Class 11 Chapter6

Sequence: 𝑎𝑛 = (−1)𝑛 (2𝑛 − 3) → (𝑖)

A sequence is a function whose domain is subset of Put n=1,2,3,4 in (i)
natural numbers. 𝑎1 = (−1)1 (2(1) − 3) = (−1)(−1) = 1
𝒆. 𝒈 𝟐, 𝟒, 𝟔, 𝟖, … 𝑎2 = (−1)2 (2(2) − 3) = (1)(4 − 3) = (1)(1) = 1
𝟏, −𝟏, 𝟏, −𝟏, 𝟏, −𝟏 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑎3 = (−1)3 (2(3) − 3) = (−1)(6 − 3)
𝒂, (𝒂 + 𝒅), (𝒂 + 𝟐𝒅), … 𝒆𝒕𝒄 = (−1)(3) = −3
4
Real Sequence: 𝑎4 = (−1) (2(4) − 3) = (1)(8 − 3) = (1)(5) = 5
If all member of a sequence are real numbers, then it First four term 1,1, −3,5
is called a real sequence. (𝒊𝒗). 𝒂𝒏 = 𝟑𝒏 − 𝟏
Finite Sequence: Solution:
If the domain of a sequence is a finite set, then the 𝑎𝑛 = 3𝑛 − 5 → (𝑖)
sequence is called infinite sequence. Put 𝑛 = 1,2,3,4, 𝑖𝑛 (𝑖)
Note: 𝑎1 = 3(1) − 5 = 3 − 5 = −2
The number 𝑎1 , 𝑎2 , 𝑎3 , … , 𝑎𝑛 are called terms of a 𝑎2 = 3(2) − 5 = 6 − 5 = −1
sequence. And here 𝑎1 = 𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚 𝑎3 = 3(3) − 5 = 9 − 5 = 4
𝑎2 =2nd term ,…., 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑛𝑡ℎ term 𝑎4 = 3(4) − 5 = 12 − 5 = 7
 The last term of the sequence is called its nth First four terms −2,1,4,7
𝒏
term or general term denoted by 𝑎𝑛 (𝒗). 𝒂𝒏 = 𝟐𝒏+𝟏
 Sequences are also called progressions. Solution:

pk
 An infinite sequence has no last term.
𝑛
 We can find a sequence by putting 𝑛 = 𝑎𝑛 =
1,2,3, … in the nth or general term. 2𝑛 + 1
Put 𝑛 = 1,2,3,4, 𝑖𝑛(𝑖)
s.
Exercise 6.1 𝑎1 =
1
=
1
=
1
Question#1 2(1) + 1 2 + 1 3
te
Write the first four terms of the following sequences, if 2 2 2
𝑎2 = = =
(𝒊). 𝒂𝒏 = 𝟐𝒏 − 𝟑 2(2) + 1 4 + 1 5
3 3 3
no

Solution: 𝑎3 = = =
Put 𝒏 = 𝟏 2(3) + 1 6 + 1 7
4 4 4
𝑎1 = 2(1) − 3 = 2 − 3 = −1 𝑎4 = = =
Put 𝒏 = 𝟐 2(4) + 1 8 + 1 9
sy

1 2 3 4
𝑎2 = 2(2) − 3 = 4 − 3 = 1 First four term are 3 , 5 , 7 , 9
Put 𝒏 = 𝟑 (𝒗𝒊). 𝒂𝒏 = 𝟐𝒏
𝟏

𝑎3 = 2(3) − 3 = 6 − 3 = 3
ea

Solution:
Put 𝒏 = 𝟒 1
𝑎4 = 2(4) − 3 = 8 − 3 = 5 𝑎𝑛 = → (𝑖)
2𝑛
Hence −𝟏, 𝟏, 𝟑 , 𝟓 are the first four term of the 𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑛 = 1,2,3,4 𝑖𝑛 (𝑖)
sequence. 𝟏 𝟏
(𝒊𝒊). 𝒂𝒏 = (−𝟏)𝒏 𝒏𝟐 𝒂𝟏 = 𝟏 =
𝟐 𝟐
Solution: 𝟏 𝟏
𝒂𝟐 = 𝟐 =
Put 𝒏 = 𝟏 𝟐 𝟒
𝑎1 = (−1)1 (1)2 = (−1)(1) = −1 𝟏 𝟏
𝒂𝟑 = 𝟑 =
Put 𝒏 = 𝟐 𝟐 𝟖
𝟏 𝟏
𝑎2 = (−1)2 (2)2 = (1)(4) = 4 𝒂𝟒 = 𝟒 =
𝟐 𝟏𝟔
Put 𝒏 = 𝟑 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
First four term are 𝟐 , 𝟒 , 𝟖 , 𝟏𝟔
𝑎3 = (−1)3 (3)2 = (−1)(9) = −9
Put 𝒏 = 𝟒 (𝒗𝒊𝒊). 𝒂𝒏 − 𝒂𝒏−𝟏 = 𝒏 + 𝟐 , 𝒂𝟏 = 𝟐
𝑎4 = (−1)4 (4)2 = (−1)(16) = −16 Solution:
Hence −𝟏, 𝟒, −𝟗, 𝟏𝟔 are the first four terms of the Put 𝒏 = 𝟐
sequence. 𝑎1 − 𝑎2−1 = 2 + 2
⇒ 𝑎2 − 𝑎1 = 4
(𝒊𝒊𝒊). 𝒂𝒏 = (−𝟏)𝒏 (𝟐𝒏 − 𝟑) ⇒ 𝑎2 = 4 + 𝑎1 = 4 + 2 = 6 ∵ 𝑎1 = 2
Solution: Put 𝒏 = 𝟑
𝑎3 − 𝑎3−1 = 3 + 2 ⇒ 4

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Class 11 Chapter 6
⇒ 𝑎3 − 𝑎2 = 5 that sequence of the differences is 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. ..
⇒ 𝑎3 = 5 + 𝑎2 = 5 + 6 = 11 ∵ 𝑎2 = 6 So
Put 𝒏 = 𝟒 𝑎5 = 17 + 7 = 24 ,
𝑎4 − 𝑎4−1 = 4 + 2 ⇒ 6 𝑎6 = 24 + 8 = 32
⇒ 𝑎4 − 𝑎3 = 6 and 𝑎7 = 32 + 9 = 41
⇒ 𝑎4 = 6 + 𝑎3 = 6 + 11 = 17 ∵ 𝑎3 = 11 Thus, the required term is 𝑎7 = 41
Hence 𝟐, 𝟔, 𝟏𝟏, 𝟏𝟕 are the first four terms of the (𝒊𝒊). 𝟏 , 𝟑 , 𝟏𝟐 , 𝟔𝟎 , . . . 𝒂𝟔
sequence. Solution:
(𝒗𝒊𝒊𝒊). 𝒂𝒏 = 𝒏𝒂𝒏−𝟏 , 𝒂𝟏 = 𝟏 We see that the successive multiplying factor are 3, 4, 5
Solution: and conclude that the sequence of multiplying factors is
Put 𝑛 = 2 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
𝑎2 = (2)𝑎2−1 So,
⇒ 𝑎2 = 2𝑎1 𝒂𝟓 = 60 × 6 = 360
= 2(1) ∵ 𝑎1 = 1 𝒂𝟔 = 360 × 7 = 2520
=2 Thus, the required term is 𝒂𝟔 = 𝟐𝟓𝟐𝟎
Put 𝑛 = 3 𝟑 𝟓 𝟕
(𝒊𝒊𝒊). 𝟏 , 𝟐 , 𝟒 , 𝟖 , . . . 𝒂𝟕
𝑎3 = (3)𝑎3−1
⇒ 𝑎3 = 3𝑎2 Solution:
= 3(2) ∵ 𝑎2 = 2 The successive terms in numerator are 1, 3, 5, 7, …. ,
=6 which are the consecutive odd numbers and next terms
are 9, 11, 13.

pk
Put 𝑛 = 4
𝑎4 = (4)𝑎4−1 And the successive terms in denominators are
⇒ 𝑎4 = 4𝑎3 1, 2, 4, 8, …. With common ratio 2, so the next terms are
= 4(6) ∵ 𝑎3 = 6 16, 32, 64.
s. 𝟏𝟒
= 24 Thus, the required term is 𝒂𝟕 = 𝟔𝟒
Hence 1, 2, 6, 24 are the first four terms of the sequence. (𝒊𝒗). 𝟏, 𝟏, −𝟑, 𝟓, −𝟕, 𝟗, .. , . . . 𝒂𝟖
te
(𝒊𝒙). 𝒂𝒏 + 𝟏 = (𝒏 + 𝟏)𝒂𝒏−𝟏 , 𝒂𝟏 = 𝟏 Solution:
Solution: We see that the common difference of odd terms is −4,
Put 𝑛 = 2,3,4
no

so 𝒂𝟕 = − 7 + (−4) = −11
𝑎2 = (2 + 1)𝑎1 = 3𝑎1 = 3(1) = 3 ∵ 𝑎1 = 1 And the common difference of even terms is 4, so 𝒂𝟖 =
𝑎3 = (3 + 1)𝑎2 = 4𝑎2 = 4(3) = 12 𝑎2 = 3 9 + 4 = 13
𝑎4 = (4 + 1)𝑎3 = 5𝑎3 = 5(12) = 60 𝑎3 = 12 Thus, the required term is 𝒂𝟖 = 𝟏𝟑
sy

First four term are 1,3,12,60 (𝒗). 𝟏, −𝟑, 𝟓, −𝟕, 𝟗, −𝟏𝟏, . . . 𝒂𝟖

𝟏
(𝒙). 𝒂𝒏 = 𝒂+(𝒏−𝟏)𝒅 Solution:
We see that the common difference of odd terms is 4, so
ea

Solution:
Put 𝒏 = 𝟏 𝒂𝟕 = 9 + 4 = 13.
1 1 1 And the common difference of the even terms is −4, so
𝑎1 = 𝑎+(1−1)𝑑 ⇒ 𝑎1 = 𝑎+(0)𝑑 = 𝑎
𝒂𝟖 = −11 + (−4) = −15
Put 𝒏 = 𝟐 Thus, the required term is 𝒂𝟖 = −𝟏𝟓
1 1 1
𝑎2 = ⇒ 𝑎1 = = Question#3
𝑎+(2−1)𝑑 𝑎+(1)𝑑 𝑎+𝑑
Put 𝒏 = 𝟑 Find the next two terms of the following sequences;
𝑎3 =
1
⇒ 𝑎1 =
1
=
1 (𝒊). 𝟕, 𝟗, 𝟏𝟐, 𝟏𝟔, . ..
𝑎+(3−1)𝑑 𝑎+(2)𝑑 𝑎+2𝑑 Solution:
Put 𝒏 = 𝟒 We see that the sequence of the successive difference is
1 1 1
𝑎4 = 𝑎+(4−1)𝑑 ⇒ 𝑎1 = 𝑎+(3)𝑑 = 𝑎+3𝑑 2, 3, 4, … so the
Hence,
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
, 𝒂+𝒅 , 𝒂+𝟐𝒅 , 𝒂+𝟑𝒅 are the first four terms of next two differences are 5 and 6.
𝒂
Thus, the next two terms are 𝟏𝟔 + 𝟓 = 𝟐𝟏 and 𝟐𝟏 +
the sequence.
𝟔 = 𝟐𝟕.
(𝒊𝒊). 𝟏, 𝟑, 𝟕, 𝟏𝟓, 𝟑𝟏, . ..
Question#2
Solution:
Find the indicated terms of the following sequences;
We see that the sequence of the successive difference is
(𝒊). 𝟐 , 𝟔 , 𝟏𝟏 , 𝟏𝟕 , . . . 𝒂𝟕
2, 4, 8, 16, … so
Solution:
the next two differences are 32 and 64.
We see that the successive difference of the given terms
are 4, 5, 6 and conclude
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Class 11 Chapter 6
Thus, the next two terms of the sequence are 𝟑𝟏 +
𝟑𝟐 = 𝟔𝟑 and 𝟔𝟑 + 𝟔𝟒 = 𝟏𝟐𝟕
Exercise 6.2
(𝒊𝒊𝒊). −𝟏, 𝟐, 𝟏𝟐, 𝟒𝟎, . .. Question#1
Solution: Write the first four terms of the following
The sequence of the above terms can be written as −1 × arithmetic sequences, if
1, 1 × 2, 3 × 4, 5 × 8, . .. (𝒊). 𝒂𝟏 = 𝟓 and other three consecutive terms
So, the next two terms are 𝟕 × 𝟏𝟔 = 𝟏𝟏𝟐 and 𝟗 × are 𝟐𝟑, 𝟐𝟔, 𝟐𝟗
𝟑𝟐 = 𝟐𝟖𝟖 .
Solution:
(𝒊𝒗). 𝟏, −𝟑, 𝟓, −𝟕, 𝟗, −𝟏𝟏. ..
Solution: Consecutive terms are 23, 26, 29
We see that the common difference of odd terms is 4, so Since,
𝒂𝟕 = 9 + 4 = 13. 𝑎1 = 5
And the common difference of the even terms is −4, so 𝑑 = 26 − 23 = 3
𝒂𝟖 = −11 + (−4) = −15 Now,
Thus, the next two terms are 13 and −15. 𝑎2 = 𝑎1 + 𝑑 = 5 + 3 = 8
Arithmetic progression (A.P) 𝑎3 = 𝑎2 + 𝑑 = 8 + 3 = 11
A sequence {𝑎𝑛 } 𝑖s an Arithmetic sequence or 𝑎4 = 𝑎3 + 𝑑 = 11 + 3 = 14
Arithmetic progression (𝐴. 𝑃)𝑖𝑓 𝑎𝑛 − 𝑎(𝑛−1) is same Hence 5 ,8, 11 , 14 are the first four terms of A.P
for all 𝑛 ∈ 𝑁 and 𝑛 > 1. (𝒊𝒊). 𝒂𝟓 = 𝟏𝟕 and 𝒂𝟗 = 𝟑𝟕
The difference 𝑎𝑛 − 𝑎𝑛−1 𝑖. 𝑒 the difference of two Solution:

pk
consecutive terms of an 𝐴. 𝑃 is called the common Consider 𝑎1 be the first term and d be the
difference and is usually denoted by d.
common difference
Important Note:
Since,
s.
When the common difference (𝑑) of any two
𝑎5 = 17
consecutive terms of a sequence is same, then this
⇒ 𝑎1 + (5 − 1)𝑑 = 17
te
sequence will be called an Arithmetic sequence”
⇒ 𝑎1 + 4𝑑 = 17 . . . (𝑖)
Rule for the nth term of an A.P
𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 Also,
no

Proof: 𝑎9 = 37
We know that ⇒ 𝑎1 + (9 − 1)𝑑 = 37
⇒ 𝑎1 + 8𝑑 = 37 . . . (𝑖𝑖)
𝑎𝑛 − 𝑎𝑛−1 = 𝑑 𝑛 > 1
Subtracting (𝑖) from (𝑖𝑖)
sy

𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎𝑛−1 + 𝑑 → (𝑖)
Put 𝑛 = 2,3,4, … . 𝑖𝑛 (𝑖)𝑤𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡 𝑎1 + 4𝑑 = 17
𝑎2 = 𝑎1 + 𝑑 = 𝑎1 + 2(2 − 1)𝑑 → (𝑖𝑖) 𝑎1 + 8𝑑 = 37
− − −
ea

𝑎3 = 𝑎2 + 𝑑 = 𝑎1 + 𝑑 + 𝑑 = 𝑎1 + 2𝑑
−4𝑑 = −20
⇒ 𝑎3 = 𝑎1 + (3 − 1)𝑑 → (𝑖𝑖𝑖)
⇒𝑑=5
𝑎4 = 𝑎3 + 𝑑
 𝑎4 = 𝑎1 + 2𝑑 + 𝑑 = 𝑎1 + 3𝑑
Putting values of d in (𝑖𝑣)
 𝑎4 = 𝑎1 + (4 − 1)𝑑 → (𝑖𝑣) 𝑎1 + 4(5) = 17
From (𝑖𝑖) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (𝑖𝑖𝑖) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (𝑖𝑣) we observe ⇒ 𝑎1 + 20 = 17
That ⇒ 𝑎1 = 17 − 20
⇒ 𝑎1 = −3
𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
Hence proved. So,
𝑎2 = 𝑎1 + 𝑑 = −3 + 5 = 2
𝑎3 = 𝑎2 + 𝑑 = 2 + 5 = 7
𝑎4 = 𝑎3 + 𝑑 = 7 + 5 = 12
Hence −𝟑 , 𝟐 , 𝟕, 𝟏𝟐 are the first four terms of
A.P
(𝒊𝒊𝒊). 𝟑𝒂𝟕 = 𝒂𝟒 and 𝒂𝟏𝟎 = 𝟑𝟑
Solution:
Suppose 𝑎1 be the first term and d be the
common difference
Since,
3𝑎7 = 7𝑎4
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Class 11 Chapter 6
⇒ 3(𝑎1 + 6𝑑) = 7(𝑎1 + 3𝑑) Putting values of d in (𝑖)
⇒ 3𝑎1 + 18𝑑 = 7𝑎1 + 21𝑑 𝑎1 + 4(2) = 16
⇒ −4𝑎1 − 3𝑑 = 0 ⇒ 𝑎1 + 8 = 16 − 8
⇒ 4𝑎1 + 3𝑑 = 0 . . . (𝑖) ⇒ 𝑎1 = 8
Also, So,
𝑎10 = 33 𝑎12 = 𝑎1 + 11𝑑
⇒ 𝑎1 + 9𝑑 = 33 . . . (𝑖𝑖) = 8 + 11(2)
Multiplying eq. (𝑖) by 4 Subtracting from (𝑖) = 8 + 2 = 30
4𝑎1 + 3𝑑 = 0 Question#4
4𝑎1 + 36𝑑 = 132 Find the 13th term of the sequence 𝒙, 𝟏, 𝟐 −
− − −
𝒙, 𝟑 − 𝟐𝒙, ..
−33𝑑 = −132
⇒𝑑=4 Solution:
Putting values of d in (𝑖𝑖) Here,
𝑎1 + 9(4) = 33 𝑎1 = 1
⇒ 𝑎1 + 36 = 33 𝑑 = 𝑎2 − 𝑎1 = 1 − 𝑥
⇒ 𝑎1 = 33 − 36 Since,
⇒ 𝑎1 = −3 𝑎13 = 𝑎1 + 12𝑑
So, = 𝑥 + 12(1 − 𝑥)
𝑎2 = 𝑎1 + 𝑑 = −3 + 4 = −1 = 𝑥 + 12 − 12𝑥

pk
𝑎3 = 𝑎2 + 𝑑 = 1 + 4 = 5 ⇒ 𝑎13 = 12 − 11𝑥
𝑎4 = 𝑎3 + 𝑑 = 5 + 4 = 9 Question#5
Hence −𝟑 , −𝟏 , 𝟓, 𝟗 are the first four terms of Find the 18th term of the A.P. if its 6th term
s.
A.P is 19 and the 9th term is 31.
Question#2 Solution:
te
If 𝒂𝒏 − 𝟑 = 𝟐𝒏 − 𝟓, find the nth term of the Here 𝒂𝟏𝟖 =?
sequence. 𝒂𝟔 = 𝟏𝟗 , 𝒂𝟗 = 𝟑𝟏
𝒂𝟔 = 𝟏𝟗 ⇒ 𝒂𝟏 + 𝟓𝒅 = 𝟏𝟗 → (𝒊)
no

Solution:
𝑎𝑛 − 3 = 2𝑛 – 5 𝒂𝟗 = 𝟑𝟏 ⇒ 𝒂𝟏 + 𝟖𝒅 = 𝟑𝟏 → (𝒊𝒊)
⇒ 𝑎𝑛 − 3 = 2𝑛 − 6 + 1 By (𝒊𝒊) − (𝒊) ⇒ 𝒂𝟏 + 𝟖𝒅 = 𝟑𝟏
= 2(𝑛 − 3) + 1 ±𝒂𝟏 ± 𝟓𝒅 = ±𝟏𝟗
sy

Replacing 𝑛 − 3 by 𝑛 𝟑𝒅 = 𝟏𝟐
 𝒅 = 𝟒 𝒑𝒖𝒕 𝒊𝒏 (𝒊)
𝑎𝑛 − 3 = 2𝑛 + 1
𝒂𝟏 + 𝟓(𝟒) = 𝟏𝟗 ⇒ 𝒂𝟏 + 𝟐𝟎 = 𝟏𝟗
Question#3
ea

𝒂𝟏 = 𝟏𝟗 − 𝟐𝟎 ⇒ 𝒂𝟏 = −𝟏
If the 5th term of an A.P. is 16 and the 20th Noe 𝒂𝟏𝟖 = 𝒂𝟏 + 𝟏𝟕𝒅 = −𝟏 + 𝟏𝟕(𝟒)
term is 46, what is its 12th term? 𝒂𝟏𝟖 = −𝟏 + 𝟔𝟖 = 𝟔𝟕
Solution: 𝒂𝟏𝟖 = 𝟔𝟕
Consider 𝑎1 be the first term and d be the Question#6
common difference Which term of the A.P. 𝟓, 𝟐, −𝟏, . .. is −𝟖𝟓?
Since, Solution:
𝑎5 = 16 Here,
⇒ 𝑎1 + (5 − 1)𝑑 = 16 𝑎1 = 5
⇒ 𝑎1 + 4𝑑 = 16 . . . (𝑖) 𝑑 = 𝑎2 − 𝑎1 = 2 − 5
Also, 𝑑 = −3
𝑎20 = 46 Since,
⇒ 𝑎1 + (20 − 1)𝑑 = 46 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
⇒ 𝑎1 + 19𝑑 = 46 . . . (𝑖𝑖) ⇒ −85 = 5 + (𝑛 − 1)(−3)
Subtracting (𝑖) from (𝑖𝑖) ⇒ −85 = 5 − 3𝑛 + 3
𝑎1 + 4𝑑 = 16 ⇒ 3𝑛 = 5 + 3 + 85
𝑎1 + 19𝑑 = 46 ⇒ 3𝑛 = 93
− − − ⇒ 𝑛 = 31
−15𝑑 = −30
⇒𝑑=2
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Class 11 Chapter 6
Question#7 Suppose −𝟏𝟗 be the nth term of A.P i.e.
Which term of the A.P. −𝟐, 𝟒, 𝟏𝟎, . . . 𝒊𝒔 𝟏𝟒𝟖? Since,
Solution: 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
Given that ⇒ −19 = 17 + (𝑛 − 1)(−4)
−𝟐, 𝟒, 𝟏𝟎, … , 𝟏𝟒𝟖 ⇒ −19 = 17 − 4𝑛 + 4
⇒ 4𝑛 = 17 + 4 + 19
Here 𝒂𝟏 = −𝟐, 𝒅 = 𝟒 − (−𝟐) = 𝟔, 𝒂𝒏 = 𝟏𝟒𝟖
⇒ 4𝑛 = 40
∵ 𝒂𝒏 = 𝒂𝟏 + (𝒏 − 𝟏)𝒅
⇒ 𝑛 = 10
𝟏𝟒𝟖 + 𝟐 = (𝒏 − 𝟏)𝟔
𝟏𝟓𝟎 Thus −𝟏𝟗 is the 10th term of A.P
= 𝒏 − 𝟏 ⇒ 𝒏 − 𝟏 = 𝟐𝟓 (𝒊𝒊). Here,
𝟔
 𝒏 = 𝟐𝟓 + 𝟏 ⇒ 𝒏 = 𝟐𝟔 𝑎1 = 17
Hence 26th term is 148 𝑑 = 𝑎2 − 𝑎1 = 13 − 17
Question#8 𝑑 = −4
𝑎𝑛 = 2
How many terms are there in the A.P. in which
Suppose −𝟏𝟗 be the nth term of A.P i.e.
𝒂𝟏 = 𝟏𝟏 , 𝒂𝒏 = 𝟔𝟖, 𝒅 = 𝟑?
Since,
Solution:
𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
𝑎1 = 11
⇒ 2 = 17 + (𝑛 − 1)(−4)
𝑎𝑛 = 68
⇒ 2 = 17 − 4𝑛 + 4
𝑑=3
⇒ 4𝑛 = 17 + 4 − 2

pk
Since, ⇒ 4𝑛 = 19
𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 19
⇒𝑛= 4
 68 = 11 + (𝑛 − 1)(3) s.
68 − 11 = (𝑛 − 1)3 Which is a rational .Thus 𝟐 is not the term of
 57 = (𝑛 − 1)3 A.P.
57
te
 3
= 𝑛 − 1 ⇒ 𝑛 − 1 = 19 Question#11
𝑛 = 20 If l, m, n are the pth, at and Roth terms of
Hence there are 20 term in given A.P an A.P., show that
no

