1. a) Compare parametric and non-parametric models in machine learning, outlining their 10
respective strengths and weaknesses.
b) Discuss the concept of overfitting in machine learning, exploring its causes, effects, and 10
implications for model performance.
c) Summarize the concept of Bayesian Statistics, with a focus on Maximum A Posteriori 5
(MAP) estimation and its application in machine learning.
OR
2. a) Discuss the Curse of Dimensionality's impact on machine learning, propose methods like 10
feature selection and dimensionality reduction to mitigate it.
b) Elaborate on the significance of model selection in machine learning, discussing techniques 10
like cross-validation and regularization, and analyze the role of evaluation metrics in
selecting suitable models.
c) Write a Python program to demonstrate the working of Jeffrey's prior and the Beta 5
distribution as a conjugate prior
UNIT – II
3. a) How do interpretability and explainability differ in the context of explainable AI (XAI), and 10
what are the goals associated with addressing the black-box problem?
b) Elaborate on the concepts of Ensemble-Based-Boosted Rulesets and Explainable Boosting 10
Machines (EBM), highlighting their significance in achieving interpretable machine learning
models.
c) Discuss the trade-offs involved in choosing between different types of explanations in 5
interpretable machine learning.
OR
4. a) Outline the goals and strategies of interpretability and explainability in Explainable AI 10
(XAI)?
b) Evaluate and briefly discuss the effectiveness of Ensemble-Based-Boosted Rulesets, 10
Explainable Boosting Machines (EBM), and RuleFit in achieving model interpretability.
c) Briefly discuss on Decision Tree-Based-Optimal Classification Trees with examples. 5
UNIT – III
5. a) Discuss the importance of explainable deep learning techniques like LIME, Occlusion, RISE, 10
and Prediction Difference Analysis for understanding model predictions.

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 b) Discuss the role of gradient-based techniques including Activation Maximization, Saliency 10
Maps, and Integrated Gradients in explaining deep learning models.
c) Elaborate on the concept of Pertubation 5
OR
6. a) Summarize the concept of DeepLIFT, SHAP, and DeepSHAP in the context of explainable 10
deep learning also highlight their importance.
b) Explore the role of Deconvolution, Guided Backpropagation, Layer-Wise Relevance 10
Propagation, and Excitation Backpropagation in explaining deep learning models.
c) Elaborate on the concept of Occlusion 5
UNIT – IV
7. a) Examine the evolution and diverse applications of large language models (LLMs) from 10
seminal research to modern implementations like ChatGPT, LaMDA, and Bing AI.
b) Evaluate the limitations and risks of LLMs, including ethical concerns and biases, proposing 10
strategies for responsible development and deployment.
c) List the advantages and disadvantages of BARD 5
OR
8. a) Briefly discuss the transformative impact of large language models (LLMs) across diverse 10
fields, analyzing their applications in healthcare, finance, and education while evaluating
associated benefits and challenges.
b) Explore the inherent limitations and risks of deploying large language models (LLMs), 10
proposing ethical guidelines and regulatory frameworks for responsible development and
use.
c) Examine the landscape of large language models (LLMs) for dialogue systems, including 5
ChatGPT, LaMDA, and LLaMa/Alpaca, evaluating their effectiveness in natural
conversations and discussing potential applications in human-computer interactions.

***

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 SRN

6th Semester B.Tech AIML Semester End Examination May 2024

Course Title: Business Intelligence
Course Code: B20EAS611 – 24121608/85197
Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 100
Note:
1. Answer ONE FULL question from each unit.
2. Verify and ensure that question paper is completely printed before answering the question paper.
3. Any queries/discrepancies regarding the question paper, must be brought to the notice of the invigilator
4. Students must check the course title and course code before answering the question paper
UNIT – I Marks
1. a) Explain the specific advancements in computerized decision support systems have proven 6
most effective in navigating shifting business environments?
b) Explain the key advantages and limitations of transaction processing compared to analytic 6
processing within the context of BI initiatives, and how do these factors influence
decision-making processes within organizations?
c) Demonstrate the primary strategic objectives that prompt organizations to implement 7
Business Intelligence (BI) programs, and how do these objectives differ across industries
and business sectors?
d) Apply the most commonly used tools and techniques in Business Intelligence (BI), and 6
how do they vary in terms of functionality and application across different industries?
OR
2. a) Choose in what ways can organizations ensure the agility and responsiveness of their 7
computerized decision support systems to accommodate unpredictable shifts in the
business landscape?
b) Interpret the key challenges that arise when integrating computerized decision support 6
systems in rapidly evolving business landscapes?
c) Classify how can organizations effectively balance the operational demands of transaction 6
processing with the analytical requirements of BI programs to achieve optimal
performance and strategic insights?
d) Classify the data visualization and dashboarding play as major tools within BI, and how do 6
they enhance decision-making processes by transforming complex data into actionable
insights?
UNIT – II
3. a) Differentiate the architectures commonly employed in data warehousing, such as the 6
dimensional model, normalized model, and hybrid models, and explain how do these
architectures impact the scalability, performance, and usability of data warehouse
systems in various business contexts?
b) Distinguish the common challenges and implementation issues encountered during the 7
development and deployment of ETL processes, and how can organizations mitigate
these challenges to minimize disruption to their data integration initiatives?
c) Examine the emerging technologies such as cloud-based ETL solutions, data virtualization 6