Question#9 Solution:
If the nth term of the A.P. is 𝟑𝒏 − 𝟏 , find Consider 𝑎1 be the first term and d be the
sy

the A.P. common difference

Solution: Since,
Since, 𝑎𝑝 = 𝑙
ea

𝑎𝑛 = 𝟑𝒏 – 𝟏 ⇒ 𝑎1 + (𝑝 − 1)𝑑 = 𝑙
Put 𝒏 = 𝟏 𝑎𝑞 = 𝑚
𝑎1 = 3(1) − 1 = 3 − 1 = 2 ⇒ 𝑎1 + (𝑞 − 1)𝑑 = 𝑚
Put 𝒏 = 𝟐 𝑎𝑟 = 𝑛
𝑎2 = 3(2) − 1 = 6 − 1 = 5 ⇒ 𝑎1 + (𝑟 − 1)𝑑 = 𝑛
(𝒊). 𝒍(𝒒 − 𝒓) + 𝒎(𝒓 − 𝒑) + 𝒏(𝒑 − 𝒒) = 𝟎
Put 𝒏 = 𝟑
Solution:
𝑎3 = 3(3) − 1 = 9 − 1 = 8
Put 𝒏 = 𝟒 L.H.S = 𝒍(𝒒 − 𝒓) + 𝒎(𝒓 − 𝒑) + 𝒏(𝒑 − 𝒒)
𝑎4 = 3(4) − 1 = 12 − 1 = 11 = [𝑎1 + (𝑝 − 1)𝑑](𝑞 − 𝑟) + [𝑎1 + (𝑞 − 1)𝑑](𝑟 −
𝑝) + [𝑎1 + (𝑟 − 1)𝑑](𝑝 − 𝑞)
Thus, 𝟐 , 𝟓 , 𝟖, 𝟏𝟏. .. is the required A.P.
= (𝑎1 + 𝑝𝑑 − 𝑑)(𝑞 − 𝑟) + (𝑎1 + 𝑞𝑑 − 𝑑)(𝑟 − 𝑝) +
Question#10 (𝑎1 + 𝑟𝑑 − 𝑑)(𝑝 − 𝑞)
Determine whether (𝒊) − 𝟏𝟗, (𝒊𝒊) 𝟐 are the = 𝑎1 𝑞 + 𝑝𝑞𝑑 − 𝑞𝑑 − 𝑎1 𝑟 − 𝑝𝑟𝑑 + 𝑟𝑑 + 𝑎1 𝑟 + 𝑞𝑟𝑑 −
terms of the A.P. 𝟏𝟕, 𝟏𝟑, 𝟗, . .. or not. 𝑞𝑟 − 𝑎1 𝑝 − 𝑝𝑞𝑑 + 𝑝𝑞 + 𝑎1 𝑝 + 𝑝𝑟𝑑 − 𝑝𝑑 +
Solution: −𝑎1 𝑞 − 𝑞𝑟𝑑 + 𝑞𝑑
(𝒊). = 𝟎 = R.H.S
Here, (𝒊𝒊). 𝒑(𝒎 − 𝒏) + 𝒒(𝒏 − 𝒍) + 𝒓(𝒍 − 𝒎) = 𝟎
𝑎1 = 17 Solution:
𝑑 = 𝑎2 − 𝑎1 = 13 − 17 L.H.S = 𝒑(𝒎 − 𝒏) + 𝒒(𝒏 − 𝒍) + 𝒓(𝒍 − 𝒎)
𝑑 = −4
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Class 11 Chapter 6
= 𝑝[𝑎1 + (𝑝 − 1)𝑑 − 𝑎1 − (𝑟 − 1)𝑑] + 𝑞[𝑎1 + (𝑟 − 𝑏 𝑎𝑐
⇒ 2 = 𝑎+𝑐
1)𝑑 − 𝑎1 − (𝑞 − 1)𝑑] 2𝑎𝑐
+𝑟[𝑎1 + (𝑝 − 1)𝑑 − 𝑎1 − (𝑞 − 1)𝑑] ⇒ 𝑏 = 𝑎+𝑏
= 𝑝[𝑞𝑑 − 𝑑 − 𝑟𝑑 + 𝑑] + 𝑞[𝑟𝑑 − 𝑑 − 𝑝𝑑 + 𝑑] + Putting the values of b in eq. (𝒊)
𝑟[𝑝𝑑 − 𝑑 − 𝑞𝑑 + 𝑑] 1 1
𝑑= 2𝑎𝑐 −𝑎
= 𝑝𝑞𝑑 − 𝑝𝑟𝑑 + 𝑞𝑟𝑑 − 𝑝𝑞𝑑 + 𝑝𝑟𝑑 − 𝑞𝑟𝑑 𝑎+𝑏
𝑎+𝑐 1
= 0 = R.H.S = 2𝑎𝑐
−𝑎
Question#12 =
𝑎+𝑐−2𝑐
2𝑎𝑐
Find the nth term of the sequence, =
𝑎−𝑐
2𝑎𝑐
𝟒 𝟐 𝟕 𝟐 𝟏𝟎 𝟐 𝒂−𝒄
(𝟑) , (𝟑) , ( 𝟑 ) , . . .. Hence the common difference is 𝟐𝒂𝒄
Solution:
We first find the nth term of 𝟒, 𝟕, 𝟏𝟎, . ..
Arithmetic Mean A.M
𝑎1 = 4 A number A is said to be arithmetic mean
𝑑 = 𝑎2 − 𝑎1 = 7 − 4 between two numbers a and b if a, A, b are in
𝑑=3 A.P.
So, Thus 𝑑 = 𝐴 − 𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑑 = 𝑏 − 𝐴
𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑  𝐴−𝑎 =𝑏−𝐴
= 4 + (𝑛 − 1)(3)  𝐴+𝐴 =𝑎+𝑏
= 4 + 3𝑛 − 3 = 3𝑛 + 1 𝑎+𝑏

pk
 2𝐴 = 𝑎 + 𝑏 ⇒ 𝐴 =
Hence nth term of the given sequence is 𝑎+𝑏
2

𝟑𝒏+𝟏 𝟐
Thus A.M = 2
( 𝟑 )
s.Note:
Question#13 Middle term of three consecutive terms in A.P
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟐𝒂𝒄
If 𝒂
, 𝒃 and
𝒄
are in A.P., show that 𝒃 = 𝒂+𝒃 is the A.M between the extreme terms.
te
Solution:  The numbers 𝐴1 , 𝐴2 , 𝐴3 , … , 𝐴𝑛 are said
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
Since , , are
𝒂 𝒃 𝒄
in A.P therefore, to be in A.M between a and b if
no

1 1
𝑑 =𝑏−𝑎 = 𝑐−𝑏
1 1 𝑎, 𝐴1 , 𝐴2 , 𝐴3 , … , 𝐴𝑛 , 𝑏 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝐴. 𝑃
1 1 1 1  If
⇒𝑏+𝑏 =𝑎+𝑐
𝐴1 , 𝐴2 , 𝐴3 , … , 𝐴𝑛−1 , 𝐴𝑛 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑛 𝐴. 𝑀′ 𝑠 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛
sy

1+1 𝑎+𝑐
⇒ 𝑏 = 𝑎𝑐 𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑑 𝑏𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛 difference then
2 𝑎+𝑐 𝐴1 = 𝑎 + 𝑑 , 𝐴2 = 𝐴1 + 𝑑 = 𝑎1 + 2𝑑
⇒ 𝑏 = 𝑎𝑐
𝑏 𝑎𝑐 𝑎3 = 𝐴2 + 𝑑 = 𝑎1 + 3𝑑, 𝐴4 = 𝐴3 + 𝑑
ea

⇒ 2 = 𝑎+𝑐 = 𝑎1 + 4𝑑
2𝑎𝑐
⇒ 𝑏 = 𝑎+𝑏 … … … . . 𝐴𝑛 = 𝐴𝑛−1 + 𝑑 = 𝑎1 + 𝑛𝑑
Proved.
Question#14 Exercise 6.3
If
𝟏 𝟏
,𝒃 and
𝟏
are in A.P., show that the Question#1
𝒂 𝒄
𝒂−𝒄 Find A.M. between
common difference 𝟐𝒂𝒄
(𝒊). 𝟑√𝟓 and 𝟓√𝟓
Solution:
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 Solution:
Since , , are in A.P therefore,
𝒂 𝒃 𝒄 Here
𝟏 𝟏
𝒅= 𝒃
− 𝒂 . . . (𝒊) 𝑎 = 3√5 and 𝑏 = 5√5
also A.M.=
𝑎+𝑏
2
𝟏 𝟏
𝒅= 𝒄−𝒃 . . . (𝒊𝒊) 3√5+5√5
= 2
Comparing (𝒊) and (𝒊𝒊) 8√5
1 1 1 1 =
𝑏
−𝑎 = 𝑐−𝑏 2
1 1 1 1 = 4√5
⇒𝑏+𝑏 =𝑎+𝑐
(𝒊𝒊). 𝒙 − 𝟑 and 𝒙 + 𝟓
1+1 𝑎+𝑐
⇒ 𝑏
= 𝑎𝑐 Solution:
2 𝑎+𝑐
⇒ 𝑏
= 𝑎𝑐 𝑎 = 𝑥 − 3 and 𝑏 = 𝑥 + 5
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Class 11 Chapter 6
𝑎+𝑏 3 12 26
𝐴. 𝑀. = 2 𝑨𝟒 = 𝑎5 = 𝑎1 + 4𝑑 = 2 + 4 (7) = 2 + =
7 7
𝑥−3 +𝑥+5 3 15 29
= 2
𝑨𝟓 = 𝑎6 = 𝑎1 + 5𝑑 = 2 + 5 (7) = 2 + =
7 7
2𝑥+2 3 18 32
= 2 𝑨𝟔 = 𝑎7 = 𝑎1 + 6𝑑 = 2 + 6 (7) = 2 + =
7 7
=𝑥+1 𝟏𝟕 𝟐𝟎 𝟐𝟑 𝟐𝟔 𝟐𝟗 𝟑𝟐
Hence , ,𝟕 ,𝟕 ,𝟕 ,𝟕,𝟕 are the six A.Ms.
(𝒊𝒊𝒊). 𝟏 − 𝒙 + 𝒙𝟐 and 𝟏 + 𝒙 + 𝒙𝟐 𝟕
between 𝟐 and 𝟓.
Solution:
Question#4
𝑎 = 1 − 𝑥 + 𝑥 2 and 𝑏 = 1 + 𝑥 + 𝑥 2 𝟏𝟐
𝑎+𝑏 Find four A.Ms. between √𝟐 and .
𝐴. 𝑀. = 2 √𝟐

1− 𝑥 + 𝑥 2 +1+ 𝑥 + 𝑥 2 Solution:
= 2 Let 𝐴1 , 𝐴2 , 𝐴3 , and 𝐴4 are the four A.Ms. between
2 +2 𝑥 2 12
= 2 √2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 .
2 √2
=1 + 𝑥 12
Then √2 𝐴1 , 𝐴2 , 𝐴3 , 𝐴4 , are in A.P.
Question#2 √2
Here
If 𝟓, 𝟖 are two A.Ms between a and b, find a
𝑎1 = √2
and b. 12
𝑎6 = 2
Solution: √
12
Since 5, 8 are two A.Ms between a and b. ⇒ 𝑎1 + 5𝑑 =
√2

pk
Therefor 𝑎, 5, 8, 𝑏 are in A.P. ⇒ √2 + 5𝑑
12
= 2
√
Here ⇒ 5𝑑 =
12
− √2
𝑎1 = 𝑎 √2
s. 12−2
𝑑 =8−5 =3 ⇒ 5𝑑 = 2
√
Now, ⇒ 5𝑑 = 2
10
√
te
𝑎2 = 𝑎1 + 𝑑 2
⇒ 𝑑= 2
⇒5=𝑎+3 √
2
⇒5−3=𝑎 ⇒ 𝑑=
(√2)
no

⇒𝑎=2 √2

𝑎4 = 𝑎1 + 3𝑑 ⇒ 𝑑 = √2
⇒ 𝑏 = 2 + 3(3) So,
sy

⇒𝑏 =2+9 𝑨𝟏 = 𝑎2
= 𝑎1 + 𝑑 = √2 + √2 = 2√2
⇒ 𝑏 = 11 𝑨𝟐 = 𝑎3
= 𝑎1 + 2𝑑 = √2 + 2√2 = 3√2
Question#3 𝑨𝟑 = 𝑎4
= 𝑎1 + 3𝑑 = √2 + 3√2 = 4√2
ea

Find 𝟔 A.Ms. between 𝟐 and 𝟓. 𝑨𝟒 = 𝑎5

= 𝑎1 + 4𝑑 = √2 + 4√2 = 5√2
Solution: Hence 𝟐√𝟐 , 𝟑√𝟐 , 𝟒√𝟐 , 𝟓√𝟐 are the four
Let 𝐴1 , 𝐴2 , 𝐴3 , 𝐴4 , 𝐴5 and 𝐴6 are the six A.Ms. A.Ms. between √𝟐 𝒂𝒏𝒅
𝟏𝟐
.
√𝟐
between 2 and 5. Question#5
Then 2 , 𝐴1 , 𝐴2 , 𝐴3 , 𝐴4 , 𝐴5 , 𝐴6 , 5 are in A.P. Insert 𝟕 A.Ms. between 𝟒 and 𝟖.
Here Solution:
𝑎1 = 2 Let
𝑎8 = 5 𝐴1 , 𝐴2 , 𝐴3 , 𝐴4 , 𝐴5 , 𝐴6 , 𝐴7 𝑏𝑒 7 𝐴. 𝑀𝑠 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 4 𝑎𝑛𝑑 8
⇒ 𝑎1 + 7𝑑 = 5 Then 4, 𝐴1 , 𝐴2 , 𝐴3 , 𝐴4 , 𝐴5 , 𝐴6 , 𝐴7 , 8 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝐴. 𝑃
⇒ 2 + 7𝑑 = 5
Here
⇒ 7𝑑 = 5 − 2
𝑎1 = 4, 𝑛 = 9 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎9 = 8
⇒ 7𝑑 = 3
3 ⇒ 𝑎1 + 8𝑑 = 8 ∵ 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
⇒ 𝑑=7 ⇒ 4 + 8𝑑 = 8
So, 8𝑑 = 8 − 4 ⇒ 8𝑑 = 4
3 17 1
𝑨𝟏 = 𝑎2 = 𝑎1 + 𝑑 = 2 + 7 = Or 𝑑 = 𝑁𝑜𝑤
7 2
3 6 20 1 8+1 9
𝑨𝟐 = 𝑎3 = 𝑎1 + 2𝑑 = 2 + 2 (7) =2+ = 𝐴1 = 𝑎1 + 𝑑 = 4 + 2 = 2
=2
7 7
3 9 23 1
𝑨𝟑 = 𝑎4 = 𝑎1 + 3𝑑 = 2 + 3 (7) =2+ = 𝐴2 = 𝑎1 + 2𝑑 = 4 + 2 (2) = 4 + 1 =5
7 7

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Class 11 Chapter 6
1
𝐴3 = 𝑎1 + 3𝑑 = 4 + 3 (2) = 4 + 2 =
3 8+3
Then 𝑎 , 𝐴1 , 𝐴2 , 𝐴3 , . . . 𝐴𝑛 , 𝑏 are in A.P.
2
 𝐴5 =
13 Here
2
1
𝑎1 = 𝑎
𝐴6 = 𝑎1 + 6𝑑 = 4 + 6 (2) = 4 + 3 = 7 𝑎𝑛+2 = 𝑏
1
𝐴7 = 𝑎1 + 7𝑑 = 4 + 7 (2) = 4 + 2 =
7 8+7
=
15 ⇒ 𝑎1 + (𝑛 + 2 − 1)𝑑 = 𝑏
2 2
9 5,11 6,13 15 ⇒ 𝑎1 + (𝑛 + 1)𝑑 = 𝑏
Hence 7 𝐴. 𝑀𝑠 are 2 , 2
, 2 ,2 between ⇒ (𝑛 + 1)𝑑 = 𝑏 − 𝑎
4 𝑎𝑛𝑑 8. ⇒ 𝑑 = 𝑛+1
𝑏−𝑎

Question#6
Now,
Find three A.Ms between 𝟑 and 𝟏𝟏. 𝑏−𝑎
𝑨𝟏 = 𝑎2 = 𝑎1 + 𝑑 = 𝑎 + 𝑛+1
Solution: 𝑏−𝑎
Let 𝐴1 , 𝐴2 , 𝐴3 𝑏𝑒 three A.Ms between 3 and 11 then 3, 𝑨𝟐 = 𝑎3 = 𝑎1 + 2𝑑 = 𝑎 + 2 (𝑛+1)
𝐴1 , 𝐴2 , 𝐴3 , 11 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝐴. 𝑃 𝑏−𝑎
𝑨𝟑 = 𝑎4 = 𝑎1 + 3𝑑 = 𝑎 + 3 (𝑛+1)
Here 𝑎1 = 3, 𝑛 = 5 𝑠𝑜 𝑎5 = 11
. . . .
 𝑎1 + 4𝑑 = 11 ∵ 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
. . . .
 3 + 4𝑑 = 11 . . . .
 4𝑑 = 11 − 3 ⇒ 4𝑑 = 8 ⇒ 𝑑 = 2 𝑏−𝑎
𝑨𝒏 = 𝑎𝑛+1 = 𝑎1 + 𝑛𝑑 = 𝑎 + 𝑛 ( )
Now 𝑛+1
𝐴1 = 𝑎1 + 𝑑 = 3 + 2 = 5 Now ,
𝐴2 = 𝑎1 + 2𝑑 = 3 + 2(2) = 3 + 4 = 7 Sum of A.M.s

pk
𝐴3 = 𝑎1 + 3𝑑 = 3 + 3(2) = 3 + 6 = 9 = 𝐴1 , 𝐴2 , 𝐴3 , 𝐴4 , 𝐴5 . . .. 𝐴𝑛
Thus three 𝐴. 𝑀𝑠 between 3 and 11 are 5,7,9. 𝑏−𝑎 𝑏−𝑎 𝑏−𝑎
= 𝑎 + 𝑛+1 + 𝑎 + 2 (𝑛+1) + 𝑎 + 3 (𝑛+1) +. . . . +𝑎 +
Question#7 s. 𝑏−𝑎
𝒂𝒏 +𝒃𝒏 𝑛 (𝑛+1)
Find n so that 𝒂 𝒏−𝟏 +𝒃𝒏−𝟏
may be the A.M. 𝑏−𝑎 𝑏−𝑎
= (𝒂 + 𝒂 + 𝒂+. . . . +𝒂) + 𝑛+1 + 2 (𝑛+1) +
between a and b.
te
𝑏−𝑎 𝑏−𝑎
Solution: 3 (𝑛+1) +. . . . +𝑛 ( )
𝑛+1
𝑎+𝑏 𝑏−𝑎
Since we know that 𝐴. 𝑀. = (𝑖) = 𝒏𝒂 + 𝑛+1 (1 + 2 + 3, +. . . +𝑛)
no

2
𝑎 𝑛 +𝑏𝑛 𝑎1 = 1
But we have given 𝐴. 𝑀. = 𝑎 𝑛−1 +𝑏𝑛−1
… (𝑖𝑖)
𝑑 =2−1 = 1
Comparing (𝑖) and (𝑖𝑖) 𝒏=𝒏
sy

𝑎 𝑛 +𝑏𝑛 𝑎+𝑏 𝑏−𝑎 𝑛

𝑎 𝑛−1 +𝑏𝑛−1
= 2 = 𝒏𝒂 + 𝑛+1 [2 2(1) + (𝑛 − 1)(1)]
By cross multiplying 𝑏−𝑎 𝑛
= 𝒏𝒂 + 𝑛+1 [2 (2 + 𝑛 − 1)]
ea

𝑛 𝑛) 𝑛−1 𝑛−1 )
⇒ 2(𝑎 + 𝑏 = (𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎 +𝑏 𝑏−𝑎 𝑛
⇒ 2𝑎𝑛 + 2𝑏 𝑛 = 𝑎𝑛 + 𝑎𝑛−1 𝑏 + 𝑎𝑏 𝑛−1 + 𝑏 𝑛 = 𝒏𝒂 + 𝑛+1 [ (𝑛 + 1)]
2
⇒ 2𝑎𝑛 + 2𝑏 𝑛 − 𝑎𝑛 − 𝑏 𝑛 = 𝑎𝑛−1 𝑏 + 𝑎𝑏 𝑛−1 = 𝒏𝒂 + (𝑏 − 𝑎) (2 )
𝑛

⇒ 𝑎𝑛 + 𝑏 𝑛 = 𝑎𝑛−1 𝑏 + 𝑎𝑏 𝑛−1 𝑏−𝑎

⇒ 𝑎𝑛 − 𝑎𝑛−1 𝑏 = 𝑎𝑏 𝑛−1 − 𝑏 𝑛 = 𝒏 [𝒂 + 𝟐
]
2𝑎+𝑏−𝑎
⇒ 𝑎𝑛−1+1 − 𝑎𝑛−1 𝑏 = 𝑎𝑏 𝑛−1 − 𝑏 𝑛−1+1 = 𝒏[ 𝟐 ]
⇒ 𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑎 − 𝑏) = 𝑏 𝑛−1 (𝑎 − 𝑏) 𝑎+𝑏
= 𝒏[ 𝟐 ]
⇒ 𝑎𝑛−1 = 𝑏 𝑛−1
𝑎 𝑛−1 = 𝒏(𝑨. 𝑴`𝒔 𝒃𝒆𝒕𝒘𝒆𝒆𝒏 𝒂 &𝒃)
⇒ 𝑏𝑛−1 = 1
Hence sum of n A.Ms between a & b is n
𝑎 𝑛−1 𝑎 0 𝑎 0
⇒( ) =( ) ∵( ) =1 times their A.Ms proved
𝑏 𝑏 𝑏
⇒𝑛−1=0
⇒𝑛=1
Question#8
Show that the sum of n A.Ms. between a
and b is equal to n times their A.M.
Solution:
Let 𝐴1 , 𝐴2 , 𝐴3 , 𝐴4 , 𝐴5 . . .. 𝐴𝑛 are the 𝑛 A.Ms.
between 𝑎 and 𝑏.

8|Page
Class 11 Chapter 6
Series Exercise 6.4
The sum of terms of a sequence is called Question#1
series “ Find the sum of all the integral multiples of 3
We know that 𝒂𝟏 , (𝒂𝟏 + 𝒅), (𝒂𝟏 + 𝟐𝒅), . . , 𝒂𝒏 is between 4 and 96 .
an arithmetic sequence. Solution:
So The series of integral multiples of 3 between 4
𝒂𝟏 + (𝒂𝟏 + 𝒅) + (𝒂𝟏 + 𝟐𝒅) + ⋯ + (𝒂𝒏 ) and 96.
Is an arithmetic series. 6 + 9 + 12 + 15 … … + 96
Finite series: Here,
If the number of terms in a series is finite , 𝑎1 = 6
𝑑 = 𝑎2 − 𝑎1 = 9 − 6 = 3
then the series is called series.
𝑎𝑛 = 96
Infinite series:
Since,
If the number of terms in a series is 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
infinite, then the series is infinite series. ⇒ 96 = 6 + (𝑛 − 1)(3)
𝒏
Prove that 𝑺𝒏 = [𝟐𝒂𝟏 + (𝒏 − 𝟏)𝒅]
𝟐
⇒ 96 = 6 + 3𝑛 − 3
Proof: ⇒ 96 − 6 + 3 = 3𝑛
⇒ 93 = 3𝑛
Let 𝒂𝟏 , (𝒂𝟏 + 𝒅), (𝒂𝟏 + 𝟐𝒅), … (𝒂𝒏 − 𝟐𝒅), (𝒂𝒏 −
⇒ 𝑛 = 31

pk
𝒅), 𝒂𝒏 𝑛
𝑆𝑛 = [𝑎1 + 𝑎𝑛 ]
Are n-terms then 2
31
𝑺𝒏 = 𝒂𝟏 + (𝒂𝟏 + 𝒅) + (𝒂𝟏 + 𝟐𝒅) + ⋯ + (𝒂𝒏 − 𝟐𝒅) ⇒ 𝑆31 = [6 + 96 ]
s. 2
31
+ = [102 ]
2
(𝒂𝒏 − 𝒅) + 𝒂𝒏 → (𝒊)
= (31)(51)
te
Re-writing (i) in reverse order = 1581
𝑺𝒏 = 𝒂𝒏 + (𝒂𝒏 − 𝒅) + (𝒂𝒏 − 𝟐𝒅) + ⋯ + (𝒂𝟏 + 𝟐𝒅) Question#2
+(𝒂𝟏 + 𝒅) + 𝒂𝟏 → (𝒊𝒊)
no

Sum the series

By (𝒊) + (𝒊𝒊) 𝒘𝒆 𝒈𝒆𝒕
(𝒊). −𝟑 + (−𝟏) + 𝟏 + 𝟑 + 𝟓 + . . . . + 𝒂𝟏𝟔
𝑺𝒏 + 𝑺𝒏 = (𝒂𝟏 + 𝒂𝒏 ) + (𝒂𝟏 + 𝒅 + 𝒂𝒏 − 𝒅) + (𝒂𝟏
Solution:
+ 𝟐𝒅
sy

+𝒂𝒏 − 𝟐𝒅) + ⋯ + (𝒂𝒏 − 𝟐𝒅 + 𝒂𝟏 + 𝟐𝒅 ) + Here,

(𝒂𝒏 − 𝒅 + 𝒂𝟏 + 𝒅) + (𝒂𝒏 + 𝒂𝟏 ) 𝑎1 = −3
 𝟐𝑺𝒏 = (𝒂𝟏 + 𝒂𝒏 ) + (𝒂𝟏 + 𝒂𝒏 ) + (𝒂𝟏 + 𝒂𝒏 ) + 𝑑 = 𝑎2 − 𝑎1 = −1 − (−3) = −1 + 3 = 2
ea

⋯+ 𝑛 = 16
(𝒂𝟏 + 𝒂𝒏 ) + (𝒂𝟏 + 𝒂𝒏 ) + (𝒂𝟏 + 𝒂𝒏 ) Since,
𝑛
𝟐𝑺𝒏 = (𝒂𝟏 + 𝒂𝒏 ) + (𝒂𝟏 + 𝒂𝒏 ) + (𝒂𝟏 + 𝒂𝒏 ) 𝑆𝑛 = 2 (2𝑎1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑)
+ ⋯ 𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒔 16
⇒ 𝑆16 = (2(−3) + (16 − 1)(2))
𝟐𝑺𝒏 = 𝒏[𝒂𝟏 + 𝒂𝒏 ] 2
𝒏 = 8(−6 + 30 )
⇒ 𝑺𝒏 = [𝒂𝟏 + 𝒂𝒏 ] = 8(24)
𝟐
Put 𝒂𝒏 = 𝒂𝟏 + (𝒏 − 𝟏)𝒅 = 192
𝒏 (𝒊𝒊).
𝟑
+ 𝟐√𝟐 +
𝟓
+. . . . +𝒂𝟏𝟏
𝑺𝒏 = (𝒂𝟏 + 𝒂𝟏 + (𝒏 − 𝟏)𝒅) √𝟐 √𝟐
𝟐
𝒏 Solution:
𝑺𝒏 = (𝟐𝒂𝟏 + (𝒏 − 𝟏)𝒅
𝟐 Here,
Hence proved. 𝑎1 =
3
√2
3 4−3 1
𝑑 = 𝑎2 − 𝑎1 = 2√2 − = =
√2 √2 √2
𝑛 = 13
Since,
𝑛
𝑆𝑛 = 2 (2𝑎1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑)
13 3 1
⇒ 𝑆13 = (2 ( 2) + (13 − 1) ( ))
2 √ 2 √

9|Page
Class 11 Chapter 6
13 6 12 1 1
= ( + 2 ) 𝑑 = 𝑎2 − 𝑎1 = 1−𝑥 − 1−
2 √2 √ √𝑥
13 18 1 1
= ( ) = − 1− 𝑥
2 √2 (1−√𝑥)(1+√𝑥) √
117 1−(1+√𝑥)
= =
√2 (1−√𝑥)(1+√𝑥)
(𝒊𝒊𝒊). 𝟏. 𝟏𝟏 + 𝟏. 𝟒𝟏 + 𝟏. 𝟕𝟏+ . . . . + 𝒂𝟏𝟎 1−1−√𝑥
=
Solution: 1−𝑥
−√𝑥
Here, = 1−𝑥
𝑎1 = 1.11 & 𝑛=𝑛
𝑑 = 𝑎2 − 𝑎1 = 1.41 − 1.11 = 0.31
Since,
𝑛 = 10 𝑛
𝑛 𝑆𝑛 = 2 [2𝑎1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑]
∵ 𝑆𝑛 = 2 (2𝑎1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑)
𝑛 1 −√𝑥
𝑆10 =
10
(2(1.11) + (10 − 1)(0.30)) ⇒ 𝑆𝑛 = 2 [2 (1− 𝑥) + (𝑛 − 1) (1−𝑥 )]
2 √
𝑛 2 √𝑥(𝑛−1)
𝑠10 = 5(2.22 + (9))(0.30) = 2 [1− 𝑥 − 1−𝑥 ]
√
𝑆10 = 5(2.22 + 2.7) = 5(4.92) 𝑛 2 √𝑥(𝑛−1)
= 2 [1− 𝑥 − ]
 𝑆10 = 25.60 √ (1−√𝑥)(1+√𝑥)
𝟏 𝑛 2(1+√𝑥)−√𝑥(𝑛−1)
(𝒊𝒗). −𝟖 − 𝟑 𝟐 + 𝟏. . . +𝒂𝟏𝟏 = [ ]
2 (1−√𝑥)(1+√𝑥)
Solution: 𝑛 2+2√𝑥−√𝑥(𝑛−1)
7 = 2[ ]
−8 − 2 + 1 . . . … … + 𝑎11 1−𝑥

pk
𝑛 2+(2−𝑛+1)√𝑥
= 2[ ]
Here, 1−𝑥
𝑛 2+(3−𝑛)√𝑥
𝑎1 = −8 = 2 [ 1−𝑥 ]
7 7 9
𝑑 = 𝑎2 − 𝑎1 = − 2 − (−8) = − 2 + 8 = 2 s. 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
(𝒗𝒊𝒊). + 𝟏−𝒙 + 𝟏− 𝒙 +. . . . 𝒕𝒐 𝒏 𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒔.
𝟏+√𝒙 √
𝑛 = 11
𝑛 Solution:
∵ 𝑆𝑛 = 2 (2𝑎1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑)
te
1
Here 𝑎1 = 1+
11 9 √𝑥
⇒ 𝑆11 = (2(−8) + (11 − 1) ( )) 1 1
2 2 𝑑= − ,𝑛 = 𝑛
1−𝑥 1+√𝑥
no

11 9
𝑆11 = 2
(−16 + (10) (2)) 1 1
= −
𝑆11 =
11
(−16 + 5(9)) (1 − √𝑥)(1 + √𝑥 1 + √𝑥
2
11 11 1 − (1 − √𝑥) 1 − 1 + √𝑥
sy

𝑆11 = (−16 + 45) = (29) 𝑑= =

2 2 (1 − √𝑥)(1 + √𝑥 1−𝑥
319 √𝑥
𝑆11 = 2 = 159.5  𝑑 = 1−𝑥
ea

(𝒗). (𝒙 − 𝒂) + (𝒙 + 𝒂) + (𝒙 + 𝑛
∵ 𝑆𝑛 = 2 [2𝑎1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑]
𝟑𝒂) + . . . 𝒕𝒐 𝒏 𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒔. 𝑛 1 √𝑥
Solution: = 2 [2 (1+ 𝑥) + (𝑛 − 1). ]
√ 1−𝑥
Here, =
𝑛
[
2
+
(𝑛−1)√𝑥
]
2 1+√𝑥 (1−√𝑥)(1+√𝑥)
𝑎1 = 𝑥 − 𝑎 𝑛 2(1−√𝑥)+(𝑛−1)√𝑥
𝑑 = 𝑎2 − 𝑎1 = (𝑥 + 𝑎) − (𝑥 − 𝑎) = 2𝑎 = 2[ (1−√𝑥)(1+√𝑥)
]
𝑛=𝑛 𝑛 2−2√𝑥+𝑛√𝑥−√𝑥
= [ ]
Since, 2 1−𝑥
𝑛 𝑛 2+𝑛√𝑥−3√𝑥
𝑆𝑛 = 2 [2𝑎1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑] = 2
[ 1−𝑥 ]
𝑛 𝑛 2+(𝑛−3)√𝑥
⇒ 𝑆𝑛 = 2 [2(𝑥 − 𝑎) + (𝑛 − 1)(2𝑎)]  𝑆𝑛 = 2 [ 1−𝑥 ]
𝑛
= 2 [2𝑥 + 2𝑎𝑛 − 2𝑎] Question#3
𝑛
=
2
. 2[𝑥 + 𝑎𝑛 − 2𝑎] How many terms of the series?
= 𝑛[𝑥 + 𝑎𝑛 − 2𝑎 ] (𝒊). −𝟕 + (−𝟓) + (−𝟑) + . . . 𝒂𝒎𝒐𝒖𝒏𝒕 𝒕𝒐 𝟔𝟓?
= 𝑛[𝑥 + (𝑛 − 2)𝑎 ] Solution:
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
(𝒗𝒊). + 𝟏−𝒙 + 𝟏− 𝒙 +. . . . 𝒕𝒐 𝒏 𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒔. Here,
𝟏−√𝒙 √
𝑎1 = −7
Solution:
𝑑 = 𝑎2 − 𝑎1 = (−5) − (−7) = −5 + 7 = 2
Here, 𝑆𝑛 = 65
1
𝑎1 = 1− 𝑛 =?
√𝑥
10 | P a g e
Class 11 Chapter 6
𝑛
Since, = 2
.2[3𝑛 − 2 ]
𝑛
𝑆𝑛 = 2 [2𝑎1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 ] = 𝑛(3𝑛 − 2)
𝑛
⇒ 65 = 2 [2(−7) + (𝑛 − 1)(2) ] (𝒊𝒊). 𝟏 + 𝟒 − 𝟕 + 𝟏𝟎 + 𝟏𝟑 − 𝟏𝟔 + 𝟏𝟗 + 𝟐𝟐 −
𝟐𝟓+ . . . 𝒕𝒐 𝟑𝒏 𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒔.
⇒ 130 = 𝑛[−14 + 2𝑛 − 2 ]
⇒ 130 = 𝑛(2𝑛 − 16)
Solution:
⇒ 130 = 2𝑛2 − 16𝑛 By adding three terms, we get
⇒ 2𝑛2 − 16𝑛 − 130 = 0 −2 + 7 + 16 + ⋯ 𝑡𝑜 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑠
⇒ 𝑛2 − 8𝑛 − 65 = 0 Here 𝑎1 = −2 𝑑 = 7— 2(−2) = 7 + 2 = 9
⇒ 𝑛2 − 13𝑛 + 5𝑛 − 65 = 0 𝑛=𝑛
𝑛
⇒ 𝑛(𝑛 − 13) + 5(𝑛 − 13) = 0 ∵ 𝑆𝑛 = 2 (2𝑎1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑)
⇒ (𝑛 − 13)(𝑛 + 5 ) = 0 𝑛
𝑆𝑛 = 2 (2(−2) + (𝑛 − 1)(9))
⇒ 𝑛 − 13 = 0 or 𝑛+5=0 𝑛
𝑆𝑛 = 2 (−4 + 9𝑛 − 9)
⇒ 𝑛 = 13 or 𝑛 = −5 𝑛
 𝑆𝑛 = 2 (9𝑛 − 13)
As n can’t be negative so, 𝑛 = 13 .
(𝒊𝒊). −𝟕 + (−𝟒) + (−𝟏) + . . . 𝒂𝒎𝒐𝒖𝒏𝒕 𝒕𝒐 𝟏𝟏𝟒? Question#5
Solution: Find the sum of 20 terms of the series whose
Here 𝒂𝟏 = −𝟕 𝒅 = −𝟒 − (−𝟕) rth term is 𝟑𝒓 + 𝟏.
𝒅 = −𝟒 + 𝟕 = 𝟑, 𝒏 =? , 𝑺𝒏 = 𝟏𝟏𝟒 Solution:
𝒏
∵ 𝑺𝒏 = 𝟐 (𝟐𝒂𝟏 + (𝒏 − 𝟏)𝒅) Since,

pk
𝒏 𝑎𝑟 = 3𝑟 + 1.
⇒ 𝟏𝟏𝟒 = (𝟐(−𝟕) + (𝒏 − 𝟏)𝒅)
𝟐 Put 𝑟 = 1
𝒏
𝟏𝟏𝟒 = (−𝟏𝟒 + 𝟑𝒏 − 𝟑) 𝑎1 = 3(1) + 1 = 3 + 1 = 4
s.
𝟐
𝒏 Put 𝑛 = 2
𝟏𝟏𝟒 = (−𝟏𝟒 + 𝟑𝒏 − 𝟑)
𝟐 𝑎2 = 3(2) + 1 = 6 + 1 = 7
te
𝟐𝟐𝟖 = 𝟑𝒏𝟐 − 𝟏𝟕𝒏 So,
Or 𝟑𝒏𝟐 − 𝟏𝟕𝒏 − 𝟐𝟐𝟖 = 𝟎 𝑑 = 𝑎2 − 𝑎1 = 7 − 4 = 3
no

⇒ 𝟑𝒏(𝒏 − 𝟏𝟐) + 𝟏𝟗(𝒏 − 𝟏𝟐) = 𝟎 𝑛 = 20

(𝒏 − 𝟏𝟐) + 𝟏𝟗(𝒏 − 𝟏𝟐) = 𝟎 𝑆𝑛 =?
(𝒏 − 𝟏𝟐)(𝟑𝒏 + 𝟏𝟗) = 𝟎 Since,
(𝒏 − 𝟏𝟐) = 𝟎 , 𝟑𝒏 + 𝟏𝟗 = 𝟎 𝑛
sy

𝑆𝑛 = 2 [2𝑎1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 ]
𝟏𝟗
𝒏 = 𝟏𝟐 , 𝒏 = − (𝒏𝒐𝒕 𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒃𝒍𝒆) ⇒ 𝑆20 =
20
[2(4) + (20 − 1)(3) ]
𝟑 2
Hence n=12 =
20
[8 + 57 ]
ea

2
= 10[65 ]
Question#4 = 650
Sum the series Question#6
(𝒊). 𝟑 + 𝟓 − 𝟕 + 𝟗 + 𝟏𝟏 − 𝟏𝟑 + 𝟏𝟓 + 𝟏𝟕 − If 𝑺𝒏 = 𝟐(𝟐𝒏 − 𝟏) ,then find the series
𝟏𝟗+ . . . 𝒕𝒐 𝟑𝒏 𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒔. Solution:
Solution: Put 𝒏 = 𝟏, 𝟐, 𝟑, 𝟒
(3 + 5 − 7) + (9 + 11 − 13) + (15 + 17 − 𝑆1 = 1(2(1) − 1) = 1(2 − 1) = 1
19)+ . . . 𝑡𝑜 𝑛 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑠 𝑆2 = 2(2(2) − 1) = 2(4 − 1) = 6
1 + 7 + 13 … … … . 𝑡𝑜 𝑛 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑠 𝑆3 = 3(2(3) − 1) = 3(6 − 1) = 15
Here, 𝑆4 = 4(2(4) − 1) = 4(8 − 1) = 28
𝑎1 = 1 Now,
𝑑 = 𝑎2 − 𝑎1 = 7 − 1 = 6 𝑎1 = 𝑆1 = 1
𝑛=𝑛 𝑎2 = 𝑆2 − 𝑆1 = 6 − 1 = 5
Since, 𝑎3 = 𝑆3 − 𝑆2 = 15 − 6 = 9
𝑛
𝑆𝑛 = 2 [2𝑎1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 ] 𝑎4 = 𝑆4 − 𝑆3 = 28 − 15 = 13
𝑛
= [2(1) + (𝑛 − 1)(6) ] Hence , required series is
2
𝑛
[2 + 6𝑛 − 1 + 5 + 9 + 13+, . . ..
= 6]
2
𝑛
= [6𝑛 − 4 ]
2

11 | P a g e
Class 11 Chapter 6
Question#7
The ratio of the sums of n terms of two series Question#9
in A.P. is 𝟑𝒏 + 𝟐 ∶ 𝒏 + 𝟏. Find the ratio of Obtain the sum of all integers in the first
their 8th terms 1000 integers which are neither divisible by 5
Solution: nor by 2.
Consider 𝑎1 and 𝑎1 ′ are the first terms and 𝑑, 𝑑′ Solution:
are the common differences of two series in A.P. 1 + 3 + 7 + 9 + 11 + 13 + 17 + 19 + 21 + 23 +
Now, 27 + 29+, … … … . +991 + 993 + 997 + 999
(400 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑠)
𝑆𝑛 ∶ 𝑆𝑛′ = 3𝑛 + 2 ∶ 𝑛 + 1
𝑆𝑛 3𝑛+2 (1 + 3 + 7 + 9) + (11 + 13 + 17 + 19) + (21 +
⇒ = 𝑛+1
𝑆𝑛 ′ 23 + 27 + 29)+, … … . . +(991 + 993 + 997 + 999)
𝑛
[2𝑎1 +(𝑛−1)𝑑 ] 3𝑛+2 (100 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑠)
⇒ 𝑛
2
=
2
[2𝑎1 ′+(𝑛−1)𝑑′ ] 𝑛+1 20 + 60 + 100+, … … … . +3980 (100 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑠)
⇒
2𝑎1 +(𝑛−1)𝑑
=
3𝑛+2
Here,
2𝑎1 ′+(𝑛−1)𝑑′ 𝑛+1
(𝑛−1) 𝑎1 = 20
2[𝑎1 + 𝑑] 3𝑛+2
⇒ 2
(𝑛−1) = 𝑑 = 𝑎2 − 𝑎1 = 60 − 20 = 40
2[𝑎1 ′+ 𝑑′] 𝑛+1
2 𝑛 = 100
(𝑛−1)

⇒
𝑎1 +
2
𝑑
=
3𝑛+2
… . (𝑖) Since,
(𝑛−1) 𝑛+1
𝑎1 ′+ 𝑑′ 𝑛
2 𝑆𝑛 = 2 [2𝑎1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 ]

pk
For 8 th
term 100
(𝑛−1) 𝑆100 = [2(20) + (100 − 1)(40) ]
Consider =7 2
2 = 50[40 + 3960 ]
⇒ 𝑛 − 1 = 14 s. = 50[4000]
⇒ 𝑛 = 14 + 1 = 15 = 2000
Putting in eq. (𝒊) Question#10
te
𝑎1 +7𝑑 3(15)+2
⇒ 𝑎1 ′+7𝑑′
= 15+1 𝑺𝟖 and 𝑺𝟗 are the sums of the first eight and
𝑎 47
⇒ 𝑎 8′ = 16 nine terms of an A.P., find 𝑺𝟗 if
no

𝟓𝟎𝑺𝟗 = 𝟔𝟑𝑺𝟖 and = 𝒂 𝟐 (𝑯𝒊𝒏𝒕 = 𝑺𝟖 + 𝑺𝟗 = 𝒂𝟗 )

8
47
𝑎8 ∶ 𝑎8′ = 47 ∶ 16 or 16 Solution:
Question#8 9 8
⇒ 50 [2 (2𝑎1 + (9 − 1)𝑑)] = 63 [2 (2𝑎1 + (8 − 1)𝑑)]
sy

If 𝑺𝟐 , 𝑺𝟑 , 𝑺𝟓 are the sums of 2n,3n,5n terms 9

of an A.P., show that 𝑺𝟓 = 𝟓(𝑺𝟑 − 𝑺𝟐 ) ⇒ 50 [2 (2𝑎1 + 8𝑑)] = 63[4(2𝑎1 + 7𝑑)]
Solution: ⇒ 225(2𝑎1 + 8𝑑) = 252(2𝑎1 + 7𝑑)
ea

⇒ 225(2(2) + 8𝑑) = 252(2(2) + 7𝑑)

Since,
2𝑛 ∵ 𝑎1 = 2
𝑆2 = [2𝑎1 + (2𝑛 − 1)𝑑 ] … (𝑖) ⇒ 225(4 + 8𝑑) = 252(4 + 7𝑑)
2
3𝑛
𝑆3 = [2𝑎1 + (3𝑛 − 1)𝑑 ] … (𝑖𝑖) ⇒ 900 + 1800𝑑 = 1008 + 1764𝑑
2
5𝑛 ⇒ 1800𝑑 − 1764𝑑 = 1008 − 900
𝑆5 = [2𝑎1 + (5𝑛 − 1)𝑑 ] … (𝑖𝑖𝑖)
2 ⇒ 36𝑑 = 108
R.H.S = 5(𝑆3 − 𝑆2 ) ⇒𝑑=
108
=3
3𝑛 2𝑛 36
= 5 [ 2 (2𝑎1 + (3𝑛 − 1)𝑑) − 2 (2𝑎1 + (2𝑛 − 1)𝑑 )] Now,
5𝑛 9
= [3(2𝑎1 + (3𝑛 − 1)𝑑) − 2(2𝑎1 + (2𝑛 − 1)𝑑 )] 𝑺𝟗 = 2 [2𝑎1 + (9 − 1)𝑑 ]
2
5𝑛 9
= [6𝑎1 + 3(3𝑛 − 1)𝑑 − 4𝑎1 − 2(2𝑛 − 1)𝑑] ⇒ 𝑆9 = 2 [2(2) + (8)(3) ]
2
5𝑛 9
= [2𝑎1 + [3(3𝑛 − 1) − 2(2𝑛 − 1)]𝑑] = 2 [4 + 24 ]
2
5𝑛 9
= [2𝑎1 + (9𝑛 − 3 − 4𝑛 + 2) 𝑑] = 2 [28 ]
2
5𝑛
= [2𝑎1 + (5𝑛 − 1) 𝑑] = 126
2
= 𝑆5 = 𝐿. 𝐻. 𝑆 from (𝑖𝑖𝑖) Question#11
Hence, The sum of 9 terms of an A.P. is 171 and its
𝑆5 = 5(𝑆3 − 𝑆2 ) proved. eighth term is 31. Find the series.
Solution:
Since,
12 | P a g e
Class 11 Chapter 6
𝑆9 = 171 𝑆9 + 𝑆7 = 203
9 𝑆9 − 𝑆7 = 49
⇒ 2 [2𝑎1 + (9 − 1)𝑑 ] = 171
9 − + −
⇒ 2 [2𝑎1 + 8𝑑 ] = 171 2 𝑆7 = 154
9
⇒ 2 .2[𝑎1 + 4𝑑 ] = 171
⇒ 9𝑎1 + 36𝑑 = 171 … (𝑖) ⇒ 𝑆7 = 154
7
Now, ⇒ 2 [2𝑎1 + (7 − 1)𝑑 ] = 77
𝑎8 = 31 ⇒ 7[2𝑎1 + 6𝑑 ] = 154
⇒ 𝑎1 + 7𝑑 = 31 … (𝑖𝑖) ⇒ 14𝑎1 + 42𝑑 = 154
Multiplying eq. (𝑖𝑖) 𝑏𝑦 9 and Subtracting from ⇒ 14[𝑎1 + 3𝑑] = 154
(𝑖) ⇒ 𝑎1 + 3𝑑 = 11 … (𝑖𝑖)
9𝑎1 + 36𝑑 = 171 Subtracting (𝑖𝑖𝑖) from (𝑖𝑣)
9𝑎1 + 63𝑑 = 279 𝑎1 + 4𝑑 = 14
− − − 𝑎1 + 3𝑑 = 11
−27𝑑 = −108 − − −
−108
⇒ 𝑑 = −27 𝑑=3
⇒𝑑=3
⇒𝑑=4
Putting values of d = 3 in (𝑖𝑖)
Putting values of d = 4 in (𝑖𝑖)
𝑎1 + 4(3) = 14
𝑎1 + 7(4) = 31
⇒ 𝑎1 + 12 = 14
⇒ 𝑎1 + 28 = 31

pk
⇒ 𝑎1 = 14 − 12
⇒ 𝑎1 = 31 − 28
⇒ 𝑎1 = 2
⇒ 𝑎1 = 3
So,
So, s.
𝑎2 = 𝑎1 + 𝑑 = 2 + 3 = 5
𝑎2 = 𝑎1 + 𝑑 = 3 + 4 = 7
𝑎3 = 𝑎2 + 𝑑 = 2 + 2(3) = 2 + 6 = 8
𝑎3 = 𝑎2 + 𝑑 = 3 + 2(4) = 3 + 8 = 11
𝑎4 = 𝑎3 + 𝑑 = 2 + 3(3) = 2 + 9 = 11
te
𝑎4 = 𝑎3 + 𝑑 = 3 + 3(3) = 15
Hence the requires series 2 + 5 + 8 + 11+, ….
Hence the requires series 3 + 7 + 11 + 15+, ….
Question#12, Question#13
no

𝑺𝟕 and 𝑺𝟗 are the sums of the first 7 and 9

The sum of 𝑺𝟗 and 𝑺𝟕 is 203 and 𝑺𝟗 − 𝑺𝟕 = 𝟒𝟗, 𝑺𝟗 𝟏𝟖
𝑺𝟕 and 𝑺𝟗 being the sums of the first 7 and 9 terms of an A.P .respectively. If 𝑺𝟕
= 𝟏𝟏 and
sy

terms of an A.P. respectively. Determine the 𝒂𝟕 = 𝟐𝟎 find the series.

series. Solution:
𝑆9 18
Solution: = 11
ea

𝑆7
𝑆9 + 𝑆7 = 203 … (𝑖) ⇒ 11𝑆9 = 18𝑆7
Also, 9 7
⇒ 11 . 2 [2𝑎1 + (9 − 1)𝑑 ] = 18 . 2 [2𝑎1 + (7 − 1)𝑑 ]
𝑆9 − 𝑆7 = 49 … (𝑖𝑖) 99 7
⇒ [2𝑎1 + 8𝑑 ] = 18 . 2 [2𝑎1 + 6𝑑 ]
Adding (𝑖) and (𝑖𝑖) 2
𝑆9 + 𝑆7 = 203 ⇒ 99𝑎1 + 396𝑑 = 126𝑎1 + 378𝑑
𝑆9 − 𝑆7 = 49 ⇒ 99𝑎1 − 126𝑎1 = 378𝑑 − 396𝑑
⇒ −27𝑎1 = −18𝑑
−18𝑑
2 𝑆9 = 252 ⇒ 𝑎1 =
−27
⇒ 𝑆9 = 126 2
⇒ 𝑎1 = 𝑑 … (𝑖)
If 𝑎1 be the first term and d be the common 3

difference then, Also,

9 ⇒ 𝑎7 = 20
⇒ 2 [2𝑎1 + (9 − 1)𝑑 ] = 126
⇒ 𝑎1 + 6𝑑 = 20 … (𝑖𝑖)
⇒ 9[2𝑎1 + 8𝑑 ] = 252 Putting values of 𝑎1 in above
⇒ 18𝑎1 + 72𝑑 = 252 2
𝑑 + 6𝑑 = 20
⇒ 18[𝑎1 + 4𝑑] = 252 3
20
⇒ 𝑎1 + 4𝑑 = 14 … (𝑖) ⇒ 3 𝑑 = 20
Now, 3
⇒ 𝑑 = 20 . 20
Subtracting (𝑖) and (𝑖𝑖) ⇒𝑑=3
Putting in (𝑖)
13 | P a g e
Class 11 Chapter 6
2
𝑎1 = (3) ⇒ 4(8)2 + 20𝑑2 = 276
3
⇒ 𝑎1 = 2 ⇒ 256 + 𝑑2 = 276
⇒ 20𝑑2 = 276 − 256
Now,
⇒ 𝑑2 = 1
𝑎2 = 𝑎1 + 𝑑 = 2 + 3 = 5
⇒ 𝑑 = ±1
𝑎3 = 𝑎2 + 𝑑 = 2 + 2(3) = 2 + 6 = 8
𝑎4 = 𝑎3 + 𝑑 = 2 + 3(3) = 2 + 9 = 11
When 𝑎 = 8 and 𝑑 = 1
𝑎 − 3𝑑 = 8 − 3(1) = 5
Hence the requires series 2 + 5 + 8 + 11+, ….
𝑎−𝑑 =8−1=8
Question#14 𝑎+𝑑 =8+1=9
The sum of three numbers in an A.P. is 24 𝑎 + 𝑑 = 8 + 3(1) = 11
and their product is 440. Find the numbers. When 𝑎 = 8 and 𝑑 = −1
Solution: 𝑎 − 3𝑑 = 8 − 3(−1) = 8 + 3 = 11
Let the number in A.P. are 𝑎 − 𝑑 , 𝑎, 𝑎 + 𝑑 𝑎 − 𝑑 = 8 − (−1) = 8 + 1 = 9
𝑎 + 𝑑 = 8 + (−1) = 8 − 1 = 7
By the given condition
𝑎 + 𝑑 = 8 + 3(−1) = 8 − 3 = 5
𝑎 − 𝑑 + 𝑎 + 𝑎 + 𝑑 = 24
⇒ 3𝑎 = 24 Hence 5 ,8 ,11 or 11, 9 ,7,5 are the required
⇒𝑎=8 number
Also, by the given condition Question#16
(𝑎 − 𝑑). 𝑎. (𝑎 + 𝑑) = 440 Find the five numbers in A.P. whose sum is 25
⇒ 𝑎(𝑎2 − 𝑑2 ) = 440 and the sum of whose squares is 135.

pk
Putting 𝑎 = 8 in above Solution:
⇒ 8((8)2 − 𝑑2 ) = 440 Suppose
⇒ 8(64 − 𝑑2 ) = 440 s.
Five numbers in A.P are 𝑎1 − 2𝑑, 𝑎1 − 𝑑, 𝑎1 +
⇒ 512 − 8𝑑2 = 440
𝑑 , 𝑎1 + 𝑑
⇒ 512 − 440 = 8𝑑2
te
⇒ 8𝑑2 = 72 I condition
72 𝑎1 − 2𝑑 + 𝑎1 − 𝑑 + 𝑎1 + 𝑎1 + 𝑑 + 𝑎1 + 2𝑑 = 25
⇒ 𝑑2 = 8
⇒ 5𝑎1 = 25 ⇒ 𝑎1 = 5
no

⇒ 𝑑2 = 9
II condition
⇒ 𝑑 = ±3
(𝑎1 − 2𝑑)2 + (𝑎1 − 𝑑)2 + 𝑎12 + (𝑎1 + 𝑑)2
When 𝑎 = 8 and 𝑑 = 3
+ (𝑎1 + 2𝑑)2 = 135
sy

𝑎−𝑑 =8−3=5 𝑎1 − 4𝑎1 𝑑 + 4𝑑2 + 𝑎12 − 2𝑎1 𝑑 + 𝑑2 + 𝑎12 + 𝑎12

2
𝑎 + 𝑑 = 8 + 3 = 11 + 2𝑎1 𝑑
When 𝑎 = 5 and 𝑑 = −3 𝑑2 + 𝑎12 + 4𝑑2 + 4𝑎1 𝑑 = 135
ea

𝑎 − 𝑑 = 8 − (−3) = 8 + 3 = 11 ⇒ 5𝑎12 + 10𝑑2 = 135

𝑎 + 𝑑 = 8 + (−3) = 8 − 3 = 5 ⇒ 𝑎12 + 2𝑑2 = 27
Hence 5 ,8 ,11 or 11, 8 ,5 are the required 𝑜𝑟 (5)2 + 2𝑑2 = 27 ∵ 𝑎1 = 5
number ⇒ 2𝑑 + 27 − 25 ⇒ 2𝑑2 = 2
2