Page 1 of 3
 and what are the implications for data management strategies within organizations?
d) Conclude the most prevalent challenges and issues faced in contemporary data 6
warehousing initiatives, and how do organizations overcome these obstacles to achieve
successful implementation and utilization of data warehouse solutions?
OR
4. a) Explain the fundamental definitions and key concepts associated with data warehousing, 6
and how do these concepts shape the design and implementation of data warehouse
solutions within organizations?
b) Categorize the processes involved in data warehousing, including data extraction, 6
transformation, loading (ETL), and how these processes contribute to the creation of a
robust and efficient data warehouse ecosystem?
c) Explain how data integration contribute to the effectiveness of the Extraction, 7
Transformation, and Load (ETL) process, and what are the key considerations in ensuring
seamless data flow and consistency across diverse data sources?
d) Explain the specific case studies and examples that highlight successful data warehousing 6
implementations across various industries, showcasing the benefits, challenges faced, and
lessons learned from each scenario?
UNIT – III
5. a) Explain the current emerging trends in business intelligence implementation, and how do 6
these trends, such as augmented analytics, self-service BI, and embedded BI, impact
decision-making processes and organizational performance?
b) Explain in detail about the Development of a business intelligence 6
system.
c) Explain the potential challenges and considerations in establishing and maintaining 7
seamless connectivity between BI systems and diverse data sources, such as relational
databases, data warehouses, cloud-based platforms, and legacy systems?
d) Examine how do organizations ensure data security and compliance when connecting BI 6
systems to databases and other enterprise systems, and what measures are commonly
implemented to mitigate risks such as data breaches and unauthorized access?
OR
6. a) Assess how do organizations effectively integrate business intelligence (BI) solutions into 7
their existing systems and processes, ensuring seamless functionality and maximizing the
value derived from BI implementation?
b) Explain the strategies and best practices can organizations employ to streamline the 6
integration of BI solutions into existing systems and workflows.
c) Explain the emerging concepts such as explainable AI, ethical AI, and algorithmic 6
transparency influencing the development and adoption of BI solutions.
d) Analyze the ethical considerations and privacy concerns arise with the collection and 6
analysis of sensitive data in business intelligence (BI) initiatives, and what measures can
organizations implement to safeguard individuals' privacy rights while still extracting
valuable insights?

UNIT – IV

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7. a) Examine the primary components of Business Process Management (BPM) architectures, 6
and how do these components interact to support the modeling, execution, monitoring,
and optimization of business processes?
b) Evaluate the core components and characteristics of workflow management 7
architectures, and how do they facilitate the orchestration and automation of business
processes across diverse organizational functions?
c) Examine are the key components of a comprehensive overview of business process 6
methodologies, and how do different methodologies.
d) Explain the fundamental principles and concepts that define Robotics Process Automation 6
(RPA), and how does RPA differ from traditional automation methods?
OR
8. a) Explain the methodologies are commonly employed in designing and implementing BPM 6
architectures, and how do organizations select the most suitable approach based on their
specific business needs and objectives?
b) Explain the advantages and challenges associated with implementing flexible workflow 6
management solutions, particularly in industries with complex regulatory requirements or
rapidly evolving market dynamics?
c) Analyze the common approaches used in conducting surveys as part of business process 7
methodology, and how do organizations leverage survey data to identify process
inefficiencies, customer needs, and areas for improvement?
d) Infer the factors should organizations consider when selecting RPA tools, and how do 6
different RPA platforms vary in terms of features, integration capabilities, and scalability
to meet organizational needs?

***

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 SRN

6th Semester B.Tech AIML/ISE Semester End Examination May 2024

Course Title: Information Retrieval System
Course Code: B20EJS601/B20EQ0601 – 24121604/24421602
Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 100
Note:
1. Answer ONE FULL question from each unit.
2. Verify and ensure that question paper is completely printed before answering the question paper.
3. Any queries/discrepancies regarding the question paper, must be brought to the notice of the invigilator
4. Students must check the course title and course code before answering the question paper
UNIT – I Marks
1. a) How does the Vector Space Model (VSM) represent documents and queries? Explain. 15
b) What is ranked retrieval, and how does it differ from Boolean retrieval? 10
OR
2. a) Identify and explain the various models in information retrieval. Give pros and cons for 15
each model.
b) What is query reformulation, and why is it necessary in information retrieval? 10
UNIT – II
3. a) Compare and contrast automatic local analysis with automatic global analysis. 15
b) Classify the key components of a structured query in SQL, and how do they relate to 10
information retrieval?
OR
4. a) Analyze the significance of different text compression techniques. 15
b) Discuss the concept of proximity operators. 10
UNIT – III
5. a) What is the principle behind HCI? How does HCI contribute to enhancing user experience 15
and satisfaction in information retrieval?
b) Enumerate the stages involved in the information access process from a user's perspective. 10
OR
6. a) Discuss techniques for guiding users through the query specification process to improve 15
search accuracy.
b) How does context play a role in information retrieval interfaces? 10
UNIT – IV
7. a) Illustrate the challenges associated with modelling multimedia data, including text, images, 15
audio, and video.
b) Identify the role of relevance feedback mechanisms in improving search results relevance. 10
OR
8. a) Provide examples of indexing methods suitable for different types of multimedia data. 15
b) Show the current trends in multimedia information retrieval research. 10

***

Page 1 of 1
 SRN

Sixth Semester End Examination January 2024

Course Title: UI/UX Design
Course Code: B20EJS603
Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 100
Note:
1. Answer ONE FULL question from each unit.
2. Verify and ensure that question paper is completely printed before answering the question paper.
3. Any queries/discrepancies regarding the question paper, must be brought to the notice of the invigilator
4. Students must check the course title and course code before answering the question paper
UNIT – I Marks CO PO Bloom’s
level
1. a) How would you approach investigating and addressing this issue to 10 1 1-5, L2
improve the product's overall performance and user satisfaction? 6,7,12
b) Examine how would you go about designing and planning the 10 1 1-5, L3
product's behavior to ensure it meets user expectations and 6,7,12
delivers a positive user experience?

c) What are the common reasons why digital products fail to meet 5 2 1-5, 12 L1
their objectives, and how can businesses prevent or mitigate these
failures?

OR
2. a) Demonstrate the businesses effectively apply theoretical models 10 2 1-5, 12 L3
and mental frameworks to improve decision-making processes and
enhance overall performance?
b) Conclude the primary objective of directed design, and how does it 10 3 1-5, 12 L5
contribute to the successful development of products or solutions?
c) Explain the user's goal, particularly in the context of product design 5 3 1-5, 12 L2
or user experience?
UNIT – II
3. a) Categorize the researchers effectively bridge the gap between 10 5 1-5, 12 L3
research and design to ensure that insights from research inform
and enhance the design process?
b) Examine how would you utilize narrative as a design tool to create 10 5 1-5, 12 L3
a compelling user experience that guides users seamlessly through
the application features and functionalities?
c) Describe the process of crafting a vision statement for a business or 5 2 1-5, 12 L3
project?
OR
4. a) How would you approach creating a robust design framework that 10 3 1-5, 12 L2
guides the development of user interfaces, interactions, and visual

Page 1 of 2
 elements to ensure a cohesive and user-friendly experience for
customers?
b) Analyze the form and behavior models of a digital product be 10 3 1-5, 12 L3
refined to improve user experience and functionality?
c) Explain the process of validating and testing a design ensure its 5 5 1-5, 12 L2
effectiveness and user satisfaction in real-world scenarios?
UNIT – III
5. a) Mention role and importance of the scope plane in project 7 4 1-5, 12 L2
management and how does it contribute to project success?
b) Examine significance of the surface plane in design, and how does it 8 4 1-5, 12 L3
influence the overall user experience of a product or interface?
c) Explain the purpose and impact of the structure plane in the design 5 4 1-5, 12 L2
process, particularly in creating intuitive and functional user
experiences?
d) How would you utilize the strategy plane to define clear objectives, 5 4 1-5, 12 L2
identify market opportunities, and align resources to drive business
growth and innovation?
OR
6. a) Evaluate the different categories or classifications of goals that 7 5 1-5, 12 L5
businesses aim to achieve for their growth and success?
b) Analyze the significance of a strategy, especially when applied to 5 5 1-5, 12 L3
business operations and planning?
c) Explain the main components that make up the functionality of the 8 4 1-5, 12 L2
scope plane?
d) Demonstrate the meaning and purpose of functional 5 5 1-5, 12 L3
specifications?
UNIT – IV
7. a) Analyze the role does the skeleton plane play in the design process, 10 6 1-5, 12 L4
and how does it contribute to the overall structure?
b) Examine how does the surface plane influence the user experience 10 6 1-5, 12 L4
and visual appeal of a product or interface?
c) Explain the key considerations in interface design and navigation, 5 6 1-5, 12 L4
and what are the different types of interfaces?
OR
8. a) Explain the key steps and considerations involved in designing a 10 4 1-5, 12 L2
user interface (UI) specifically tailored for a desktop application?
b) Evaluate the fundamental principles and processes involved in the 10 4 1-5, 12 L5
collaboration between UI (User Interface) and UX (User Experience)
design to create a seamless and engaging digital product?
c) Explain the key principles and practices that drive the design of user 5 4 1-5, 12 L2
interface (UI) and user experience (UX) for mobile applications?

***

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