Question#15 𝑜𝑟 𝑑2 = 1 𝑜𝑟 𝑑 = ±1
Find four numbers in A.P. whose sum is 32 and When 𝑑 = 1
the sum of whose squares is 276. 𝑎1 − 2𝑑 = 5 − 2(1) = 3 , 𝑎1 − 𝑑 = 5 − 1 = 4
𝑎1 = 5, 𝑎1 + 𝑑 = 5 + 1 = 6
Solution:
𝑎1 + 2𝑑 = 5 + 2(1) = 5 + 2 = 7
Consider four numbers 𝑎 − 3𝑑 , 𝑎 − 𝑑 , 𝑎 + 𝑑, 𝑎 + Hence 3,4,5,7 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 numbers. When d= −1
3𝑑 are in A.P. Thus, 𝑎1 − 2𝑑 = 5 − 2(−1) = 5 + 2 = 7
By the given condition 𝑎1 − 𝑑 = 5— 1 = 5 + 1 = 6
𝑎 − 3𝑑 + 𝑎 − 𝑑 + 𝑎 + 𝑑 + 𝑎 + 3𝑑 = 32 𝑎1 = 5, 𝑎 − 1 + 2𝑑 = 5 + 2(−1) = 5 − 2 = 3
⇒ 4𝑎 = 32 𝑎1 + 𝑑 = 5 + (−1) = 5 − 1 = 4
⇒𝑎=8 Hence 7,6,5,4,3 req. numbers.
Also, by the given condition Question#17
(𝑎 − 3𝑑)2 + (𝑎 − 𝑑)2 + (𝑎 + 𝑑)2 + (𝑎 + 3𝑑)2 = 276 The sum of the 6th and 8th terms of an A.P.
⇒ 𝑎2 − 6𝑎𝑑 + 9𝑑2 + 𝑎2 − 2𝑎𝑑 + 𝑑 2 = 276
is 40 and the product of 4th and 7th term is
⇒ 4𝑎2 + 20𝑑2 = 276
220. Find the A.P.
Putting 𝑎 = 8 in above
14 | P a g e
Class 11 Chapter 6
Solution: (𝑏−𝑎)(𝑏+𝑎)
= (𝑐+𝑏 )(𝑎+𝑏 )(𝑐+𝑎)
Since, 𝑏−𝑎
⇒ 𝑑 = (𝑐+𝑏 )(𝑐+𝑎) … (𝑖𝑖𝑖)
𝑎6 + 𝑎8 = 40
⇒ 𝑎1 + 5𝑑 + 𝑎1 + 7𝑑 = 40 From (𝑖𝑖) and (𝑖𝑖𝑖)
⇒ 2𝑎1 + 12𝑑 = 40 𝑑=𝑑
1 1 1
⇒ 2(𝑎1 + 6𝑑) = 40 Hence, 𝑏+𝑐
, 𝑐+𝑎 , 𝑎+𝑏 are 𝑖𝑛 A.P.
⇒ 𝑎1 + 6𝑑 = 20 … (𝑖)
Also, Word problems on A.P
𝑎4 + 𝑎7 = 220
⇒ (𝑎1 + 3𝑑)(𝑎1 + 6𝑑) = 220 Exercise 6.5
⇒ (𝑎1 + 3𝑑)(20) = 220 from(𝑖) Question#1
220
⇒ 𝑎1 + 3𝑑 = 20
A man deposit in a bank Rs. 10 in the first
⇒ 𝑎1 + 3𝑑 = 11 … (𝑖𝑖) month; Rs. 15 in the second month; Rs. 20 in
Subtracting (𝑖) from (𝑖𝑖) the third month and so on. Find how much he
𝑎1 + 6𝑑 = 20 will have deposited in the bank by the 9th
𝑎1 + 3𝑑 = 11
month.
− − −
3𝑑 = 9 Solution:
⇒𝑑=3 The sequence of the deposits is
Putting values of d = 3 in (𝑖𝑖) 10, 15, 20, … … . 𝑡𝑜 9 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑠

pk
𝑎1 + 3(3) = 11 Here,
⇒ 𝑎1 + 9 = 11 𝑎1 = 10
⇒ 𝑎1 = 11 − 9 s. 𝑑 = 𝑎2 − 𝑎1 = 15 − 10 = 5
⇒ 𝑎1 = 2 Since,
So, 𝑛
𝑆𝑛 = 2 [2𝑎1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 ]
te
𝑎2 = 𝑎1 + 𝑑 = 2 + 3 = 5 9
⇒ 𝑆9 = 2 [2(10) + (9 − 1)(5) ]
𝑎3 = 𝑎2 + 𝑑 = 2 + 2(3) = 2 + 6 = 8
9
no

𝑎4 = 𝑎3 + 𝑑 = 2 + 3(3) = 2 + 9 = 11 = 2 [20 + 40 ]
Thus, the requires series 2 + 5 + 8 + 11+, …. 9
= 2 [60 ] = 270
Question#18 Hence the total amount he deposits is Rs. 270.
sy

If 𝒂𝟐 , 𝒃𝟐 and 𝒄𝟐 are in A.P., show that Question#2

𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝒃+𝒄
, 𝒄+𝒂 , 𝒂+𝒃 are in A.P 378 trees are planted in rows in the shape of
Solution: an isosceles triangle, the numbers in
ea

Since, successive rows decreasing by one from the

𝑎2 , 𝑏 2 and 𝑐 2 are in A.P. base to the top. How many trees are there in
Therefore, the row which forms the base of the triangle?
𝑏 2 − 𝑎2 = 𝑐 2 − 𝑏 2 Solution:
⇒ (𝑏 − 𝑎)(𝑐 − 𝑎) = (𝑐 − 𝑏)(𝑐 + 𝑏) … (𝑖) The sequence of the trees from top to base row
1 1 1
Now to show ,
𝑏+𝑐
, are 𝑖𝑛 A.P.
𝑐+𝑎 𝑎+𝑏 is 1, 2, 3, … …
1 1
𝑑 = 𝑐+𝑎 − 𝑏+𝑐 Let n be the total number of tress in base row
𝑏+𝑐−𝑐+𝑎
= (𝑐+𝑎 )(𝑏+𝑐) then
𝑏−𝑎 Here,
⇒ 𝑑 = (𝑐+𝑎 )(𝑏+𝑐) … (𝑖𝑖)
𝑎1 = 1
1 1
𝑑 = 𝑎+𝑏 − 𝑐+𝑎 𝑑 = 𝑎2 − 𝑎1 = 2 − 1 = 1
𝑐+𝑎−𝑎−𝑏
= (𝑎+𝑏 )(𝑐+𝑎) Since,
𝑛
𝑆𝑛 = 2 [2𝑎1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 ]
From eq.(𝑖) 𝑛
(𝑏−𝑎)(𝑏+𝑎) ⇒ 378 = 2 [2(1) + (𝑛 − 1)(1) ]
=𝑐−𝑏
(𝑐+𝑏 ) ⇒ 756 = 𝑛[2 + 𝑛 − 1 ]
Putting in above ⇒ 756 = 𝑛(𝑛 + 1)
(𝑏−𝑎)(𝑏+𝑎)
(𝑐+𝑏 ) ⇒ 756 = 𝑛2 + 𝑛
𝑑= (𝑎+𝑏 )(𝑐+𝑎) ⇒ 𝑛2 + 𝑛 − 756 = 0
15 | P a g e
Class 11 Chapter 6
So, Since,
𝑛
𝑛=
−1±√(−1)2 −4(1)(−756) 𝑆𝑛 = 2 [2𝑎1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 ]
2(1) 12
−1±√1+3024 −1±√3025 −1±55 ⇒ 𝑆𝑛 = [2(1) + (12 − 1)(1) ]
𝑛= = = 2
2 2 2 12
= [2 + 11 ]
So, 2
12
−1+55 54 −1−55 −56 = [13 ]
n= 2
= 2
= 27 or n= 2
= 2
= −28 2
= 78
Since n can never be negative therefore 𝒏 =
Hence clock strikes 78 hours in twelve strikes.
𝟐𝟕
Now, Question#5
𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 A student saves Rs.12 at the end of the first
⇒ 𝑎𝑛 = 1 + (27 − 1)(1) = 1 + 26 = 27 week and goes on increasing his saving Rs.4
Thus the numbers of trees in the base row weekly. After how many weeks will he be able
are 27. to save Rs.2100?
Question#3 Solution:
A man borrows Rs. 1100 and agree to repay The sequence of the savings is
with a total interest of Rs. 230 in 14 12, 16, 20, … … … … …
instalments, each instalment being less than Total Savings = 2100
the preceding by Rs. 10. What should be his Here,

pk
first instalment? 𝑎1 = 12
𝑑 = 𝑎2 − 𝑎1 = 16 − 12 = 4
Solution:
𝑆𝑛 = 2100
Let the first instalment be x then the sequence s.
𝑛 =?
of instalment will be 𝑥, 𝑥 − 10, 𝑥 − 20, . . .. Since,
Here, 𝒏
te
𝑺𝒏 = 𝟐 [𝟐𝒂𝟏 + (𝒏 − 𝟏)𝒅 ]
𝑎1 = 𝑥 𝑛
⇒ 2100 = 2 [2(12) + (𝑛 − 1)(4) ]
𝑑 = −10
no

𝑛 = 14 ⇒ 4200 = 𝑛[24 + 4𝑛 − 4 ]
𝑺𝒏 = 𝟏𝟏𝟎𝟎 + 𝟐𝟑𝟎 = 𝟏𝟑𝟑𝟎 ⇒ 4200 = 𝑛(4𝑛 + 20)
⇒ 4200 = 4𝑛2 + 20𝑛
Now,
⇒ 4𝑛2 + 20𝑛 − 4200 = 0
sy

𝑛
𝑆𝑛 = 2 [2𝑎1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 ]
⇒ 𝑛2 + 5𝑛 − 1050 = 0
14
⇒ 1330 = [2(𝑥) + (14 − 1)(−10) ] So,
2
⇒ 1330 = 7[2𝑥 − 130 ]
ea

−5±√(5)2 −4(1)(−1050)
𝑛=
⇒ 1330 = 14𝑥 − 910 2(1)
−5±√25+4200 −5±√4225 −5±65
⇒ 1330 + 910 = 14𝑥 𝑛= = =
2 2 2
⇒ 2240 = 14𝑥
2440 So,
⇒ 𝑥 = 14 = 160 −5+65 60 −5−65 −70
n= 2
= 2
= 30 or n= 2
= 2
= −35
Hence the first instalment is 160.
Since n can never be negative therefore 𝑛 = 30
Question#4
Thus, student will save Rs. 2100 in 30 weeks
A clock strikes once when its hour hand is at
Question#6
one, twice when it is at two and so on. How
An object falling from rest, falls 9 meters
many times does the clock strike in twelve
during the first second, 27 meters during the
hours ?
next second, 45 meters during the third
Solution:
second and so on.
The sequence of the strikes is
𝒊) How far will it fall during the fifth second?
𝟏, 𝟐, 𝟑, … … … … . , 𝟏𝟐
Solution:
Here,
𝑎1 = 1 The sequence of the falls is 9, 27, 45, … … … … … …
𝑑 = 𝑎2 − 𝑎1 = 2 − 1 = 1 𝑎1 = 5
𝑛 = 12 𝑑 = 27 − 9 = 18
𝑎𝑛 = 12 𝑎5 =?

16 | P a g e
Class 11 Chapter 6
Since, Sum of angels of 4-sided polygon
𝑎5 = 𝑎1 + 4𝑑 (quadrilateral) = 𝑎2 = 2𝜋
= 9 + 4(18) Sum of the angels of 5 sided polygon
= 9 + 72
(pentagon) = 𝑎3 = 3𝜋
= 81
So,
Hence in fifth second the object will fall 81
The sum of interior angels of 16 side polygon =
meters.
𝑎14 =?
𝒊𝒊) How far will it fall up to the fifth second?
Here,
Solution:
𝑎1 = 𝜋
Here, 𝑑 = 𝑎2 − 𝑎1 = 2𝜋 − 𝜋 = 𝜋
𝑎1 = 9 𝑛 = 14
𝑑 = 𝑎2 − 𝑎1 = 27 − 9 = 18 Since,
𝑛=5 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
𝑆5 =? ⇒ 𝑎14 = 𝜋 + (14 − 1)(𝜋)
Since, = 𝜋 + 13𝜋
𝑛
𝑆𝑛 = 2 [2𝑎1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 ] = 14𝜋
5
⇒ 𝑆𝑛 = 2 [2(9) + (5 − 1)(18) ] Hence sum of interior angels of 16 side
5 polygon is 𝟏𝟒𝝅
= 2 [18 + 72 ]
Question#9

pk
5
= 2 [90 ]
The prize money Rs. 60,000 will be distributed
= 225
among the eight teams according to their
Thus, up to 5th second the object will fall 225
positions determined in the match-series. The
meters.
s.
award increases by the same amount for each
Question#7
higher position. If the last place team is given
te
An investor earned Rs.6000 for year 1980 and
Rs.4000, how much will be awarded to the
Rs. 12000 for year 1990 on the same
first-place team?
no

investment. If his earning has increased by

Solution:
the same amount each year, how much income
Let 𝑎1 denotes the prize money for the last
he has received from the investment over the
position
sy

past eleven years?

Here,
Solution: 𝑎1 = 4000
Here,
ea

𝑆𝑁 = 60000
𝑎1 = 6000 𝑛=8
𝑎11 = 12000 𝑎𝑛 =?
𝑛 = 11 Since,
Since, 𝑛
𝑆𝑛 = 2 [𝑎1 + 𝑎𝑛 ]
𝑛
𝑆𝑛 = 2 [𝑎1 + 𝑎𝑛 ] 8
11
⇒ 60000 = 2 [4000 + 𝑎𝑛 ]
⇒ 𝑆𝑛 = 2 [6000 + 12000 ] ⇒ 60000 = 4[4000 + 𝑎𝑛 ]
11
= 2 [18000 ] ⇒ 60000 = 16000 + 4𝑎𝑛
= 99000 ⇒ 60000 − 16000 = 4𝑎𝑛
Hence, he will receive Rs. 99000 in past eleven ⇒ 44000 = 4𝑎𝑛
44000
⇒ 𝑎𝑛 = 4 = 11000
years
Question#8 Hence the team at 1st place will get 11000 Rs
The sum of interior angles of polygon having Question#10
sides 3,4,5,etc. form an A.P. Find the sum of An equilateral triangular base is filled by
the interior angles for a 16-sided polygon. placing eight balls in the first row, 7 balls in
Solution: the second row and so on with one ball in the
Since the sum of angels of 3-sided polygon last row. After this base layer, second layer
(triangle) = 𝑎1 = 𝜋 is formed by placing 7 balls in its first row, 6

17 | P a g e
Class 11 Chapter 6
balls in its second row and so on with one ball In similar way , we have
in its last row. Continuing this process, a 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 𝑟 𝑛−1
pyramid of balls is formed with one ball on Hence proved.
top. How many balls are there in the pyramid? Exercise 6.6
Solution: Question#1
Balls in the first layer = 8 + 7 + 6 + ⋯ + 2 + 1 Find the 5th term of the G.P.: 𝟑, 𝟔, 𝟏𝟐, . ..
8
= 2 [2(8) + (8 − 1)(−1) ] = 4(16 − 7) = 36 Solution:
Balls in the second layer = 7 + 6 + 5 + … … … + Here,
2+1 𝑎1 = 3
7 𝑎 6
= [2(7) + (7 − 𝑟 = 𝑎2 = 3 = 2
2 1
1)(−1) ] 𝑛=5
7
= [14 − 6 ]
2
Since,
=
7
[8] = 28 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 𝑟 𝑛−1
2
⇒ 𝑎5 = (3)(2)5−1
Balls in the third layer = 6 + 5 + 4 + 3 + 2 + 1 =
= (3)(2)4
21 = (3)(16)
Balls in the fourth layer = 5 + 4 + 3 + 2 + 1 = 15 = 48
Balls in the fifth layer = 4 + 3 + 2 + 1 = 10 Question#2

pk
Balls in the sixth layer = 3 + 2 + 1 + 6 Find the 11th term of the sequence, 𝟏 +
Balls in the seventh layer = 2 + 1 = 3 𝟒
𝒊 , 𝟐 , 𝟏+𝒊 , . . ..
Balls in the eighth layer = 1
Solution:
Hence the number of balls in pyramid
s.
Here,
= 36 + 28 + 21 + 15 + 10 + 6 + 3 + 1 = 𝟏𝟐𝟎
𝑎1 = 1 + 𝑖
te
𝑎 2
𝑟 = 𝑎2 = 1+ⅈ
Geometric progression(G.P) 1
𝑛 = 11
no

𝑎𝑛
A sequence {𝑎𝑛 } is a geometric sequence if 𝑎𝑛−1 Since,
is same for all terms when 𝑛 ∈ 𝑁 and 𝑛 > 1. 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 𝑟 𝑛−1
𝑎
 The quotient 𝑎 𝑛 is denoted by r. and is 2 11−1
sy

𝑛−1 ⇒ 𝑎11 = (1 + 𝑖) (1+ⅈ )

called common ratio of the G.P 2 10
𝑎 = (1 + 𝑖) (1+ⅈ )
 The common ratio r=𝑎 𝑛 is defined only if
1−ⅈ 10
ea

𝑛−1 2
𝑎𝑛−1 ≠ 0 i.e No term of G.P is zero. = (1 + 𝑖) (1+ⅈ . 1−ⅈ )
10
Note: when common ratio of any two 2(1−ⅈ)
= (1 + 𝑖) ((1 )2 −(ⅈ)2 )
consecutive terms of a sequence is called 2(1−ⅈ) 10
= (1 + 𝑖) ( )
a geometry sequence or geometric 1+1
2(1−ⅈ) 10
progression. = (1 + 𝑖) ( 2 )
Prove that 𝒂𝒏 = 𝒂𝟏 𝒓𝒏−𝟏 = (1 + 𝑖)(1 − 𝑖) 10

Proof: = (1 + 𝑖)[(1 − 𝑖)2 ]5

We know that = (1 + 𝑖)[(1)2 − 2(1)(𝑖) + (𝑖)2 ]5
𝑎𝑛 = (1 + 𝑖)[1 − 2𝑖 − 1]5
𝑟= → (𝑖) 𝑛 > 1
𝑎𝑛−1 = (1 + 𝑖)(−2𝑖)5
Put 𝑛 = 2,3, ,4, … , 𝑖𝑛 (𝑖) = (1 + 𝑖)(−2)5 (𝑖)5
𝑎2 = (1 + 𝑖)(−32)𝑖 4 . 𝑖
⇒𝑟= ⇒ 𝑎2 = 𝑎1 𝑟
𝑎1 = (1 + 𝑖)(−32)( 𝑖 2 )2 . 𝑖
𝑎3 = (1 + 𝑖)(−32)(−1)2 . 𝑖
𝑟= ⇒ 𝑎3 = 𝑎2 𝑟
𝑎2 = (1 + 𝑖)(−32)(1). 𝑖
𝑜𝑟 𝑎3 = (𝑎1 𝑟)𝑟 ⇒ 𝑎3 = 𝑎1 𝑟 2 (∵ 𝑎2 = 𝑎1 𝑟) = −32𝑖(1 + 𝑖)
𝑎4
𝑟= ⇒ 𝑎4 = 𝑎3 𝑟 = (𝑎1 𝑟 2 )𝑟 = −32𝑖 − 32 𝑖 2
𝑎3 = −32𝑖 − 32 (−1)
⇒ 𝑎4 = 𝑎1 𝑟 3 (∵ 𝑎3 = 𝑎1 𝑟 2 ) = −32𝑖 + 32

18 | P a g e
Class 11 Chapter 6
= 32(−𝑖 + 1) (1 + 𝑖)210 ∵ (1 + 𝑖)2
= 32(1 − 𝑖) = = (1)2 + (𝑖)2 + 2(1)(𝑖)
[(1 + 𝑖)2 ]5
Question#3 (1 + 𝑖)1024 = 1 + 𝑖 2 + 2𝑖
= = 1 − 1 + 2𝑖
Find the 12th term of 𝟏 + 𝒊, 𝟐𝒊, −𝟐 + 𝟐𝒊, . . .. (2𝑖)5
(1 + 𝑖)32 = 2𝑖 ∵ 𝑖 2 = −1
Solution: =
𝑖4. 𝑖
Here,
𝑎1 = 1 + 𝑖 (1 + 𝑖)32
𝑎
𝑟 = 𝑎2 = 1+ⅈ
2ⅈ =
1
(𝑖 2 )2 . 𝑖
𝑛 = 12 (1 + 𝑖)32 (1 + 𝑖)32
= =
Since, (−1)2 . 𝑖 𝑖
𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 𝑟 𝑛−1 (𝑖 − 1)32
𝑎11 = = −32(𝑖 − 1)
2ⅈ 12−1 −1
⇒ 𝑎11 = (1 + 𝑖) (1+ⅈ ) 𝑎11 = 32(1 − 𝑖) (∵ 𝑖 2 = −1)
= (1 + 𝑖) (1+ⅈ )
2ⅈ 11
Question#5
2ⅈ 1−ⅈ 10
If an automobile depreciates in value 5% every
= (1 + 𝑖) (1+ⅈ . 1−ⅈ ) year, at the end of 4 years what is the value
11
2ⅈ(1−ⅈ)
= (1 + 𝑖) ((1 )2 −(ⅈ)2 ) of the automobile purchased for Rs.12,000?
2ⅈ−2ⅈ 2
11 Solution:
= (1 + 𝑖) ( )
Here,

pk
1+1
2ⅈ+2 11 𝑎1 = 12000
= (1 + 𝑖) ( 2
)
2(ⅈ+1) 11
depreciation = 5%
= (1 + 𝑖) ( 2 ) s. 5
𝑟 = 1 − 100 = 1 − 0.05 = 0.95
11
= (1 + 𝑖)(1 + 𝑖)
𝑛=5
= (1 + 𝑖)12
te
Since,
[(1 + 𝑖)2 ]6
= [(1)2 + 2(1)(𝑖) + (𝑖)2 ]6 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 𝑟 𝑛−1
⇒ 𝑎5 = (12000)(0.95)5−1
no

= [1 + 2𝑖 − 1]5
= (2𝑖)6 = (12000)(0.95)4
= (12000)(0.8145)
= (2)6 (𝑖)6
= 9774.08
= (64)𝑖 6
sy

= (64)( 𝑖 2 )3 The value of the automobile at the end of 4

= 64(−1)3 years is 9774.08
= −64 Question#6
ea

Question#4 Which term of the sequence 𝒙𝟐 − 𝒚𝟐 , 𝒙 +

Find the 11th term of the sequence, 𝟏 + 𝒙+𝒚
𝒚 , 𝒙−𝒚 , … . 𝒊𝒔
𝒙+𝒚
?
(𝒙−𝒚)𝟗
𝒊, 𝟐, 𝟐(𝟏 − 𝒊), . . ..
Solution:
Solution:
Here,
Here
2 𝑎1 = 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2
𝑎1 = 1 + 𝑖, 𝑟 = 1+ⅈ , 𝑎11 =? 𝑎 𝑥+𝑦 𝑥+𝑦 1
𝑟 = 𝑎2 = 𝑥 2 −𝑦2 = (𝑥−𝑦)(𝑥+𝑦) = 𝑥−𝑦
∵ 𝑎11 = 𝑎1 𝑟10 ∵ 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 𝑟 𝑛−1 1
𝑛 =?
2 10 𝑥+𝑦
= (1 + 𝑖) ( ) 𝑎𝑛 = (𝑥−𝑦)9
1+𝑖
(1 + 𝑖)210 Since,
=
(1 + 𝑖)10 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 𝑟 𝑛−1
(1 + 𝑖)210 𝑥+𝑦 1 𝑛−1
= ⇒ (𝑥−𝑦)9 = (𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 ) ( )
[(1 + 𝑖)2 ]5 𝑥−𝑦
𝑥+𝑦 1
(1 + 𝑖)1024 ⇒ (𝑥−𝑦)9 = (𝑥 + 𝑦)(𝑥 − 𝑦) (𝑥−𝑦)𝑛−1
=
(2𝑖)5 1
⇒ (𝑥−𝑦)9 = (𝑥−𝑦)𝑛−1−1
1

1 9 1 𝑛−2
⇒ (𝑥−𝑦) = (𝑥−𝑦)
⇒ 9= 𝑛−2

19 | P a g e
Class 11 Chapter 6
2 2
⇒9+2=𝑛 (𝑏2 ) −(𝑏𝑐)2 −(𝑏𝑐)2 +(𝑐 2 )
=
⇒ 𝑛 = 11 (𝑏2 −𝑐 2 )(𝑎2 −𝑏2 )
𝑏4 −2𝑏2 𝑐 2 +𝑐 4
Question#7 = (𝑏2 −𝑐 2 )(𝑎2 −𝑏2 )
If a, b, c, d are in G.P, prove that (𝑏2 −𝑐 2 )
2
= (𝑏2 −𝑐 2 )(𝑎2 −𝑏2 )
Solution:
𝑏 2 −𝑐 2
Since , a, b, c, d are in G.P = 𝑎2 −𝑏2 … (𝑖𝑖)
Therefore, From (𝑖) & (𝑖𝑖)
𝑏 𝑐 𝑑
= = 𝑟 = 𝑟′
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
So, Therefore, 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 , 𝑏 2 − 𝑐 2 , 𝑐 2 − 𝑑2 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝐺. 𝑃
𝑏 𝑐 (𝒊𝒊𝒊). 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 , 𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐 , 𝒄𝟐 + 𝒅𝟐 𝒂𝒓𝒆 𝒊𝒏 𝑮. 𝑷.
= 𝑏 ⇒ 𝑏 2 = 𝑎𝑐 … . (𝑖)
𝑎
𝑐 𝑑
Solution:
𝑏
= 𝑐
⇒ 𝑐 2 = 𝑏𝑑 … . (𝑖𝑖) So,
𝑏 𝑑
= ⇒ 𝑏𝑐 = 𝑎𝑑 … . (𝑖𝑖𝑖) 𝑏2 +𝑐 2
𝑎 𝑐 𝑟 = 𝑎2 +𝑏2 … (𝑖)
(𝒊). 𝒂 − 𝒃, 𝒃 − 𝒄 , 𝒄 − 𝒅 𝒂𝒓𝒆 𝒊𝒏 𝑮. 𝑷.
Also,
Solution: 𝑐 2 + 𝑑2
𝑟′ =
To show, 𝑎 − 𝑏, 𝑏 − 𝑐 , 𝑐 − 𝑑 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝐺. 𝑃 𝑏2 + 𝑐 2
𝑐 2 + 𝑑2 𝑎 2 + 𝑏 2
So, = .
𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 𝑎 2 + 𝑏2
𝑏−𝑐 𝟐 𝟐
𝑟= … (𝑖) ⇒ (𝒃 + 𝒄 ) = (𝒄𝟐 + 𝒅𝟐 )(𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 )
𝟐

pk
𝑎−𝑏
Also, 𝑹. 𝑯. 𝑺 = (𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 )(𝒄𝟐 + 𝒅𝟐 )
𝑟′ =
𝑐−𝑑
… (𝑖𝑖) = (𝒂𝒄)𝟐 + (𝒂𝒅)𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 𝒄𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 𝒅𝟐
𝑏−𝑐 𝟐 𝟐
𝑐 − 𝑑 𝑎−𝑏 s. (𝒃𝟐 ) + 𝒃𝟐 𝒄𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 𝒄𝟐 + (𝒄𝟐 )
= .
𝑏 − 𝑐 𝑎−𝑏 𝟐 𝟐
𝑎𝑐−𝑎𝑑−𝑏𝑐+𝑏𝑑 𝑎−𝑏 = (𝒃𝟐 ) + 𝟐𝒃𝟐 𝒄𝟐 + (𝒄𝟐 )
= (𝑏− 𝑐)(𝑎−𝑏)
. 𝑎−𝑏 𝟐
te
2
𝑏 −𝑏𝑐−𝑏𝑐+𝑐 2 = (𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐 ) = 𝑳. 𝑯. 𝑺
= (𝑏− 𝑐)(𝑎−𝑏) Hence 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 , 𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐 + 𝒅𝟐 are in G.P
2
∵ 𝑎𝑐 = 𝑏 Question#8
no

𝑎𝑑 = 𝑏𝑐
Show that the reciprocals of the terms of the
𝑏𝑑 = 𝑐 2
(𝑏−𝑐)2 geometric sequence 𝒂𝟏 , 𝒂𝟏 𝒓𝟐 , 𝒂𝟏 𝒓𝟒 ... form
= (𝑏− 𝑐)(𝑎−𝑏)
sy

another geometric sequence

(𝑏− 𝑐) 𝑏−𝑐
= (𝑎−𝑏)
= 𝑎−𝑏 … . (𝑖𝑖) Solution:
From (𝑖) & (𝑖𝑖) The sequence of reciprocal of the term is,
ea

1 1 1
𝑟 = 𝑟′ ,𝑎 2 ,𝑎 4
𝑎1 1𝑟 1𝑟
Therefore, To show this is in G.P.
𝑎 − 𝑏, 𝑏 − 𝑐 , 𝑐 − 𝑑 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝐺. 𝑃 𝑎
𝑟1 = 𝑎2
(𝒊𝒊). 𝒂𝟐 − 𝒃𝟐 , 𝒃𝟐 − 𝒄𝟐 , 𝒄𝟐 − 𝒅𝟐 𝒂𝒓𝒆 𝒊𝒏 𝑮. 𝑷. 1
1
Solution: =
𝑎1 𝑟2
1
To show, 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 , 𝑏 2 − 𝑐 2 , 𝑐 2 − 𝑑2 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝐺. 𝑃 𝑎1
1
So, =
𝑎1 𝑟 2
. 𝑎1
𝑏2 −𝑐 2 1
𝑟= … (𝑖) 𝑟1 = 2 … (𝑖)
𝑎 2 −𝑏2 𝑟
Also, Also,
𝑐 2 −𝑑2 𝑎
𝑟′ = 𝑏2 −𝑐 2 … (𝑖𝑖) 𝑟1′ = 𝑎3
2
1
𝑐 2 −𝑑2 𝑎 2 −𝑏2
= .
𝑏2 −𝑐 2 𝑎 2 −𝑏2 =
𝑎1 𝑟 4
1
𝑎 𝑐 −𝑎 𝑑 2 −𝑏2 𝑐 2 +𝑏2 𝑑2
2 2 2 1
= (𝑏2 −𝑐 2 )(𝑎2 −𝑏2 )
𝑎1 𝑟2
1
(𝑎𝑐)2 −(𝑎𝑑)2 −(𝑏𝑐)2 +(𝑎𝑐)2 = . 𝑎1 𝑟 2
= (𝑏2 −𝑐 2 )(𝑎2 −𝑏2 )
𝑎1 𝑟 4
1
𝑟′ = 𝑟2 … (𝑖𝑖)
From (𝑖), (𝑖𝑖), (𝑖𝑖𝑖)
From (𝑖) & (𝑖𝑖)
𝑟 = 𝑟′

20 | P a g e
Class 11 Chapter 6
𝑎1
The sequence of reciprocal of the term is, also 𝑟
+ 𝑎1 + 𝑎1 𝑟 = 26
𝑖𝑛 𝐺. 𝑃 1
⇒ 𝑎1 (𝑟 + 1 + 𝑟) = 26
Question#9
Multiplying by r
Find the nth term of the geometric sequence
𝒂𝟓 𝟒 𝟒 ⇒ 𝑎1 (1 + 𝑟 + 𝑟 2 ) = 26𝑟 … (𝑖)
if 𝒂𝟑
= 𝟗
and 𝒂𝟐 = 𝟗 Also given,
Solution: 𝑎
( 𝑟1 ) (𝑎1 ) (𝑎1 𝑟) = 216
Let 𝑎1 be the first term and r be the common ⇒ 𝑎1 3 = 216
ratio ⇒ 𝑎1 3 = (6)3
Since, ⇒ 𝑎1 = 6
𝑎5
=9
4 Putting in eq. (𝑖)
𝑎3
𝑎1 𝑟 5−1 4
⇒ 6(1 + 𝑟 + 𝑟 2 ) = 26𝑟
𝑎1 𝑟 3−1
=9 ⇒ 6 + 6𝑟 + 6𝑟 2 − 26𝑟 = 0
𝑟4 4 ⇒ 6𝑟 2 − 20𝑟 + 6 = 0
=9
𝑟2
4
⇒ 2(𝑟 2 − 10𝑟 + 3) = 0
⇒ 𝑟2 = 9 ⇒ 𝑟 2 − 10𝑟 + 3 = 0
2 10±√102 −4(3)(3)
⇒𝑟=± 𝑟=
3 2(3)
Also, 10±√100−36
4 𝑟= 2(3)
𝑎2 = 9

pk
10±√64
4 = 6
⇒ 𝑎1 𝑟 2−1 =
9 10±8
4 = 6
⇒ 𝑎1 𝑟 = 9 s. 10+8 10−8
When 𝑟 = 3
2 r= 6 or 𝑟 = 6
18 2 1
2 4 r= 6 =3 𝑟=6=3
⇒ 𝑎1 (3) = 9
te
4 3 When 𝑎1 = 6 and 𝑟 = 3
⇒ 𝑎1 = 9 . 2 𝑎1 6
2 =3=2
𝑟
no

⇒ 𝑎1 = 3 𝑎1 = 6
2
When 𝑟 = − 3 𝑎1 𝑟 = (6)(3) = 18
1
⇒ 𝑎1 (− 3) = 9
2 4 When 𝑎1 = 6 and 𝑟 = 3
sy

4 3 𝑎1 6
⇒ 𝑎1 = 9 . (− 2) 𝑟
= 1 = 6 × 3 = 18
3
2
⇒ 𝑎1 = − 3 𝑎1 = 6
ea

1
Since, 𝑎1 𝑟 = (6) (3) = 2
𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 𝑟 𝑛−1 Hence 2,6,18 or 18,6,2 are required numbers in
2 2
When 𝑎1 = 3 and 𝑟 = 3 G.P.
⇒ 𝑎𝑛 = (3) (3)
2 2 𝑛−1 Question#11
2 𝑛
If the sum of the four consecutive terms of a
=( ) G.P is 80 and A.M of the second and the
3
2 2
When 𝑎1 = − 3 and 𝑟 = − 3 fourth of them is 30. Find the terms.
⇒ 𝑎𝑛 = (− ) (− )
2 2 𝑛−1 Solution:
3 3
2 𝑛 2 𝑛
Let the four terms in 𝑎1 ,𝑎1 𝑟, 𝑎1 𝑟 2, 𝑎1 𝑟 3
= (− )
3
or (−1)𝑛 ( )
3 By the given condition
Question#10 𝑎1 ,𝑎1 𝑟, 𝑎1 𝑟 2 , 𝑎1 𝑟 3 = 80
Find three, consecutive numbers in G.P whose ⇒ 𝑎1 (1, 𝑟, 𝑟 2 , 𝑟 3 ) = 80
sum is 26 and their product is 216. ⇒ 𝑎1 [1(1 + 𝑟) + 𝑟 2 (1 + 𝑟)] = 80
Solution: ⇒ 𝑎1 (1 + 𝑟)(1 + 𝑟 2 ) = 80 … (𝑖)
Consider
𝑎1
, 𝑎1 , 𝑎1 𝑟 are three consecutive Also, we have given
𝑟 𝑎1 + 𝑎1 𝑟 3
numbers in G.P. 2
= 30
𝑎1 𝑟(1 + 𝑟 2 )
By the given condition ⇒ = 30
2

21 | P a g e
Class 11 Chapter 6
2)
⇒ 𝑎1 𝑟(1 + 𝑟 = 60 … (𝑖𝑖𝑖) ⇒ (𝑎1 − 4)2 = (𝑎1 + 𝑑 − 3)(𝑎1 − 𝑑 − 1)
From eq. (𝑖) Put 𝑎1 = 7
80
1 + 𝑟2 = 𝑎 ⇒ (7 − 4)2 = (7 + 𝑑 − 3)(7 − 𝑑 − 1)
1 (1+𝑟)
⇒ (3)2 = (7 + 𝑑 − 3)(7 − 𝑑 − 1)
Putting in (𝑖𝑖𝑖) ⇒ 9 = (𝑑 + 4)(8 − 𝑑)
80
𝑎1 𝑟 . 𝑎 (1+𝑟)
= 60 ⇒ 9 = 6𝑑 + 24 − 𝑑2 + 4𝑑
1
80𝑟
⇒ 1+𝑟 = 60 ⇒ 𝑑2 − 2𝑑 − 15 = 0
⇒ 𝑑(𝑑 − 5) + 3(𝑑 − 5) = 0
⇒ 80𝑟 = 60(1 + 𝑟)
⇒ (𝑑 − 5)(𝑑 + 3) = 0
⇒ 80𝑟 − 60𝑟 = 60
⇒𝑑−5=0 𝑑+3=0
⇒ 20𝑟 = 60
60
𝑑=5 𝑑 = −3
⇒ 𝑟 = 20 When 𝑎1 = 7 and 𝑑 = 5
⇒𝑟=3 𝑎1 − 𝑑 = 7 − 5 = 2
Putting values of r in eq. (𝑖) 𝑎1 = 7
𝑎1 (1 + 3)(1 + (3)2 ) = 80 𝑎1 + 𝑑 = 7 + 5 = 182
⇒ 𝑎1 (4)(10) = 80 When 𝑎1 = 7 and 𝑑 = 3
⇒ 40𝑎1 = 80 𝑎1 − 𝑑 = 7 − 3 = 4
⇒ 𝑎1 = 2 𝑎1 = 7
So, 𝑎1 + 𝑑 = 7 + 3 = 10
𝑎1 𝑟 2 = (2)(3)2 = 2 × 9 = 18 Hence 2,7,12, or 10,7,4are the required numbers.

pk
𝑎1 𝑟 3 = (2)(3)3 = 2 × 27 = 54
Hence 2,6,18,54 are the required numbers. Question#14
Question#12 If three consecutive numbers in A.P. are
s.
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
If 𝒂
, 𝒃 , 𝒄 are in G.P. show that the common increased by 1, 4, 15 respectively, the
𝒂 resulting numbers are in G.P. Find the
te
ratio is ±√ 𝒄
original numbers if their sum is 6.
Solution: Solution:
no

1 1 1
Since, 𝑎 , 𝑏 , 𝑐 are in G.P. Consider numbers 𝑎1 − 𝑑 , 𝑎1 , 𝑎1 + 𝑑 then,
Therefore, 𝑎1 − 𝑑 + 1 , 𝑎1 + 4 , 𝑎1 + 𝑑 + 1 are in G.P
1⁄ 𝑏
𝑟=1 𝑐
= … (𝑖𝑖) Condition 𝐼𝐼 ⇒ 𝑎1 − 𝑑 + 𝑎1 + 𝑎1 + 𝑑 = 6
sy

⁄𝑏 𝑐
2𝑎1 = 6 ⇒ 𝑎1 = 2
Multiplying (𝑖) and (𝑖𝑖) Condition I
𝑎 𝑏
𝑟. 𝑟 = 𝑏 . 𝑐 𝑎1 − 𝑑 + 1, 𝑎1 + 𝑑 + 15 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝐺. 𝑃
ea

⇒ 𝑟2 =
𝑎 𝑜𝑟 2 − 𝑑 + 1, 2 + 4, 2 + 𝑑 + 15 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝐺. 𝑃
𝑐 ⇒ 3 − 𝑑, 6,17 + 𝑑 𝑖𝑛 𝐺. 𝑃 (∵ 𝑎1 = 2)
𝑎 17+𝑑 6
⇒ 𝑟 = ±√ 𝑐  = (𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜)
6 3−𝑑
Proved. ⇒ (17 + 𝑑)(3 − 𝑑) = 36
51 − 17𝑑 + 3𝑑 − 𝑑 2 = 36
Question#13
−𝑑2 − 14𝑑 − 15 = 0
If the numbers 1,4 and 3 are subtracted from
𝑜𝑟 − 𝑑2 − 14𝑑 + 15 = 0
three consecutive terms of an A.P., the ⇒ 𝑑2 + 14𝑑 − 15 = 0
resulting numbers are in G.P. Find the numbers 𝑑2 + 15𝑑 − 𝑑 − 15 = 0
if their sum is 21. 𝑑(𝑑 + 15) − 1(𝑑 + 15) = 0
Solution: (𝑑 + 15) = 0, 𝑑 − 1 = 0
𝑑 = −15, 𝑑 = 1
Let 𝑎1 − 𝑑 , 𝑎1 , 𝑎1 + 𝑑 are three numbers in A.P.
When 𝑑 = −15, 𝑎1 = 2
⇒ 3𝑎1 = 21
𝑎1 + 𝑑 = 2 + (−15) = −13, 𝑎1 − 𝑑 = 2 − (15)
⇒ 𝑎1 = 7
= 17
Now, When 𝑑 = 1, 𝑎1 = 2
𝑎1 − 𝑑 − 1 , 𝑎1 − 4 , 𝑎1 + 𝑑 − 3 are in G.P. 𝑎1 + 𝑑 = 2 + 1 = 3 , 𝑎1 − 𝑑 = 2 − 1 = 1
therefore 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒 − 13,2,17 𝑜𝑟 1,2,3
𝑎1 −4 𝑎 +𝑑−3 Geometric means(G.M)
𝑟=𝑎 = 𝑎1 −𝑑−1
1 −𝑑−1 1

22 | P a g e
Class 11 Chapter 6
A number 𝐺 is said to be geometric mean 𝑎 and b
if 𝑎 , 𝐺, 𝑏 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝐺. 𝑃"
Exercise 6.7
In this case Question#1
𝐺 𝑏 Find G.M. between
𝑟= 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑟 = (𝒊). −𝟐 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝟖
𝑎 𝐺
𝐺 𝑏 Solution:
⇒ = ⇒ 𝐺 2 = 𝑎𝑏
𝑎 𝐺 𝑎 = −2 and 𝑏 = 8
𝑜𝑟 𝐺 = ±√𝑎𝑏
Since,
n Geometric means between two given numbers:
𝐺. 𝑀 = ±√𝑎𝑏
the numbers 𝑮𝟏 , 𝑮𝟐 , 𝑮𝟑 , … , 𝑮𝒏 are called n geometric
means between a and b if = ±√(−2)(8)
𝒂, 𝑮𝟏 , 𝑮𝟐 , 𝑮𝟑 , … , 𝑮𝒏 , 𝒃 𝒂𝒓𝒆 in G.P = ±√−16
Now = ±4𝑖
𝒂, 𝑮𝟏 , 𝑮𝟐 , 𝑮𝟑 , … , 𝑮𝒏 , 𝒃 𝒂𝒓𝒆 𝒊𝒏 𝑮. 𝑷 (𝒊𝒊). −𝟐𝒊 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝟖𝒊
Here 𝒂𝟏 = 𝒂, 𝒏 = 𝒏 + 𝟐, 𝒂𝒏+𝟐 = 𝒃 Solution:
 𝒂𝒏+𝟐 = 𝒂𝟏 𝒓𝒏+𝟐−𝟏 (∵ 𝒂𝒏 = 𝒂𝟏 𝒓𝒏−𝟏 ) 𝑎 = −2𝑖 and 𝑏 = 8𝑖
𝒏+𝟏
 𝒃 = 𝒂𝒓 Since,
𝟏
𝒃 𝒃 𝒏+𝟏 𝐺. 𝑀 = ±√𝑎𝑏
𝒐𝒓 = 𝒓𝒏+𝟏 𝒓 = ( )
𝒂 𝒂 = ±√(−2𝑖)(8𝑖)
Thus = ±√−16𝑖 2

pk
𝟏
𝑮𝟏 𝒃 𝒏+𝟏 = ±√16 ∵ 𝑖 2 = −1
𝒓= ⇒ 𝑮𝟏 = 𝒂𝒓 = 𝒂 ( ) = ±4
𝒂 𝒂
𝑮𝟏 s. Question#2
𝒓= ⇒ 𝑮𝟐 = 𝑮𝟏 𝒓 = 𝒂𝒓. 𝒓
𝑮𝟐 Insert two G.Ms. between
𝟐
𝒃 𝒏+𝟏 (𝒊). 𝟏 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝟖
te
⇒ 𝑮𝟐 = 𝒂𝒓𝟐 = 𝒂 ( ) Solution:
𝒂
𝟑
𝒃 𝒏+𝟏 Let 𝐺1 , 𝐺2 , are the two G.Ms. between 1 and 8.
no

𝑮𝟑 = 𝒂𝒓𝟑 = 𝒂 ( ) Here,
𝒂
⋮ 𝑎1 = 1
𝒏
𝑎4 = 8
𝒃 𝒏+𝟏
sy

𝑮𝒏 = 𝒂𝒓𝒏 = 𝒂 ( ) ⇒ 𝑎1 𝑟 3 = 8
𝒂
⇒ (1)𝑟 3 = 8
⇒ 𝑟 3 = (2)3
ea

⇒𝑟=2
Note :
1+2+3+⋯+𝑛 𝑛 Now,
𝑏
𝑛
𝑛+1
𝑛
𝑏 2 𝐺1 = 𝑎2 = 𝑎1 𝑟 = (1)(2) = 2
𝐺1 , 𝐺2 , 𝐺3 , … . , 𝐺𝑛 = 𝑎 ( ) =𝑎 ( )
𝑎 𝑎 𝐺2 = 𝑎3 = 𝑎1 𝑟 2 = (1)(2)2 = (1)(4) = 4
And
1
Hence, 2,4 are the two G.Ms. between 1 and 8
𝑛 𝑏 2 (𝒊𝒊). 𝟐 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝟏𝟔
√𝐺1 , 𝐺2 , 𝐺3 , … , 𝐺𝑛 = 𝑎 ( ) = √𝑎𝑏
𝑎 Solution:
= 𝐺 = 𝐺. 𝑀 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏 Let 𝑮𝟏 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑮𝟐 be two G.Ms between 𝟐 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝟏𝟔
Remembers that then
𝟐, 𝑮𝟏 , 𝑮𝟐 , 𝟏𝟔 𝒂𝒓𝒆 𝒊𝒏 𝑮. 𝑷
 If the number of required 𝐺. 𝑀′𝑠 is even, there
Here 𝒂𝟏 = 𝟐 , 𝒏 = 𝟒 , 𝒂𝟒 = 𝟏𝟔
is only one set of G.M’s we talk value of r only
positive. So 𝒂𝟒 = 𝒂𝟏 𝒓𝟑 ∵ 𝒂𝒏 = 𝒂𝟏 𝒂𝒏−𝟏
 If the number of required G.M ‘s is odd, there  𝟏𝟔 = (𝟐)𝟑
is two sets of G.M’s i.e; we take value of r both  𝟖 = 𝒓𝟑 𝒐𝒓 (𝒓)𝟑 = (𝟐)𝟑
 𝒓=𝟐
positive and negative.
Thus 𝑮𝟏 = 𝒂𝟏 𝒓 = (𝟐)(𝟐) = 𝟒
𝑮𝟐 = 𝒂𝟏 𝒓𝟐 = (𝟐)(𝟐)𝟐 = 𝟖
Question#3
Insert three G.Ms. between
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Class 11 Chapter 6
(𝒊). 𝟏 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝟏𝟔 If both 𝒙 and 𝒚 are positive distinct real
Solution: numbers, show that the geometric mean
Let 𝐺1 , 𝐺2 , 𝐺3 are the two G.Ms. between 1 and 16. between 𝒙 and 𝒚 is less than their arithmetic
Here, mean.
𝑎1 = 1 Solution:
𝑎5 = 16
Suppose,
⇒ 𝑎1 𝑟 4 = 16
𝐴>𝐺
⇒ (1)𝑟 4 = 16
⇒ 𝑟 4 = (2)4 Then
𝑥+𝑦
⇒𝑟=2 ⇒ 2
> ±√𝑥𝑦
Now, ⇒ 𝑥 + 𝑦 > ±2√𝑥𝑦
𝐺1 = 𝑎2 = 𝑎1 𝑟 = (1)(2) = 2 ⇒ 𝑥 + 𝑦 ∓ 2√𝑥𝑦 > 0
𝐺2 = 𝑎3 = 𝑎1 𝑟 2 = (1)(2)2 = (1)(4) = 4 2 2
𝐺3 = 𝑎4 = 𝑎1 𝑟 3 = (1)(2)3 = (1)(8) = 8 ⇒ (√𝑥) + (√𝑦) ∓ 2√𝑥𝑦 > 0
2
Hence, 2,4 ,8 are the three G.Ms. between 1 and ⇒ (√𝑥 ∓ √𝑦) > 0
16 Which is true as square is always +𝑣𝑒
(𝒊𝒊). 𝟐 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝟑𝟐 Hence, 𝐴 > 𝐺
Solution: Question#6
let 𝑔1 , 𝐺2 , 𝐺3 , 𝑏𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑒𝑒 G.Ms between 2,32 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝒂𝒏 +𝒃𝒏
For what value of n, is the positive

pk
2 𝐺1 , 𝐺2 , 𝐺3 , 32 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝐺. 𝑃 𝒂𝒏−𝟏 +𝒃𝒏−𝟏

Here 𝑎1 = 2, 𝑛 = 5, 𝑎5 = 32 geometric mean between a and b?

 𝑎5 = 𝑎1 𝑟 4 ∵ 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 𝑟 𝑛−1 Solution:
Since G.M. between a and b. = √𝑎𝑏 … . (𝑖)
𝑜𝑟 32 = (2)𝑟 4

⇒ 𝑟 4 = 16 𝑜𝑟 (𝑟)4 = (2)4
s.But we have given 𝐴. 𝑀. = 𝑎𝑛−1 +𝑏𝑛−1 … (𝑖𝑖)
𝑎 𝑛 +𝑏𝑛

𝑠𝑜 𝑟 = 2
te
Comparing (𝑖) and (𝑖𝑖)
So 𝐺1 = 𝑎1 𝑟 = (2)(2) = 4 𝑎 𝑛 +𝑏𝑛
𝐺2 = 𝑎1 𝑟 2 = (2)(2)2 = 8 = √𝑎𝑏
𝑎 𝑛−1 +𝑏𝑛−1
no

𝐺3 = 𝑎1 𝑟 3 = (2)(2)3 = 16 By cross multiplying

Question#4 ⇒ (𝑎𝑛 + 𝑏 𝑛 ) = 𝑎2 𝑏 2 (𝑎𝑛−1 + 𝑏 𝑛−1 )
1 1

Insert four real geometric means between 3 1 1 1 1

⇒ 𝑎𝑛 + 𝑏 𝑛 = 𝑎𝑛−2 𝑏 2 + 𝑎2 𝑏 𝑛−2
sy

and 96. 1 1 1 1
⇒ 𝑎𝑛 − 𝑎𝑛−2 𝑏 2 = 𝑎2 𝑏 𝑛−2 − 𝑏 𝑛
Solution: 1 1 1 1 1 1

Let 𝐺1 , 𝐺2 , 𝐺3 and , 𝐺4 are the two G.Ms. between ⇒ 𝑎𝑛−2 (𝑎 2 − 𝑏 2 ) = 𝑏 𝑛−2 (𝑎 2 − 𝑏 2 )

ea

1 1
1 and 16. ⇒ 𝑎𝑛−2 = 𝑏 𝑛−2
Here, 𝑎
𝑛−
1
2
⇒ =1
𝑎1 = 3 𝑛−
𝑏 2
1

𝑎6 = 96 𝑎 𝑛−2
1
𝑎 0 𝑎 0
⇒ 𝑎1 𝑟 5 = 96 ⇒ (𝑏 ) = (𝑏 ) ∵ (𝑏 ) = 1
⇒ (3)𝑟 5 = 96 ⇒𝑛 −
1
=0
96 2
⇒ 𝑟 5 = = 32 1
3 ⇒𝑛=
2
⇒ 𝑟 5 = 32
Question#7
⇒ 𝑟 5 = (2)5
⇒𝑟=2 The A.M. of two positive integral numbers
Now, exceeds their (positive) G.M. by 2 and their
𝐺1 = 𝑎2 = 𝑎1 𝑟 = (3)(2) = 6 sum is 20, find the numbers
𝐺2 = 𝑎3 = 𝑎1 𝑟 2 = (3)(2)2 = (3)(4) = 12 Solution:
𝐺3 = 𝑎4 = 𝑎1 𝑟 3 = (3)(2)3 = (3)(8) = 24 Let a and b be two positive integers then by given
𝐺4 = 𝑎5 = 𝑎1 𝑟 4 = (3)(2)4 = (3)(16) = 48 condition
Hence, 6,12 ,24,48 are the four G.Ms. between 1 𝐴. 𝑀. = 𝐺. 𝑀. +2
and 8 ⇒
𝑎+𝑏
= √𝑎𝑏 + 2
2
Question#5
⇒ 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 2(√𝑎𝑏 + 2) … (𝑖)
24 | P a g e
Class 11 Chapter 6
Also, we have given Putting in (𝑖𝑖)
𝑎 + 𝑏 = 20 … . (𝑖𝑖) 16 16
⇒𝑏= 8
, 𝑏= 2
Comparing (𝑖) and (𝑖𝑖)
⇒𝑏=2 , 𝑏=8
2(√𝑎𝑏 + 2) = 20
Hence , 8,2 or 2,8 are the required numbers
⇒ 2√𝑎𝑏 + 4 = 20
Sum of n terms of a Geometric series
⇒ 2√𝑎𝑏 = 20 − 4
⇒ 2√𝑎𝑏 = 16 𝒂𝟏 (𝒓𝒏 − 𝟏)
𝑺𝒏 = , |𝒓| > 𝟏
16
⇒ √𝑎𝑏 = 2 𝒓−𝟏
𝒂𝟏 (𝟏−𝒓𝒏 )
⇒ √𝑎𝑏 = 8 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑺𝒏 = , |𝒓| < 𝟏
𝟏−𝒓
By squaring
⇒ 𝑎𝑏 = 64 Proof:
64
⇒ 𝑏 = 𝑎 … (𝑖𝑖𝑖) We know that if the sequence {𝑎𝑛 } is a geometric
Putting in (𝑖𝑖) sequence then
64
𝑎+ = 20
2
𝑎 𝑆𝑛 = 𝑎1 + 𝑎1 𝑟 + 𝑎1 𝑟 2 + ⋯ + 𝑎1 𝑟 𝑛−1
⇒ 𝑎 + 64 = 20 𝑎
⇒ 𝑎2 − 20𝑎 + 64 = 0 ′ ×′ 𝑛𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑏𝑦 (1-r)
⇒ 𝑎2 − 16𝑎 − 4𝑎 + 64 = 0
⇒ 𝑎(𝑎 − 16) − 4(𝑎 − 16) = 0 (1 − 𝑟)𝑆𝑛 = (1 − 𝑟)(𝑎1 + 𝑎1 𝑟 + 𝑎1 𝑟 2 + ⋯ + 𝑎1 𝑟 𝑛−1 )

pk
⇒ (𝑎 − 16)(𝑎 − 4) = 0 = 𝑎1 + 𝑎1 𝑟 + 𝑎1 𝑟 2 + ⋯ + 𝑎1 𝑟 𝑛−1 − 𝑎1 𝑟 𝑛
𝑎 − 16 = 0 , 𝑎 − 4 = 0
(1 − 𝑟)𝑆𝑛 = 𝑎1 − 𝑎1 𝑟 𝑛
𝑎 = 16 ,𝑎=4 s.
Putting in (𝑖𝑖𝑖) (1 − 𝑟)𝑆𝑛 = 𝑎1 − 𝑎1 𝑟 𝑛
64 64
⇒ 𝑏 = 16 , 𝑏= 𝑎1 (1−𝑟 𝑛 )
te
4  𝑆𝑛 = 1−𝑟
𝑖𝑓 |𝑟| < 1
⇒𝑏=4 , 𝑏 = 16
Hence , 16,4 or 4,16 are the required numbers 𝑎1 (𝑟 𝑛 − 1)
𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑆𝑛 = 𝑖𝑓 |𝑟| > 1
no

Question#8 𝑟−1
The A.M. between two numbers is 5 and their
(positive) G.M. is 4. Find the numbers.
sy

The infinite Geometric series

Solution:
𝒂𝟏
Let a and b be two positive integers then 𝑺∞ = 𝒊𝒇 |𝒓| < 𝟏
𝟏−𝒓
ea

𝐴. 𝑀. = 5
⇒
𝑎+𝑏
=5 Proof:
2
⇒ 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 10 … (𝑖)
We know that
Also, we have given
𝒂𝟏 + 𝒂𝟏 𝒓 + 𝒂𝟏 𝒓𝟐 + ⋯ + 𝒂𝟏 𝒓𝒏−𝟏 + ⋯ ∞
𝐺. 𝑀. = 4 … . (𝑖𝑖)
Is called an infinite geometric series. It is
⇒ √𝑎𝑏 = 4
denoted by 𝑺∞
By squaring
𝒂𝟏 (𝟏 − 𝒓𝒏 )
⇒ 𝑎𝑏 = 16 𝑺𝒏 = 𝒊𝒇 |𝒓| < 𝟏
16 𝟏−𝒓
⇒𝑏= … (𝑖𝑖) But we do not know how to odd infinite many
𝑎
Putting in (𝑖) terms of the series. So for this purpose
16
𝑎+ 𝑎
= 10 applying limit as
2
⇒ 𝑎 + 16 = 10𝑎 𝒏→∞
𝒊. 𝒆
⇒ 𝑎2 − 10𝑎 + 16 = 0 𝒂𝟏 (𝟏 − 𝒓𝒏 )
𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝑺𝒏 = 𝐥𝐢𝐦
⇒ 𝑎2 − 8𝑎 − 2𝑎 + 16 = 0 𝒏→∞ 𝒏→∞ 𝟏−𝒓
⇒ 𝑎(𝑎 − 8) − 2(𝑎 − 8) = 0 ∵ |𝒓| < 𝟏, 𝒊𝒕 𝒇𝒐𝒍𝒍𝒐𝒘 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒕
⇒ (𝑎 − 8)(𝑎 − 2) = 0 𝒓𝒏 𝒈𝒆𝒕𝒔 𝒔𝒎𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒆𝒓 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒔𝒎𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒆𝒓 𝒂𝒔 𝒏 𝒈𝒆𝒕𝒔 𝒍𝒂𝒓𝒈𝒆𝒓
𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒍𝒂𝒓𝒈𝒆𝒓 𝒔𝒐
𝑎−8=0 ,𝑎−2=0
When 𝒏 → ∞ then 𝒓𝒏 → 𝟎
𝑎=8 ,𝑎=2
Now
25 | P a g e
Class 11 Chapter 6
𝒂𝟏 (𝟏 − 𝒐) 𝟏𝟒𝟑𝟒𝟖𝟗𝟎𝟔
𝑺∞ = 𝑺𝟏𝟓 =
𝟏−𝒓 𝟐. 𝟑𝟏𝟒
𝒂𝟏 𝟏𝟒𝟑𝟒𝟖𝟗𝟎𝟔 𝟕𝟏𝟕𝟒𝟒𝟓𝟑
⇒ 𝑺∞ = 𝑺𝟏𝟓 = =
𝟏−𝒓 𝟐(𝟒𝟕𝟖𝟐𝟔𝟗) 𝟒𝟕𝟖𝟐𝟗𝟔𝟗
𝑵𝒐𝒕𝒆 𝑺∞ 𝒊𝒔 𝒐𝒏𝒍𝒚 𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒃𝒍𝒆 𝒊𝒇 |𝒓| < 𝟏 Question No.2 Sum to n terms, the series
If |𝒓| > 𝟏 (𝒊) . 𝟐+. 𝟐𝟐+. 𝟐𝟐𝟐 + ⋯
When 𝒓𝒏 does not tend to zero when 𝒏 → ∞ (𝒊𝒊)𝟑 + 𝟑𝟑 + 𝟑𝟑𝟑 + ⋯
 𝑺𝒏 does not tend to a limit and the Solution:
series does not converge in this series (i)
does not converge in this case so the 𝟎. 𝟐 + 𝟎. 𝟐𝟐 + 𝟎. 𝟐𝟐𝟐 + ⋯ 𝒏 𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒔
series is divergent. = 2[0.1 + 0.11 + 0.111 + ⋯ + 𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑠]
2
𝒊𝒇 𝒓 = 𝟏 = (0.9 + 0.99 + 0.999 + ⋯ + 𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑠)
9
Then the series becomes as 2 9 99 999
𝒂𝟏 + 𝒂𝟏 + 𝒂𝟏 + ⋯ + 𝒂𝒏𝒅 = ( + + + ⋯ + 𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑠)
9 10 100 1000
𝑺𝒏 2 1 1 1
= 𝒏𝒂𝟏 𝒊𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒊𝒔 𝒄𝒂𝒔𝒆 𝑺𝒏 𝒅𝒐𝒆𝒔 𝒏𝒐𝒕 𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒅 𝒕𝒐 𝒂 𝒍𝒊𝒎𝒊𝒕 = [(1 − ) + (1 − ) + (1 − )+⋯
9 10 100 1000
When 𝒏 → ∞ and the series does not + 𝑛 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑠]
converge.
2
𝒊𝒇 𝒓 = −𝟏 = [(1 + 1 + 1 + ⋯ 𝑛 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑠)
9

pk
Then the series becomes 1 1 1
−( + + + ⋯ 𝑛 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑠)]
as 𝒂𝟏 − 𝒂𝟏 + 𝒂𝟏 + 𝒂𝟏 − 𝒂𝟏 + ⋯ 10 100 1000
𝒂𝟏 −(−𝟏)𝒏 𝒂𝟏 1 1 𝑛
and 𝑺𝒏 = 2 10
(1−( ) )
10 1 1
𝟐
s. = 9
[𝑛 − 9 ] ∵ 𝑎1 = 10 𝑟 = 10 < 1
i.e 𝑺𝒏 = 𝒂𝟏 𝒊𝒇 𝒏 𝒊𝒔 + 𝒗𝒆 𝒐𝒅𝒅 𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓. 10

𝒂𝟏 − (−𝟏)𝒏 𝒂𝟏 2 1 1
= (𝑛 − (1 − 𝑛 ))
te
𝑺𝒏 = 9 9 10
𝟐
𝒊. 𝒆 𝑺𝒏 = 𝒂𝟏 𝒊𝒇 𝒏 𝒊𝒔 + 𝒗𝒆 odd number. 𝑺𝒏 = 𝟎 if (𝒊𝒊) 𝟑 + 𝟑𝟑 + 𝟑𝟑𝟑 + ⋯
Solution:
no

n is +𝒗𝒆 even number.

Thus 𝑺𝒏 does not tend to a definite number = 𝟑(𝟏 + 𝟏𝟏 + 𝟏𝟏𝟏 + ⋯ 𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒔)
𝟑
when = (𝟗 + 𝟗𝟗 + 𝟗𝟗𝟗 + ⋯ 𝒏 𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒔)
𝟗
sy

𝒏→∞ 𝟏
= [(𝟏𝟎 − 𝟏) + (𝟏𝟎𝟎 − 𝟏) + (𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 − 𝟏) + ⋯ 𝒏 𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒔]
In such a case we say that the series is 𝟑
𝟏
oscillatory. = [(𝟏𝟎 + 𝟏𝟎𝟎 + 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 + ⋯ 𝒏 𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒔] − (𝟏 + 𝟏 + 𝟏 + ⋯ 𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒔)
ea

𝟑
𝒂𝟏 = 𝟏𝟎, 𝒓 = 𝟏𝟎 > 𝟏
Exercise 6.8 𝟏 (𝟏𝟎)(𝟏𝟎)𝒏 − 𝟏
Question No.1 = [
𝟑 𝟏𝟎 − 𝟏
−𝒏]
Find the sum of first 15 terms of the 1 10(10𝑛 − 1
𝟏 𝟏 = ( − 𝑛)
geometric sequence 𝟏, 𝟑 , 𝟗 3 9
Solution: 1 10
= ( (10𝑛 − 1) − 𝑛)
𝟏 3 9
𝟏
𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆 𝒂𝟏 = 𝟏 , 𝒓 = 𝟑 = < 𝟏
Question No.3
𝟏 𝟑 Sum to n terms the series
𝒂𝟏 (𝟏 − 𝒓𝒏 ) (𝒊) 𝟏 + (𝒂 + 𝒃) + (𝒂𝟐 + 𝒂𝒃 + 𝒃𝟐 ) + (𝒂𝟑 + 𝒂𝟐 𝒃 + 𝒂𝒃𝟐
∵ 𝑺𝒏 = 𝒊𝒇 𝒓 < 𝟏
𝟏−𝒓 + 𝒃𝟐 + ⋯
𝟏 𝟏𝟓 Solution:
(𝟏) (𝟏 − ( ) )
𝟑
⇒ 𝑺𝟏𝟓 = 1 + (𝑎 + 𝑏) + (𝑎2 + 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏 2 ) + (𝑎3 + 𝑎2 𝑏 + 𝑎𝑏 2
𝟏 + 𝑏3 + ⋯
𝟏−𝟑
′ ×′ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ÷ 𝑏𝑦 (𝑎 − 𝑏)
𝟏 𝟑𝟏𝟓 − 𝟏
𝟏 − 𝟏𝟓 1
= 𝟑 = 𝟑𝟏𝟓 = [(𝑎 − 𝑏) + (𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 ) + (𝑎3 − 𝑏 3
𝟑−𝟏 𝟐 𝑎−𝑏
𝟑 𝟑 + ⋯ 𝑛 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑠]
𝟑 𝟏𝟒𝟑𝟒𝟖𝟗𝟎𝟕 − 𝟏
𝑺𝟏𝟓 = [ ]
𝟐 𝟑𝟏𝟓

26 | P a g e
Class 11 Chapter 6
1 240 15
= [(𝑎 + 𝑎2 + 𝑎3 + ⋯ 𝑛 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑠) − (𝑏 + 𝑏 2 + 𝑏 3 𝑆8 = =
𝑎−𝑏 64(1 + 𝑖) 4(1 + 𝑖)
+ ⋯ 𝑛 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑠] 15 1−𝑖
∵ 𝑎1 = 𝑎 𝑟 = 𝑎 𝑆8 = ×
4(1 + 𝑖) 1 − 𝑖
1 𝑎(1 − 𝑎𝑛 ) 𝑏(1 − 𝑏 𝑛 ) 15(1 − 𝑖) 15(1 − 𝑖)
= [ − ] 𝑆8 = =
𝑎−𝑏 1−𝑎 1−𝑏 2
4(1 − 𝑖 ) 4(1 − (−1))
1 𝑎(1 − 𝑏)(1 − 𝑎 − 𝑏(1 − 𝑎)(1 − 𝑏 𝑛
𝑛)
= [ ] 15(1 − 𝑖) 15(1 − 𝑖)
𝑎−𝑏 (1 − 𝑎)(1 − 𝑏) 𝑆8 = =
4(2) 8
𝑎(1 − 𝑏)(1 − 𝑎𝑛 ) − 𝑏(1 − 𝑎)(1 − 𝑏 𝑛 ) 5(1−ⅈ)
= Thus 𝑆8 =
(𝑎 − 𝑏)(1 − 𝑎)(1 − 𝑏) 8
𝒊𝒊) 𝒓 + (𝟏 + 𝒌)(𝒓𝟐 ) + (𝟏 + 𝒌 + 𝒌𝟐 )𝒓𝟑 + ⋯ Question No.5
Solution: Find the sums of the following infinite
𝑟 + (1 + 𝑘)(𝑟 2 ) + (1 + 𝑘 + 𝑘 2 )𝑟 3 + ⋯ geometric series
′ ×′ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ÷ 𝑏𝑦 (𝑎 − 𝑏) 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
(𝒊) + + +⋯
1 𝟓 𝟐𝟓 𝟏𝟐𝟓
= [(1 − 𝑘)𝑟 + (1 − 𝑘 2 )𝑟 2 + (1 − 𝑘 3 )𝑟 3
1−𝑘 Solution:
+ ⋯ 𝑛 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑠] 1
1
1 5
1 Here 𝑎1 = 5 , 𝑟 = 25
1 = 25 × 1
= [𝑟 − 𝑟𝑘 + 𝑟 2 − 𝑟 2 𝑘 2 + 𝑟 3 − 𝑟 3 𝑘 3 5
1−𝑘 1 1
+ ⋯ 𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑠] 𝑎1
1 ∵ 𝑆∞ = = 5 =5
1−𝑟 1−1 4

pk
= [𝑟 + 𝑟 2 + 𝑟 3 + ⋯ 𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑠]
−𝑘 5 5
− (𝑘𝑟 + 𝑘 2 𝑟 2 + 𝑘 3 𝑟 3 + ⋯ 1 5 1
𝑆∞ = × =
+ 𝑛 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑠) s. 5 4 4
1 1 1
1 𝑟(1 − 𝑟 𝑛 ) 𝑘𝑟(1 − (𝑘𝑟)𝑛 (𝑖𝑖) + + + ⋯
2 4 8
= [ − ]
1−𝑘 1−𝑟 1 − 𝑘𝑟 Solution:
te
𝑟 1 − 𝑟 𝑛 𝑘(1 − 𝑘 𝑛 𝑟 𝑛 1
= [ − ] 1 1 2 1
1−𝑘 1−𝑟 1 − 𝑘𝑟 ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑎1 = , 𝑟 = 4 = × =
Question No.4 2 1 4 1 2
no

𝟏 2
Sum the series 𝟐 + (𝟏 − 𝒊) + 𝒊 + ⋯ 𝒕𝒐 𝟖 𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒔 1 1
𝑎1 2
1 𝑆∞ = = = 2 =1
2 + (1 − 𝑖) + + ⋯ 𝑡𝑜 8 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑠 1−𝑟 1−1 1
𝑖
sy

1−ⅈ
2 2
Here 𝑎1 = 2, 𝑟 = 2 , 𝑛 = 8 < 1 9 3 2
(𝑖𝑖𝑖) + + 1 + + ⋯
𝑎1 (1 − 𝑟 𝑛 ) 4 2 3
∵ 𝑆𝑛 = Solution:
ea

1−𝑟
1−𝑖 8 3 3
2 [1 − ( 2 ) ] 9 3 4 2
𝑎1 = , 𝑟 = = 2 = × =
2
𝑆8 = 4 9 9 2 9 3
1−𝑖 4 4
1− 2 9 9
2[28 − (1 − 𝑖)8 ] 𝑎1 4
𝑆8 = ∵ 𝑆∞ = = = 4
2−1+𝑖 1−𝑟 1−2 3−2
28 ( 2 ) 3 3
8
2 − (1 − 𝑖) 8 9
9 3 27
𝑆8 =
26 (1 + 𝑖) 𝑆∞ = 4 = × =
1/3 4 1 4
256 − [(1 − 𝑖)2 ]4 (𝑖𝑣) 2 + 1 + 0.5 + ⋯
𝑆8 =
64(1 + 𝑖) Solution:
256[1 + 𝑖 2 − 2𝑖]4 1
𝑆8 = ∵ 𝑖 2 = −1 Here 𝑎1 = 2, 𝑟 = 2
64(1 + 𝑖)
𝑎1 2 2 2
256 − (−2𝑖)4 ∵ 𝑆∞ = = = =2×
𝑆8 = 1−𝑟 1− 1 1 1
64(1 + 𝑖) 2 2
256 − 16𝑖 4 𝑆∞ = 4
𝑆8 =
64(1 + 𝑖) (𝑣) 4 + 2√2 + 2√2 + 1 + ⋯
256 − 16 Solution:
𝑆8 = ∵ 𝑖 4 = (𝑖 2 )2 = (−1)2 = 1
64(1 + 𝑖) 2√2 √2 √2
Here 𝑎1 = 4, 𝑟=
4
=
2
=
√2√2

27 | P a g e
Class 11 Chapter 6
1 𝑎1 0.259
𝑆∞ = 𝑆∞ = =
√2 1 − 𝑟 1 − 0.001
𝑎1 4 259
∵ 𝑆∞ = = 0.259 1000 259
1−𝑟 1− 1 = =
999
=
0.999 999
√2 1000
4 4√2 (𝑖𝑣)1. 5̇3̇
𝑆∞ = =
√2 − 1 √2 − 1 Solution:
√2 1. 5̇3̇ = 1.53 53 53 …
4√2 √2 + 1 = 1 + 0.535353 …
= ×
√2 − 1 √2 + 1 = 1 + (0.53 + 0.0053 + ⋯ )
4√2(√2 + 1) 4(2 + √2) 0.0053
= = 𝑎1 = 0.53, 𝑟 = = 0.01
2 2−1 0.53
(√2) − (1)2 𝑎1 0.53
4(2 + √2) 1+ =1+
1−𝑟 1 − 0.01
𝑆∞ = = 4(2 + √2) = 4(2 + √2) 53
1
(𝑣𝑖) 0.1 + 0.05 + 0.025 + ⋯ 0.53 100
=1+ =1+
0.99 99
Solution: 100
0.05 53 99 + 53 152
𝑎1 = 0.1, 𝑟= = 𝑜. 5 =1+ = =
0.1 99 99 99
𝑎1 0.1 0.1
∵ 𝑆∞ = = =

pk
1 − 𝑟 1 − 0.5 0.5 (𝑣) 0. 1̇5̇9̇
⇒ 𝑆∞ = 0.2
Solution:
Question No.6
0. 1̇5̇9̇ = 0.159 159 159 …
Find vulgar fractions equivalent to the following s. 0.159 + 0.000159 + ⋯
recurring decimal’s 0.000159
(𝑖) 1. 3̇4̇ 𝑎1 = 0.159, 𝑟 = = 0.001
te
0.159
Solution: 𝑎1 0.159
𝑆∞ = =
1. 3̇4̇ = 1.34 34 34 … 1 − 𝑟 1 − 0.001
no

159
= 1 + 0.34 34 34 … 0.159 1000 159
= 1 + (0.34 + 0.0034 + ⋯ ) = = =
0.999 999 999
0.0034 1000
𝑎1 = 0.34, 𝑟 = = 0.01
sy

0.34 (𝑣𝑖) 1. 14̇7̇

𝑎!
=1+ Solution:
1−𝑟
0.34 0.34 1. 14̇7̇ = 1.1474747 …
ea

=1+ =1+ 1.1 + 0.0474747 …

1 − 0.01 0.99
34 99 + 34 133 = 1.1 + 0.47 + 0.00047 + ⋯
=1+ = = 0.00047
99 99 99 𝑎1 = 0.047, 𝑟 = = 0.01
(𝑖𝑖) 0. 7̇ 0.047
𝑎1
Solution: = 1.1 +
1−𝑟
0. 7̇ = 0.7777 … 0.047 0.047
= 0.7 + 0.07 + 0.007 + ⋯ = 1.1 + = 1.1 +
1 − 0.01 0.99
0.07 47
𝑎1 = 0.7 , 𝑟 = = 0.1 47 100
0.7 = 1.1 + 1000 = 1.1 + ×
𝑎1 0.7 0.7 99 1000 99
∵ 𝑆∞ = = = 100
1 − 𝑟 1 − 0.1 0.9 47 11 47
7 = 1.1 + = +
10 7 990 10 990
𝑆∞ = = 1089 + 47 1136
9 9 = =
10 990 990
(𝑖𝑖𝑖) 0. 2̇5̇9̇ Vuigar fraction:
Solution: A fraction whose numerator and denominator
0. 2̇5̇9̇ = 0.259 259 259 … both are integers is called vulgar fraction or
0.259 + 0.000259 + ⋯
common fraction.
0.000259
𝑎1 = 0.259, 𝑟 =
0.259
= 0.001 Proper fraction:

28 | P a g e
Class 11 Chapter 6
If the numerator of the fraction is less than Hence proved.
the denominator, the fraction is called Question No.9
proper fraction. 𝟐 𝟒 𝟖 𝟑 𝟑
𝒊𝒇 𝒚 = 𝒙 + 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙 + ⋯ 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒊𝒇 𝟎 < 𝒙 < ,
Question No.7 𝟑 𝟗 𝟐𝟕 𝟐
𝟑𝒚
Then show that 𝒙 = 𝟐(𝟏+𝒚)
Find the sum to infinity of the series
𝒓 + (𝟏 + 𝒌)𝒓𝟐 + (𝟏 + 𝒌 + 𝒌𝟐 )𝒓𝟑 + ⋯ Solution:
𝒓 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒌 𝒃𝒆𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒑𝒆𝒓 𝒇𝒓𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔. 2 4 8
𝑦 = 𝑥 + 𝑥2 + 𝑥3 + ⋯
Solution: 3 9 27
4 2
𝑟 + (1 + 𝑘)𝑟 2 + (1 + 𝑘 + 𝑘 2 )𝑟 3 + ⋯ 2 𝑥 4 3
′ ×′ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ÷ 𝑏𝑦 1 − 𝑘 𝑎1 = 𝑥, 𝑟 = 9 = 𝑥 2 ×
3 2 9 2𝑥
1 3𝑥
= [(1 − 𝑘)𝑟 + (1 − 𝑘 2 )𝑟 2 + (1 − 𝑘 3 )𝑟 3 2𝑥
𝑘−1 ⇒𝑟=
+ ⋯ 𝑛 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑠] 3
1 𝑎1
= [𝑟 − 𝑟𝑘 + 𝑟 2 − 𝑘 2 𝑟 2 + 𝑟 3 − 𝑘 3 𝑟 3 ∵ 𝑆∞ =
𝑘−1 1−𝑟
2 2𝑥
+ ⋯ 𝑛 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑠] 3 𝑥 3
1 𝑦= =
= [(𝑟 + 𝑟 2 + 𝑟 3 + ⋯ 𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑠) − (𝑘𝑟 + 𝑘 2 𝑟 2 2𝑥 3 − 2𝑥
1−𝑘 1− 3 3
+ 𝑘 3 𝑟 3 + ⋯ 𝑛 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑠] 2𝑥
𝑜𝑟 𝑦 =
1 𝑟 𝑘𝑟 𝑎1 3 − 2𝑥

pk
= [ − ] ∵ 𝑆∞ = 𝑦 = (3 − 2𝑥) = 2𝑥
1 − 𝑘 1 − 𝑟 1 − 𝑘𝑟 𝑎−𝑟
1 𝑟(1 − 𝑘𝑟) − 𝑘𝑟(1 − 𝑟) ⇒ 3𝑦 − 2𝑥𝑦 = 2𝑥
= [ ] 𝑜𝑟 3𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 2𝑥𝑦
1−𝑘 (1 − 𝑟)(1 − 𝑘𝑟) s.
1 𝑟 − 𝑘𝑟 2 − 𝑘𝑟 + 𝑘𝑟 2 3𝑦 = 2𝑥(1 + 𝑦)
= [ ] 3𝑦
1 − 𝑘 (1 − 𝑟)(1 − 𝑘𝑟) ⇒ = 2𝑥
1+𝑦
te
1 𝑟 − 𝑘𝑟
= ( ) 3𝑦
1 − 𝑘 (1 − 𝑟)(1 − 𝑘𝑟) 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 =
1 𝑟(1 − 𝑘) 𝑟 2(1 + 𝑦)
no

= [
1 − 𝑘 (1 − 𝑟)(1 − 𝑘𝑟)
]=
(1 − 𝑟)(1 − 𝑘𝑟) Hence proved.
Question No.9 Question No.10
𝑥 1 1 A ball is dropped from a height of 27 meters
If 𝑦 = 2 + 4 𝑥 2 + 8 𝑥 3 + ⋯ and if 0 < 𝑥 < 2, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛
sy

and distance it falls. If it continues to fall in

Prove that
the same way what distance will be ball
2𝑦
𝑥= travel before coming to rest.?
ea

1+𝑦
Solution: Solution:
𝑥 1 2 1 3 According to given condition
𝑦= + 𝑥 + 𝑥 +⋯
2 4 8 2 2 2
1 2 27,2(27) × , 2(27) × ( ) , …
𝑥 𝑥 1 2 3 3
𝑎1 = , 𝑟 = 4 = 𝑥2 × So
2 1 4 𝑥
2𝑥 2 2 2
𝑥 𝑆∞ = 27 + 2 × 27 × + 2 × 27 ( ) + ⋯
⇒𝑟= 3 3
2 12 2
𝑎1 = 27 + 2(18 + 12 + ⋯ ) (𝑎1 = 18, 𝑟 = = )
∵ 𝑆∞ = 18 3
1−𝑟 𝑎1
𝑥 𝑥 = 27 + 2 ( )
2 2 1−𝑟
⇒𝑦= 𝑥 = 2−𝑥
1−2 18
2 = 27 + 2 ( )
𝑥 2
⇒𝑦= 1−
2−𝑥 3
⇒ 𝑦(2 − 𝑥)𝑥 8
2𝑦 − 𝑥𝑦 = 𝑥 ⇒ 2𝑦 = 𝑥 + 𝑥𝑦 = 27 + 2 ( )
3−2
𝑜𝑟 2𝑦 = 𝑥(1 + 𝑦) 3
2𝑦
𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = +𝑦
1

29 | P a g e
Class 11 Chapter 6
𝟏
8 3 𝒐𝒓 |𝒙| <
= 27 + 2 ( ) = 27 + 2 × 18 × 𝟐
1 1 𝟏 𝟏
3  −𝟐 < 𝒙 < 𝟐
𝑆∞ = 27 + 108 = 135𝑚 Question No.13
Question No.11 𝒙 𝒙𝟐
What distance will a ball travel before 𝒊𝒇 𝒚 = 𝟏 + + +⋯
𝟐 𝟒
𝒚−𝟏
coming to rest if it is dropped from a height (𝒊) 𝒔𝒉𝒐𝒘 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒕 𝒙 =
𝟐𝒚
𝟐
of 75meters and after each fall it rebound 𝟓 (𝒊𝒊) find the interval in which the series is
of the distance it fell? convergent.
Solution: Solution:
According to the given condition 𝒙 𝒙𝟐
𝒚=𝟏+ + +⋯
2 2 2 𝟐 𝟒
75, 2(75) × , 2(75) × ( ) , … 𝒙
5 5 𝟐 𝒙
𝒂𝟏 = 𝟏 𝒓 = =
So 𝟏 𝟐
𝒂𝟏
2 2 2 ∵ 𝑺∞ =
𝑆∞ = 75 + 2 × 75 × + 2 × 75 ( ) + ⋯ 𝟏−𝒓
5 5 𝟏 𝟏
12 2 ⇒𝒚=
= 75 + 2(30 + 12 + ⋯ ) (𝑎1 = 30, 𝑟 = = ) 𝒙 = 𝟐−𝒙
30 5 𝟏−𝟐
𝑎1 𝟐

pk
= 75 + 2 ( ) 𝒐𝒓 𝟐𝒚 − 𝒙𝒚 = 𝟐
1−𝑟
⇒ 𝟐𝒚 − 𝟐 = 𝒙𝒚
30 𝟐(𝒚 − 𝟏) = 𝒙𝒚
= 75 + 2 ( )
2 s. 𝟐(𝒚 − 𝟏)
1− ⇒ =𝒙
5 𝒚
30 𝟐(𝒚 − 𝟏)
te
= 75 + 2 ( ) 𝒐𝒓 𝒙 =
5−2 𝒚
5 Hence proved.
no

30 5 For interval series will be convergent if

= 75 + 2 ( ) = 75 + 2 × 30 ×
3 3 |𝒓| < 𝟏 ⇒ 𝟐 ⇒ −𝟐 < 𝒙 < 𝟐
5
𝑆∞ = 75 + 100 = 175𝑚 Question No.14
sy

Question No.12 The sum of infinite geometric series is 9 and

𝟖𝟏
𝒊𝒇 𝟏 + 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟒𝒙𝟐 + 𝟖𝒙𝟑 + ⋯ the sum of the sequences of its terms is 𝟓
𝒚−𝟏 .find the series?
ea

(𝒊) 𝒔𝒉𝒐𝒘 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒕 𝒙 =

𝟐𝒚 Suppose infinite series
(𝒊𝒊) find the interval in which the series is 𝒂𝟏
𝑰 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 ⇒ 𝑺∞ = =𝟗
convergent 𝟏−𝒓
Solution: ⇒ 𝒂𝟏 = 𝟗(𝟏 − 𝒓) → (𝒊)
𝑰𝑰 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 ⇒
𝑦 = 1 + 2𝑥 + 4𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 3 + ⋯
2𝑥 𝟖𝟏
𝑎1 = 1, 𝑟 = = 2𝑥 𝒂𝟐𝟏 + 𝒂𝟐𝟏 𝒓𝟐 𝒂𝟐𝟏 𝒓𝟒 + ⋯ =
1 𝟓
𝑎1 𝒂𝟐𝟏 𝟖𝟏
∵ 𝑆∞ = ⇒ =
1−𝑟 𝟏 − 𝒓𝟐 𝟓
1 𝟐
⇒ 𝟓𝒂𝟏 = 𝟖𝟏(𝟏 − 𝒓𝟐 )
⇒𝑦=
1 − 2𝑥 𝟓[𝟗(𝟏 − 𝒓)]𝟐 = 𝟖𝟏(𝟏 − 𝒓)(𝟏 − 𝒓)𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒎 (𝒊)
𝑜𝑟 𝑦(1 − 2𝑥) ⇒ 𝟓(𝟖𝟏)(𝟏 − 𝒓)𝟐 = 𝟖𝟏(𝟏 − 𝒓)(𝟏 + 𝒓)
𝑦 − 2𝑥𝑦 = 1 𝒐𝒓 𝟓(𝟏 − 𝒓) = 𝟏 + 𝒓
⇒ 𝑦 − 1 = 2𝑥𝑦 𝟓 − 𝟓𝒓 = 𝟏 + 𝒓
𝑦−1
⇒ =𝑥 𝟓 − 𝟏 = 𝒓 + 𝟓𝒓
2𝑦 ⇒ 𝟒 = 𝟔𝒓
𝑦−1 𝟒 𝟐
𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = ℎ𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑 ⇒ 𝒓 = ⇒ 𝒓 = 𝒑𝒖𝒕 𝒊𝒏 (𝒊)
2𝑦 𝟔 𝟑
For interval series will be convergent if 𝟐 𝟑−𝟐
𝒂𝟏 = 𝟗 (𝟏 − ) = 𝟗 ( ) = 𝟑(𝟏) = 𝟑
|𝒓| < 𝟏 ⇒ |𝟐𝒙| < 𝟏 𝟑 𝟑

30 | P a g e
Class 11 Chapter 6
⇒ 𝒂𝟏 = 𝟑 𝒔𝒐 𝒊𝒏𝒇𝒊𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒆 𝒔𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒆𝒔 Now,
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝑎12 = 𝑎1 𝑟11 ⇒ (8)(2)11 = (8)(2048) = 16384
Is 𝟑 + 𝟑 (𝟑) + 𝟑 (𝟑) +⋯
𝟒 Hence the last instalment is Rs. 16384
𝒐𝒓 𝟑+𝟐+ +⋯ Question#3
𝟑
Word problems on G.P The population of a certain village is 62500.
What will be its population after 3 years if it
Exercise 6.9 increases geometrically at the rate of 4%
Question#1 annually?
A man deposit in a bank Rs. 8 in the first Solution:
year, Rs. 24 in the second year Rs.72 in the Here,
third year and so on. Find the amount he will 𝑎1 = 62500
4
have deposited in the bank by the fifth year. 𝑟 = 1 + 100 = 1 + 0.04 = 1.04 ,
Solution: 𝑛=4
The sequence of deposit is 𝟖, 𝟐𝟒, 𝟕𝟐, … …. Since,
Here, 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 𝑟 𝑛−1 ⇒ 𝑎4 = (62500)(1.04)4−1
𝑎1 = 8 = (62500)(1.04)3
24 72 = (62500)(1.1249)
𝑟= = 24 = 3 , 𝑛 = 5
8 = 70304
Since,

pk
Thus, the population after 3 years is 70304.
𝑎1 (𝑟 𝑛 −)
𝑆𝑛 = 𝑟−1 Question#4
⇒ 𝑆5 =
8(35 −1)
s. The enrolment of a famous school doubled
3−1
8(243−1) after every eight years from 1970 to 1994.
= 2 If the enrolment was 6000 in 1994, what was
= 4(242)
te
= 968 its enrolment in 1970?
Thus, he has to deposited Rs. 968 up to the Solution:
no

fifth year. Let the enrolment in 1970 is 𝑎1

Question#2 Also,
𝑎𝑛 = 6000
A man borrows Rs. 32760 without interest and
sy

𝑟=2
agrees to repay the loan in instalments, each 𝑛=4
instalment being twice the preceding one. Find Since,
ea

the amount of the last instalment, if the 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 𝑟 𝑛−1

amount of the first instalment is Rs.8. ⇒ 6000 = 𝑎1 (2)4−1
Solution: ⇒ 6000 = 𝑎1 (2)3
Here, ⇒ 6000 = 𝑎1 (8)
6000
𝑎1 = 8 ⇒ 8
= 𝑎1
𝑟=3 , ⇒ 𝑎1 = 750
𝑆𝑛 = 32760 Thus, the enrolment was 750.
𝑛 =? Question#5
𝑎𝑛 =?
A singular cholera bacterium produces two
Since, 𝟏
𝑎1 (𝑟 𝑛 −) complete bacteria in 𝟐hour. If we start with a
𝑆𝑛 =
𝑟−1
8(2𝑛 −1)
colony of a bacteria, how many bacteria will
⇒ 32760 = 2−1 we have in n hours?
8(2𝑛 −1)
⇒ 32760 =
1
Solution:
⇒ 4095 = (2𝑛
− 1) The colony of bacteria in the start = 𝑎1 = 𝐴
⇒ 4095 + 1 = 2𝑛 Then,
⇒ 4096 = 2𝑛 𝑟=2
⇒ 212 = 2𝑛 𝑛 = 2𝑛 + 1
⇒ 𝑛 = 12 Since,

31 | P a g e
Class 11 Chapter 6
𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 𝑟 𝑛−1 1 1 1 1
⇒ + = +
⇒ 𝑎2𝑛+1 = (𝐴)(2)2𝑛+1−1 𝐻 𝐻 𝑏 𝑎
= (𝐴)(2)2𝑛 1+1 𝑎+𝑏
⇒ =
Thus, bacteria after n hours will be (𝐴)(2)2𝑛 𝐻 𝑎𝑏
Question#6 2 𝑎+𝑏
⇒ =
Joining the mid points of the sides of an 𝐻 𝑎𝑏
equilateral triangle, an equilateral triangle 𝐻 𝑎𝑏
⇒ =
having half the perimeter of the original 2 𝑎+𝑏
triangle is obtained. We form a sequence of 𝑜𝑟 𝐻 =
2𝑎𝑏
𝟑 𝑎+𝑏
nested perimeter 𝟐
.What will be the total
perimeter of all the triangles formed in this N harmonic Means between two numbers:
way? 𝐻1 , 𝐻2 , 𝐻3 , … . , 𝐻𝑛 are n harmonic means between a and
Solution: b if 𝑎, 𝐻1 , 𝐻2 , 𝐻3 , … , 𝐻𝑛 , 𝑏 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝐻. 𝑃
Here,
3 If we want to find n H.M between a and b, we first
𝑎1 = 2 find n A.Ms 𝐴1 , 𝐴2 , 𝐴3 , … 𝐴𝑛 between
1 1 1
𝑟=2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑙 to get n 𝐻. 𝑀 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑎
𝑎 𝑏
3 3 3 1 1 1
So, the series is 2
+ 4
+ 8 +, … and b that is 𝐴 , 𝐴 , … , 𝐴 will be required n H.Ms
1 2 𝑛

pk
Which is infinite geometric series between a and b.
Now Relationship between A.M , G.M and H.M
1 𝑎
𝑆 = 1−𝑟 s.
3 Prove that 𝑨, 𝑮, 𝑯 𝒂𝒓𝒆 𝒊𝒏 𝑮. 𝑷
= 2
1
1− 𝒐𝒓 𝑮𝟐 = 𝑨 × 𝑯
te
2
3
= 2
1
𝑮 𝑯
𝒐𝒓 =
2 𝑨 𝑨
no

=3
Proof:
Harmonic progression (H.P)
We know that
A sequence of numbers is called a harmonic
sy

sequence or Harmonic progression if the reciprocals 𝑎+𝑏 2𝑎𝑏

𝐴= , 𝐺 = √𝑎𝑏, 𝐻=
of its terms are in arithmetic of its terms are in 2 𝑎+𝑏
arithmetic progression (A.P)
ea

Now
*the reciprocal of zero is not defined so zero cannot 2
𝐺 2 = (√𝑎𝑏) = 𝑎𝑏 → (𝑖)
be the term of a harmonic sequence.
𝑎+𝑏 2𝑎𝑏
*the general form of H.P is 𝑎 , 𝑎
1 1
,
1
, … 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝐴×𝐻 = ×
1 1 +𝑑 𝑎1 +3𝑑
2 𝑎+𝑏

𝑎1 , 𝑎1 + 𝑑, 𝑎1 + 2𝑑, … 𝑖𝑠 𝐴. 𝑃 𝐴 × 𝐻 = 𝑎𝑏 → (𝑖𝑖)

Harmonic Mean: By (i) and (ii)

𝐺 2 = 𝐴 × 𝐻 𝑜𝑟 𝐺 × 𝐺 = 𝐴 × 𝐻
A number H is said to be harmonic mean (H.M)
between two numbers a and b if 𝐺 𝐻
⇒ = 𝑖𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡
𝐴 𝐴
𝑎, 𝐻, 𝑏 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝐻. 𝑃
⇒ 𝐴, 𝐺, 𝐻 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝐺. 𝑃
1 1 1
⇒ , , 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝐴. 𝑃
𝑎 𝐻 𝑏 Prove that 𝑨 > 𝑮 > 𝑯

In this case If 𝒂, 𝒃 are numbers any two distinct +𝒗𝒆 numbers.

1 1 1 1 Proof:
𝑑= − 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑑 = −
𝐻 𝑎 𝑏 𝐻
1 1 1 1 We know that for two +ve distinct numbers a and b
⇒ − = −
𝐻 𝑎 𝑏 𝐻
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Class 11 Chapter 6
𝑎+𝑏 2𝑎𝑏 −𝑚 − 𝑛
𝐴= , 𝐺 = √𝑎𝑏 , 𝐻 = ⇒ < −√𝑚𝑛
2 𝑎+𝑏 2
𝑎+𝑏 𝑚+𝑛
Let 𝐴 > 𝐺 ⇒ > √𝑎𝑏 −( ) < −√𝑚𝑛 (∵ −2 < −1 ⇒ 2 > 1)
2 2
Squaring both sides 𝑚+𝑛
⇒ > √𝑚𝑛
2
𝑎+𝑏 2 2
( ) > (√𝑎𝑏) 𝑚+𝑛 2
4 ( ) > 𝑚𝑛 (𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔)
2
(𝑎 + 𝑏)2
> 𝑎𝑏 𝑚2 + 𝑛2 + 2𝑚𝑛 > 4𝑚𝑛
4
(𝑎 + 𝑏)2 > 4𝑎𝑏 𝑚2 + 𝑛2 + 2𝑚𝑛 − 4𝑚𝑛 > 0

𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 + 2𝑎𝑏 − 4𝑎𝑏 > 0 𝑚2 + 𝑛2 − 2𝑚𝑛 > 0

𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 − 2𝑎𝑏 > 0 ⇒ (𝑚 − 𝑛)2 > 0 𝑎𝑙𝑤𝑎𝑦𝑠 𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑒

⇒ (𝑎 − 𝑏)2 > 0 𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑐ℎ 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑙𝑤𝑎𝑦𝑠 𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑒. 𝑠𝑜 𝐴 < 𝐺 → (𝑖)

𝑠𝑜 𝐴 > 𝐺 → (𝑖) 𝑛𝑜𝑤 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝐺 < 𝐻

2𝑚𝑛
Now let 𝐺 > 𝐻 ⇒ −√𝑚𝑛 <
−𝑚 − 𝑛
𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 2𝑚𝑚𝑛

pk
⇒ −√𝑚𝑛 < − ( )
4𝑎 𝑏 2 2 𝑚+𝑛
⇒ 𝑎𝑏 > 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠
(𝑎 + 𝑏)2 2𝑚𝑛
⇒ √𝑚𝑛 > (∵ −2 < −1 , 2 > 1)
4𝑎2 𝑏 2
s. 𝑚+𝑛
 (𝑎 + 𝑏)2 >
𝑎𝑏
4𝑚2 𝑛2
2 2 𝑚𝑛 > (𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑠𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔)
⇒ 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 2𝑎𝑏 > 4𝑎𝑏 (𝑚 + 𝑛)2
te
𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 + 2𝑎𝑏 − 4𝑎𝑏 > 0 4𝑚2 𝑛2
(𝑚 + 𝑛)2 >
𝑚𝑛
no

𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 − 2𝑎𝑏 > 0
𝑚2 + 𝑛2 + 2𝑚𝑛 > 4𝑚𝑛
⇒ (𝑎 − 𝑏)2 > 0 𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑐ℎ 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑙𝑤𝑎𝑦𝑠 𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑒.
⇒ 𝑚2 + 𝑛2 + 2𝑚𝑛 − 4𝑚𝑛 > 0
So
sy

𝑚2 + 𝑛2 − 2𝑚𝑛 − 4𝑚𝑛 > 0

𝐺 > 𝐻 → (𝑖𝑖)
(𝑚 − 𝑛)2 > 0 (𝑎𝑙𝑤𝑎𝑦𝑠 𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑒)
From (𝑖) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (𝑖𝑖)
ea

So 𝐺 < 𝐻 → (𝑖𝑖)
𝐴 > 𝐺 > 𝐻 ℎ𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑
From (𝑖) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (𝑖𝑖)
Prove that
𝐴 < 𝐺 < 𝐻 ℎ𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑
𝑨 < 𝑮 < 𝑯 𝒊𝒇 𝒂, 𝒃 𝒂𝒓𝒆 𝒂𝒏𝒚 𝒕𝒘𝒐 𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒄𝒕
Prove that 𝑨 > 𝑯 (𝒑𝒂𝒈𝒆#𝟐𝟐𝟑)
– 𝒗𝒆 𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓𝒔.
For any two distinct a and b
𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒐𝒇:
Solution:
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑎 = −𝑚 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏 = −𝑛
𝐴 > 𝐻 𝑖𝑓
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑚, 𝑛 ∈ 𝑅 +
𝑎+𝑏 2𝑎𝑏
𝑎+𝑏 −𝑚 + (−𝑛) >
∵ 𝐴= ⇒𝐴= 2 𝑎+𝑏
2 2
⇒ (𝑎 + 𝑏)2 > 4𝑎𝑏
𝐺 = −√𝑎𝑏 ⇒ 𝐺 = −√(−𝑚)(−𝑛)
𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 + 2𝑎𝑏 − 4𝑎𝑏 > 0
𝐺 = −√𝑚𝑛
𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 − 2𝑎𝑏 > 0
2𝑎𝑏 2(−𝑚)(−𝑛) 2𝑚𝑛
𝐻= = = (𝑎 − 𝑏)2 > 0 𝑎𝑙𝑤𝑎𝑦𝑠 𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑒
𝑎 + 𝑏 −𝑚 ± (−𝑛) −𝑚 − 𝑛

Let 𝐴 < 𝐺 Hence 𝐴 > 𝐻

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Class 11 Chapter 6
𝟗 𝟗−𝟔 𝟑
Exercise 6.10 𝒂𝟏 = 𝟑, 𝒅 =
𝟐
−𝟑 =
𝟐
=
𝟐
Question#1 ∵ 𝒂𝟏𝟐 = 𝒂𝟏 + 𝟏𝟏𝒅 ∵ 𝒂𝒏 = 𝒂𝟏 + (𝒏 − 𝟏)𝒅
Find the 9th term of the harmonic sequence 𝟑 𝟑𝟑
= 𝟑 + 𝟏𝟏 ( ) = 𝟑 +
(𝒊).
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
, , , . . .. 𝟐 𝟐
𝟑 𝟓 𝟕 𝟔 + 𝟑𝟑 𝟑𝟗
Solution: 𝒂𝟏𝟐 = =
𝟐 𝟐
𝟑𝟗
3,5,7, … is in A.P. 𝒂𝟏𝟐 = 𝟐 𝒊𝒏 𝑨. 𝑷
𝑎1 = 3 𝟐
𝒔𝒐, 𝒂𝟏𝟐 = 𝟑𝟗 𝒊𝒏 𝑯. 𝑷
𝑑 =5−3 =2
𝑛=9 Question#3
Since, Insert five harmonic means between the
𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 following given numbers,
⇒ 𝑎9 = 3 + (9 − 1)(2) (𝒊).
−𝟐
and
𝟐
𝟓 𝟏𝟑
= 3 + (8)(2)
= 3 + 16 Solution:
= 19 Let 𝐻1 , 𝐻2 , 𝐻3 , 𝐻4 and 𝐻5 are the five H.Ms.
So, 9th term of A.P. is 19 between 2 and 5.
−2 2
Hence 9th term of H.P. is 19
1
Then 5
, 𝐻1 , 𝐻2 , 𝐻3 , 𝐻4 , 𝐻5 , 13 are in H.P.
−5 1 1 1 1 1 13
(𝒊𝒊).
–𝟏 −𝟏
, , −𝟏, … , 𝒂𝟗 =? Then ,𝐻 , 𝐻 ,𝐻 ,𝐻 ,𝐻 , are in A.P.

pk
𝟓 𝟑 2 1 2 3 4 5 2

Solution: Here
𝟏 𝟏 𝑎1 =
−5
∵ − , − , −𝟏, … 𝒊𝒏 𝑯. 𝑷 2
𝟓 𝟑 s. 13
⇒ −𝟓, −𝟑, −𝟏, … 𝒊𝒏 𝑨. 𝑷 𝑎7 = 2
𝒂𝟏 = −𝟓, 𝒅 = −𝟑 − (−𝟓) = −𝟑 + 𝟓 = 𝟐 13
⇒ 𝑎1 + 6𝑑 =
te
2
∵ 𝒂𝟗 = 𝒂𝟏 + 𝟖𝒅 −5 13
= −𝟓 + 𝟖(𝟐) = −𝟓 + 𝟏𝟔 ⇒ 2
+ 6𝑑 = 2
13 5
𝒂𝟗 = 𝟏𝟏 𝒊𝒏 𝑨. 𝑷 ⇒ 6𝑑 = 2 + 2 = 9
no

𝟏 9 3
𝒂𝟗 = 𝒊𝒏 𝑯. 𝑷 ⇒ 𝑑=6=2
𝟏𝟏
Question#2 So,
sy

1 −5 3
Find the 12th term of the following harmonic = 𝑎2 = 𝑎1 + 𝑑 = +2 = −1
𝐻1 2
sequences ⇒ 𝐻1 = −1
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 1 −5 3 −5 1
(𝒊). , , , . . .. = 𝑎3 = 𝑎1 + 2𝑑 = + 2 (2) = + 3=2
ea

𝟐 𝟓 𝟖 𝐻2 2 2
Solution: ⇒ 𝐻2 = 2
2,5,8, … is in A.P. 1
= 𝑎4 = 𝑎1 + 3𝑑 =
−5
+ 3 (2) =
3 −5 9
+2 =2
𝐻3 2 2
𝑎1 = 2 1
𝑑 =5−2 =3 ⇒ 𝐻3 = 2
1 −5 3 −5 7
𝑛 = 12 = 𝑎5 = 𝑎1 + 4𝑑 = + 4 (2) = + 6=2
𝐻4 2 2
Since, 7
⇒ 𝐻4 = 2
𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
1 −5 3 −5 15
⇒ 𝑎12 = 2 + (12 − 1)(3) 𝐻5
= 𝑎6 = 𝑎1 + 5𝑑 = 2
+ 5 (2) = 2
+ 2 =5
= 2 + (11)(3) 1
⇒ 𝐻5 = 5
= 2 + 33
1 2 1
= 35 Hence , −1 , 2 , 2 , 7 , 5 are the five H.Ms.
So, 12 term of A.P. is 35
th
between
−2
and 13.
2
1 5
Hence 12th term of H.P. is 35 (𝒊𝒊).
𝟏
and
𝟏
𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 𝟒 𝟐𝟒
(𝒊𝒊). , , , . . ..
𝟑 𝟗 𝟔
𝒂𝟏𝟐 =? Solution:
Solution: Let 𝐻1 , 𝐻2 , 𝐻3 , 𝐻4 and 𝐻5 are the five H.Ms.
𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 1 1
∵ , , , … 𝒊𝒏
𝟑 𝟗 𝟔
𝑨. 𝑷 between and 4 5
𝟗 1 1
⇒ 𝟑, , 𝟔, … 𝒊𝒏 𝑨. 𝑷 Then 4 , 𝐻1 , 𝐻2 , 𝐻3 , 𝐻4 , 𝐻5 , 24 are in H.P.
𝟐
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Class 11 Chapter 6
1 1 1 1 1 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
Then 4 , 𝐻 , 𝐻 , 𝐻 , 𝐻 , 𝐻 , 24 are in A.P. Thus 𝟕 , 𝟏𝟏 , 𝟏𝟓 , 𝟏𝟗 are required 4 H.Ms
1 2 3 4 5
𝟕 𝟕
Here (𝒊𝒊). 𝟑
and 𝟏𝟏
𝑎1 = 4 Solution:
𝑎7 = 24 7
Let 𝐻1 , 𝐻2 , 𝐻3 , 𝐻4 are the four H.Ms. between
⇒ 𝑎7 = 𝑎1 + 6𝑑 = 24 3
7
⇒ 4 + 6𝑑 = 24 and 11 then
⇒ 6𝑑 = 24 − 4 = 20 7
Then 3 , 𝐻1 , 𝐻2 , 𝐻3 , 𝐻4 , 11are in H.P.
7
20 10
⇒ 𝑑= = 1 1 1
Then 3 , 𝐻 , 𝐻 , 𝐻 , 𝐻 , 𝐻 , 23 are in A.P.
1 1
6 3 1 2 3 4 5
So, Here
1 10 12+10 22
𝐻1
= 𝑎2 = 𝑎1 + 𝑑 = 4 + 3
= 3
= 3
3
𝑎1 = 7 , 𝑛 = 6 , 𝑎6 =
11
7
3 11
⇒ 𝐻1 = 22 𝑎6 = 𝑎1 + 5𝑑 = 7
1 10 22+10 32 3 11
= 𝑎3 = 𝑎1 + 2𝑑 = 4 + 2 ( 3 ) = = ⇒ 7 + 5𝑑 =
𝐻2 3 3 7
3 11 3 8 8
⇒ 𝐻2 = 32 ⇒ 5𝑑 = 7 − 7 = 7 ⇒ 𝑑 = 35
1 10 32+10 42 8
𝐻3
= 𝑎4 = 𝑎1 + 3𝑑 = 4 + 3 ( 3 ) = 3
= 3
⇒ 𝑑 = 35
⇒ 𝐻3 = 42
3 So,
𝟏 𝟑
𝟑(𝟓)+𝟖 𝟖
𝟑(𝟓)+𝟖
1
= 𝑎5 = 𝑎1 + 4𝑑 = 4 + 4 ( 3 ) =
10 42+!0
=
52
= = 𝒂𝟏 + 𝒅 = 𝟕 + 𝟑𝟓 = ⇒ 𝑯𝟏 = 𝟑𝟓

pk
𝑯𝟏 𝟑𝟓
𝐻4 3 3
𝟏 𝟏𝟓+𝟖 𝟐𝟑 𝟑𝟓
⇒ 𝐻4 = 52
3
𝑯𝟏
= 𝟑𝟓 = 𝟑𝟓 ⇒ 𝑯𝟏 = 𝟐𝟑
1 10 52+10 62 𝟏 𝟏 𝟐𝟑 𝟖 𝟑𝟏 𝟑𝟓
= 𝑎6 = 𝑎1 + 5𝑑 = 4 + 5 ( 3 ) = = = 𝑯 + 𝒅 = 𝟑𝟓 + 𝟑𝟓 = 𝟑𝟓 ⇒ 𝑯𝟐 = 𝟑𝟏
𝐻5 3 3 𝑯𝟐
s. 𝟏
3 𝟏 𝟏 𝟑𝟏 𝟖 𝟑𝟗 𝟑𝟓
⇒ 𝐻5 = 62 = 𝑯 + 𝒅 = 𝟑𝟓 + 𝟑𝟓 = 𝟑𝟓 ⇒ 𝑯𝟑 = 𝟑𝟗
𝑯𝟑 𝟐
3 3 3 3 3 𝟏 𝟏 𝟑𝟗 𝟖 𝟒𝟕 𝟑𝟓
Hence , , , , , are the five H.Ms.
te
= 𝑯 + 𝒅 = 𝟑𝟓 + 𝟑𝟓 = 𝟑𝟓 ⇒ 𝑯𝟒 = 𝟒𝟕
22 32 42 52 62 𝑯𝟒 𝟑
1 1
between4 , 𝑎𝑛𝑑 24 𝟑𝟓 𝟑𝟓 𝟑𝟓 𝟑𝟓
Thus 𝟐𝟑 , 𝟑𝟏 , 𝟑𝟗 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝟒𝟕are required 4 H.Ms
no

Question#4 (iii) 4 and 20

Insert four harmonic means between the Solution:
following given numbers. Let 𝐻1 , 𝐻2 , 𝐻3 , 𝐻4 are the four H.Ms. between
sy

𝟏 𝟏
(𝒊).
𝟑
and 𝟐𝟑
4 𝑎𝑛𝑑 20
Solution: Then 4 , 𝐻1 , 𝐻2 , 𝐻3 , 𝐻4 , 𝐻5 , 20 are in H.P.
1 1 1 1 1 1
Let 𝐻1 , 𝐻2 , 𝐻3 , 𝐻4 are the four H.Ms. between
1 Then 4 , 𝐻 , 𝐻 , 𝐻 , 𝐻 , 20 are in A.P.
ea

3 1 2 3 4
1
and 23 Here
1 1
1 1 𝑎1 = 4 , 𝑛 = 6 , 𝑎6 = 20
Then 3 , 𝐻1 , 𝐻2 , 𝐻3 , 𝐻4 , 𝐻5 ,
23
are in H.P.
1
1 1 1 1 1 𝑎6 = 20
Then 3 , 𝐻 , 𝐻 , 𝐻 , 𝐻 , 𝐻 , 23 are in A.P.
1 2 3 4 5 1
⇒ 𝑎1 + 5𝑑 = 20
Here
1 1
𝑎1 = 3 , 𝑛 = 6 , 𝑎6 = 23 ⇒ 4 + 5𝑑 = 20
𝑎6 = 23 ⇒ 5𝑑 =
1 1
− =
1−5
= −
4
20 4 20 20
⇒ 𝑎1 + 5𝑑 = 23 1 1
⇒ 3 + 5𝑑 = 23 ⇒ 5𝑑 = − ⇒𝑑=−
5 25
⇒ 5𝑑 = 23 − 3 = 20 ⇒ 𝑑 = 4 Now
9 3 1 1 1 1 1
⇒ 𝑑= =
6 2 = 𝑎1 + 𝑑 = + (− ) = −
𝐻1 4 25 4 25
So,
𝟏 𝟏
1 25 − 4 21 100
= 𝒂𝟏 + 𝒅 = 𝟑 + 𝟒 = 𝟕 ⇒ 𝑯 𝟏 = 𝟕 = = ⇒ 𝐻1 =
𝑯𝟏 𝐻1 100 100 21
𝟏 𝟏
= 𝑯 + 𝒅 = 𝟕 + 𝟒 = 𝟏𝟏 ⇒ 𝑯𝟐 = 𝟏𝟏
𝟏 1 1 21 1
𝑯𝟐 = +𝑑 = + (− )
𝟏
𝟏
𝟏 𝟏
𝐻2 𝐻1 100 25
𝑯𝟑
= 𝑯 + 𝒅 = 𝟏𝟏 + 𝟒 = 𝟏𝟓 ⇒ 𝑯𝟑 = 𝟏𝟓 21 1 21 − 4
𝟐 = − =
𝟏 𝟏
= 𝑯 + 𝒅 = 𝟏𝟓 + 𝟒 = 𝟏𝟗 ⇒ 𝑯𝟒 = 𝟏𝟗
𝟏 100 25 100
𝑯𝟒 𝟑

35 | P a g e
Class 11 Chapter 6
1 17 100 The first term of an H.P. is −
𝟏
and the fifth
= ⇒ 𝐻2 = 𝟑
𝐻2 100 17 𝟏
1 1 17 1 term is 𝟓
. Find its 9th term.
= +𝑑 = + (− )
𝐻3 𝐻2 100 25 Solution:
1 17 1 17 − 4 𝑎1 = − 3
1
𝑖𝑛 𝐻. 𝑃.
= − =
𝐻3 100 25 100
𝑎1 = −3 𝑖𝑛 𝐴. 𝑃.
1 13 100 1
= ⇒ 𝐻3 = 𝑎5 = 𝑖𝑛 𝐻. 𝑃.
𝐻3 100 13 5
1 1 13 1 𝑎5 = 5 𝑖𝑛 𝐴. 𝑃.
= +𝑑 = + (− ) ⇒ 𝑎1 + 4𝑑 = 5
𝐻4 𝐻3 100 25
13 1 13 − 4 Putting values of 𝑎1 = −3 in above
− =
100 25 100 −3 + 4𝑑 = 5
1 9 100 ⇒ 4𝑑 = 5 + 3
= ⇒ 𝐻 ⇒4 =
𝐻4 100 9 ⇒ 4𝑑 = 8
Hence four H.Ms between 4 and 20 are ⇒𝑑=2
100 100 100 100 Now,
, , ,
21 17 13 9 𝑎9 = 𝑎1 + 8𝑑
Question#5 = −3 + 18(2)
𝟏
If the 7th and 10th terms of an H.P. are 𝟑
= −3 + 16 = 13
and
𝟓
respectively, find its 14th term. So,

pk
𝟐𝟏 1
⇒ 𝑎9 = 13
Solution:
1
𝑎7 = 3
1
𝑖𝑛 𝐻. 𝑃. Thus, 9th terms of an H.P. is 13
Question#7
𝑎7 = 3 𝑖𝑛 𝐴. 𝑃.
⇒ 𝑎1 + 6𝑑 = 3 . . . (𝑖)
s.If 5 is the harmonic mean between 2 and b,
Also, find b.
te
5
𝑎10 = 21 𝑖𝑛 𝐻. 𝑃. Solution:
21 H.M. = 5
no

𝑎10 = 5
𝑖𝑛 𝐴. 𝑃.
21 𝑎=2
⇒ 𝑎1 + 9𝑑 = 5
. . . (𝑖𝑖) 𝑏=𝑏
Subtracting (𝑖) from (𝑖𝑖) Since,
sy

𝑎1 + 6𝑑 = 3 H.M. = 𝑎+𝑏
2𝑎𝑏
21
𝑎1 + 9𝑑 = 2(2)(𝑏)
5
⇒5=
− − − 2+𝑏
ea

−3𝑑 = − 5
6 ⇒ 5(2 + 𝑏) = 2(2)(𝑏)
6 1 ⇒ 10 + 5𝑏 = 4𝑏
⇒ 𝑑 = (5) (3) ⇒ 5𝑏 − 4𝑏 = −10
2 ⇒ 𝑏 = −10
⇒𝑑=5
Putting values of d in (𝑖) Question#8
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
2 If the numbers are , 𝟐𝒌+𝟏 and in
𝑎1 + 6 (5) = 3 𝒌 𝟒𝒌−𝟏
12 harmonic sequence, find k.
⇒ 𝑎1 + =3
5
12 Solution:
⇒ 𝑎1 = 3 − 1 1 1
5 Since , 𝑘 , 2𝑘+1 and 4𝑘−1 are in H.P.
3
⇒ 𝑎1 = 5 So,
Now, 𝑘 ,2𝑘 + 1 ,4𝑘 − 1 are in A.P.
𝑎14 = 𝑎1 + 13𝑑
3 2
So,
= 5 + 13 (5) 𝑑 = 2𝑘 + 1 − 𝑘 = 4𝑘 − 1 − 2𝑘 − 1
3 26 29 ⇒ 𝑘 + 1 = 2𝑘 − 2
= + =
5 5 5
5 ⇒ 𝑘 − 2𝑘 = −2 − 1
⇒ 𝑎14 = 29 ⇒ −𝑘 = −3
𝟓
Thus, 14th terms of an H.P. is 𝟐𝟗
⇒𝑘=3
Question#6 Question#9

36 | P a g e
Class 11 Chapter 6
𝒂𝒏+𝟏 +𝒃𝒏+𝟏 𝑎−𝑏
Find n so that 𝒂𝒏 +𝒃𝒏
may be H.M. between 𝑑 = (𝑏−𝑎)(𝑏+𝑎)
.(𝑐+𝑎)
(𝑐−𝑏)
a and b. (𝑎−𝑏)(𝑐−𝑏)
= −(𝑎−𝑏)(𝑏+𝑎)(𝑐+𝑎)
Solution: −(𝑐−𝑏)
2𝑎𝑏 = … (𝑖𝑖𝑖)
Since H.M. between a and b. = 𝑎+𝑏 … . (𝑖) −(𝑐+𝑎)(𝑎+𝑏)
𝑎 𝑛+1 +𝑏𝑛+1 From (𝑖𝑖) and (𝑖𝑖𝑖)
But we have given 𝐻. 𝑀. = 𝑎 𝑛 +𝑏𝑛
… . (𝑖𝑖)
𝑑=𝑑
Comparing (𝑖) and (𝑖𝑖) i.e.
2𝑎𝑏 𝑎 𝑛+1 +𝑏𝑛+1 1 1 1
= 𝑎 𝑛 +𝑏𝑛 , , are in A.P.
𝑎+𝑏 𝑎+𝑏 𝑐+𝑎 𝑏+𝑐
By cross multiplying ⇒ 𝑎 + 𝑏, 𝑐 + 𝑎 and 𝑏 + 𝑐 are in H.P.
⇒ 2𝑎𝑏(𝑎𝑛 + 𝑏 𝑛 ) = (𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎𝑛+1 + 𝑏 𝑛+1 ) Question#11
⇒ 2𝑎𝑛+1 𝑏 + 2𝑎𝑏 𝑛+1 = 𝑎𝑛+2 + 𝑎𝑛+1 𝑏 + 𝑎𝑏 𝑛+1 +
The sum of the first and fifth term of the
𝑏 𝑛+2 𝟒 𝟏
⇒ 2𝑎𝑛+1 𝑏 + 2𝑏 𝑛+1 𝑏 − 𝑎𝑛+1 𝑏 − 𝑎𝑏 𝑛+1 = 𝑎𝑛+2 + harmonic sequence is 𝟕 , if the first term is 𝟐
𝑏 𝑛+2 . find the sequence
⇒ 𝑎𝑛+1 𝑏 + 𝑎𝑏 𝑛+1 = 𝑎𝑛+2 + 𝑏 𝑛+2 Solution:
⇒ 𝑎𝑛+1 𝑏 − 𝑎𝑛+2 = 𝑏 𝑛+2 − 𝑎𝑏 𝑛+1
Suppose the harmonic sequence
⇒ 𝑎𝑛+1 (𝑏 − 𝑎) = 𝑏 𝑛+1 (𝑏 − 𝑎) 1 1 1
⇒ 𝑎𝑛+1 = 𝑏 𝑛+1 , ,
𝑎1 𝑎1 +𝑑 𝑎1 +2𝑑
, … … ….
𝑎 𝑛+1 By the given condition

pk
⇒ 𝑏𝑛+1 = 1
1 1 4
𝑎 𝑛+1 𝑎 0 𝑎 0 𝑎1
+ 𝑎1 +4𝑑
= 7 … (𝑖)
⇒ (𝑏 ) = (𝑏 ) ∵ (𝑏 ) =1
⇒𝑛+1=0 s. Also, we have given
1 1
⇒ 𝑛 = −1 𝑎1
=2
Question#10 ⇒ 𝑎1 = 2
te
If 𝒂𝟐 , 𝒃𝟐 , 𝒄𝟐 are in A.P. show that 𝒂 + 𝒃, 𝒄 + 𝒂 Putting in (𝑖)
1 1 4
and 𝒃 + 𝒄 are in H.P. + =7
no

2 2+4𝑑
Solution: 1 4 1
⇒ 2+4𝑑 = 7 − 2
Since, 𝑎2 , 𝑏 2 , 𝑐 2 are in A.P. 1 1
⇒ =
Therefore, 2+4𝑑 14
sy

⇒ 2 + 4𝑑 = 14
𝑑 = 𝑏 2 − 𝑎2 = 𝑐 2 − 𝑏 2
⇒ 4𝑑 = 14 − 2
⇒ (𝑏 − 𝑎)(𝑏 + 𝑎) = (𝑐 − 𝑏)(𝑐 + 𝑏) … (𝑖)
⇒ 4𝑑 = 12
Now, to prove 12
ea

⇒𝑑= 4
𝑎 + 𝑏, 𝑐 + 𝑎 and 𝑏 + 𝑐 are in H.P.
⇒𝑑=3
We will prove
1 1 1 Now,
, , are in A.P. 1 1 1
𝑎+𝑏 𝑐+𝑎 𝑏+𝑐
𝑎1 +𝑑
= 2+3 = 5
Now, 1 1 1 1
1 1 = 2+2(3) = 2+6 =
𝑑 = 𝑐+𝑎 − 𝑎+𝑏 𝑎1 +2𝑑 8
1 1 1 1
𝑎+𝑏−𝑐−𝑎 = 2+3(3) = 2+9 =
= (𝑐+𝑎)(𝑎+𝑏) 𝑎1 +3𝑑 11
1 1 1 1
𝑏−𝑐 Thus, the required sequence is , 5, 8, , … ….
= (𝑐+𝑎)(𝑎+𝑏)
… (𝑖) 2 11
Question#12
Also,
1 1 If A, G and H are the arithmetic, geometric
𝑑 = 𝑏+𝑐 − 𝑐+𝑎
and harmonic means between a and b
𝑐+𝑎−𝑏−𝑐
= (𝑏+𝑐)(𝑐+𝑎) respectively, show that 𝑮𝟐 = 𝑨𝑯.
𝑎−𝑏
= (𝑏+𝑐)(𝑐+𝑎) … (𝑖𝑖) Solution:
From eq. (𝑖) Since,
𝑎+𝑏
𝑐+𝑏 =
(𝑏−𝑎)(𝑏+𝑎) 𝐴= 2
(𝑐−𝑏)
𝐺 = ±√𝑎𝑏
Putting in above 2𝑎𝑏
H = 𝑎+𝑏

37 | P a g e
Class 11 Chapter 6
Now, Question#14
2
𝐺 2
= (±√𝑎𝑏) = 𝑎𝑏 … . (𝑖) Find 𝑨, 𝑮, 𝑯 and verify that 𝑨 > 𝑮 > 𝑯 (𝑮 > 𝟎),
𝐴𝐻 = (
𝑎+𝑏 2𝑎𝑏
) (𝑎+𝑏) = 𝑎𝑏 … (𝑖𝑖) if
2
(𝒊). 𝒂 = 𝟐, 𝒃 = 𝟖
From (𝑖) and (𝑖𝑖)
Solution:
𝐺 2 = 𝐴𝐻 proved. 𝑎+𝑏
𝐴=
Question#13 2+8
2

Find A, G, H and show that 𝑮𝟐 = 𝑨𝑯. if = 2

10
(𝒊). 𝒂 = −𝟐, 𝒃 = 𝟔 = 2
Solution: =5
𝑎+𝑏 −2−8 8
∵ 𝐴= = = −2 = −4 𝐺 = ±√𝑎𝑏
2 2
𝐺 = ±√𝑎𝑏 = ±√(−2)(−6) = ±√12 𝐺 = √(2)(8)
2𝑎𝑏 = √16
𝐻= =4
𝑎+𝑏
2(−2)(−6) 24 2𝑎𝑏
= = = −3 H = 𝑎+𝑏
−2 − 6 −8 2(2)(8)
𝑁𝑜𝑤 =
2+8
2 32
𝐺 2 = (±√12) = 12 → (𝑖) = 10
𝐴𝐻 = (−4)(−3) = 12 → (𝑖𝑖) 16
=

pk
5
By (i) and (ii) Hence 1
= 35
𝐺 2 = 𝐴𝐻
(𝒊𝒊). 𝒂 = 𝟐𝒊, 𝒃 = 𝟒𝒊 s. Since,
1
Solution: 5 > 4 > 35
𝑎+𝑏
𝐴= ⇒ 𝐴 > 𝐺 > 𝐻 proved.
te
2
2ⅈ+4ⅈ 𝟐 𝟖
= (𝒊𝒊). 𝒂 = 𝟓 , 𝒃 = 𝟓
2
=
6ⅈ Solution:
no

2 2 8
= 3𝑖 𝑎+𝑏 5+5 1 2+8
∵ 𝐴= = = ( )
𝐺 = ±√𝑎𝑏 𝟐 𝟐 2 5
1 10 10
sy

𝐺 = ±√(2𝑖)(4𝑖) 𝐴= ( )= =1
2 5 10
= ±√8𝑖 2
= ±2√2𝑖 𝟐 𝟖 𝟏𝟔
𝐺 = √𝒂𝒃 = √( ) ( ) = √
ea

2𝑎𝑏
H = 𝑎+𝑏 =
2(2ⅈ)(4ⅈ)
=
16ⅈ 2
=
8ⅈ 𝟓 𝟓 𝟐𝟓
2ⅈ+4ⅈ 6ⅈ 3
𝟒
Now, 𝑮 = (𝑮 > 𝟎)
2 𝟓
𝐺 2 = (±2√2𝑖) = 4(2)(−1) = −8 𝟐 𝟖
𝟐𝒂𝒃 𝟐( )( )
8ⅈ 𝑯= = 𝟓 𝟓
𝐴𝐻 = (3𝑖) ( 3 ) = 8𝑖 2 = −8 𝒂+𝒃 𝟐 𝟖
+
From (𝑖) and (𝑖𝑖) 𝟓 𝟓
𝟑𝟐
𝐺 2 = 𝐴𝐻 𝟑𝟐 𝟓
(𝒊𝒊𝒊). 𝒂 = 𝟗, 𝒃 = 𝟒 = 𝟐𝟓 = ×
𝟏𝟎 𝟐𝟓 𝟏𝟎
Solution: 𝟓
𝒂+𝒃 𝟗+𝟒 𝟏𝟑
𝟏𝟔
𝑨= = = 𝑯=
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐𝟓
𝟒 𝟏𝟔
𝑮 = ±√𝒂𝒃 = ±√(𝟗)(𝟒) = ±√𝟑𝟔 = ±𝟔 Clearly 𝟏 > > 𝟓 𝟐𝟓
𝟐𝒂𝒃 𝟐(𝟗)(𝟒) 𝟕𝟐 𝑨>𝑮>𝑯
𝑯= = =
𝒂+𝒃 𝟗+𝟒 𝟏𝟑 Question#15
Now
Find 𝑨, 𝑮, 𝑯 and verify that 𝑨 < 𝑮 < 𝑯 (𝑮 <
𝑮𝟐 = (±𝟔)𝟐 = 𝟑𝟔 → (𝒊)
𝟏𝟑 𝟕𝟐 𝟕𝟐 𝟎), if
𝑨. 𝑯 = ( 𝟐 ) (𝟏𝟑) = = 𝟑𝟔 → (𝒊𝒊)
𝟐 (𝒊). 𝒂 = 𝟐, 𝒃 = 𝟖
From (i) and (ii) Solution:
𝑮𝟐 = 𝑨𝑯 𝒂+𝒃 −𝟐−𝟖 𝟏𝟎
∵ 𝑨= = =− = −𝟓
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
38 | P a g e
Class 11 Chapter 6
18
𝑮 = −√𝒂𝒃 = −√(−𝟐)(−𝟖) = −√𝟏𝟔 = −𝟒(𝑮 < 𝟎) +𝑏 = 9
𝑏
𝟐𝒂𝒃 𝟐(−𝟐)(−𝟖) −𝟑𝟐 𝟑𝟐 18+𝑏2
𝑯= 𝒂+𝒃
= −𝟐−𝟖
= −𝟏𝟎 = 𝟏𝟎 ⇒ =9
𝑏
𝟑𝟐
Clearly −𝟓 < −𝟒 < 𝟏𝟎 ⇒ 18 + 𝑏 2 = 9𝑏
⇒𝑨<𝑮<𝑯 ⇒ 𝑏 2 − 9𝑏 + 18 = 0
(𝒊𝒊). 𝒂 =
−𝟐
,𝒃 =
−𝟖 ⇒ 𝑏 2 − 6𝑏 − 3𝑏 + 18 = 0
𝟓 𝟓 ⇒ 𝑏(𝑏 − 6) − 3(𝑏 − 6) = 0
Solution: ⇒ (𝑏 − 6)(𝑏 − 3) = 0
𝑎+𝑏
𝐴= 2 ⇒ 𝑏 − 6 = 0 or 𝑏 − 3 = 0
⇒ 𝑏 = 6 or 𝑏 = 3
−2 8
−
= 5 5

−10
2
Putting in (𝑖𝑖𝑖)
= 5 18 18
2 ⇒𝑎= 6
=3 or 𝑎 = 3
=6
−10
= 10 Thus, 𝟑, 𝟔 or 𝟔, 𝟑 are the required numbers.
= −1 Question#17
𝐺 = −√𝑎𝑏 ∴ 𝐺 > 0 If the (positive) G.M. and H.M. between two
𝟏𝟔
𝐺 = −√( 5 ) ( 5 )
−2 −8
numbers are 𝟒 and 𝟓
find the numbers.

16
Solution:
= −√25
Let a & b be two numbers

pk
4
= −5 Since,
H = 𝑎+𝑏
2𝑎𝑏 G.M. = 4
2(
−2 −8
)( ) s. ⇒ √𝑎𝑏 = 4
5 5
= −2 −8 On squaring,
−
5 5
32 32 ⇒ 𝑎𝑏 = 16 … (𝑖)
te
= 25
−10 =25
2 Also,
5 16
=
−32
=
−16 H.M. = 5
no

50 25 2𝑎𝑏 16
Since, ⇒ 𝑎+𝑏 = 5 → (𝑖𝑖)
−4 −16 2(16) 16
−1 < < (𝑖𝑖) ⇒ = (∵ 𝑎𝑏 = 16 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 (𝑖𝑖)
5 25 𝑎+𝑏 5
2 1
⇒ 𝐴 < 𝐺 < 𝐻 proved.
sy

⇒ 𝑎+𝑏 = 5
Question#16 𝑜𝑟 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 10
If the H.M and A.M. between two numbers ⇒ 𝑎 = 10 − 𝑏 𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑖𝑛 (𝑖𝑖)
ea

are 𝟒 and
𝟗
respectively, find the numbers (10 − 𝑏)𝑏 = 16
𝟐 10𝑏 − 𝑏 2 = 16
Solution: ⇒ 𝑏 2 = 10𝑏 + 16 = 0
Let a & b be two numbers 𝑏 2 − 8𝑏 − 2𝑏 + 16 = 0
Since, 𝑏(𝑏 − 8) − 2(𝑏 − 8) = 0
H.M. = 4 ⇒ (𝑏 − 8)(𝑏 − 2) = 0
2𝑎𝑏 𝑏−8=0, 𝑏−2=0
⇒ 𝑎+𝑏 = 4
𝑏=8 , 𝑏=2
⇒ 2𝑎𝑏 = 4(𝑎 + 𝑏) When 𝑏 = 8 , 𝑠𝑜 (𝑖𝑖) ⇒ 𝑎(8) = 16 ⇒ 𝑎 = 2
⇒ 𝑎𝑏 = 2(𝑎 + 𝑏) … . (𝑖)
When 𝑏 = 2, 𝑠𝑜 (𝑖𝑖) ⇒ 𝑎(2) = 16
Also,
𝑎=8
A.M. = 4
𝑎+𝑏 9
Hence numbers are 2,8 𝑜𝑟 8,2
⇒ = Question#18
2 2
⇒ 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 9 … . (𝑖𝑖) 𝟏 𝟒 𝟏
If the numbers , And are subtracted
Putting the value of 𝑎 + 𝑏 in (𝑖) 𝟒 𝟐𝟏 𝟑𝟔

⇒ 𝑎𝑏 = 2(9)
from the three consecutive terms of a G.P.,
⇒ 𝑎𝑏 = 18 the resulting numbers are in H.P. Find the
𝟏
⇒𝑎=
18
… (𝑖𝑖𝑖) numbers if their product is 𝟐𝟕
.
𝑏
Putting in (𝑖𝑖) Solution:

39 | P a g e
Class 11 Chapter 6
Let three consecutive terms of 𝐺. 𝑃 are
𝑎1 , 𝑎1 𝑟, 𝑎1 𝑟 2
𝐼 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 ⇒
1 1
(𝑎1 )(𝑎1 𝑟)(𝑎1 𝑟 2 ) = → 𝑎13 𝑟 3 =
27 27
1
⇒ (𝑎1 𝑟)3 = 3
3
1 1
So 𝑎1 𝑟 = 3 ⇒ 𝑟 = 3𝑎
1 Sigma Notation(or Summation Notation)
Now we have H.P is
1 1 4 1 2 1 The Greek letter ∑(𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑚𝑎) 𝑖𝑠 used to sum a
𝑎1 − , 𝑎1 ( ) − , 𝑎1 ( ) − 𝑖𝑛 𝐻. 𝑃 sequence of numbers. We write the sum in sigma
2 3𝑎1 21 3𝑎1 36
1 1 4 1 1 notation as,
𝑎1 − , − , − 𝑖𝑛 𝐻. 𝑃
2 3 21 9𝑎1 36 𝑛
2𝑎1 − 1 7 − 4 4 − 𝑎1
, , 𝑖𝑛 𝐻. 𝑃 𝑎1 , 𝑎2 , 𝑎3 , + ⋯ + 𝑎𝑛 = ∑ 𝑎𝑘
2 21 36𝑎1 𝑘=1
2𝑎1 − 1 7 4 − 𝑎1
, , 𝑖𝑛 𝐴. 𝑃
2 1 36𝑎1 Here ∑ 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑘 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 index of
2 7 36𝑎1 summation. The summation begins from 𝑘 = 1 and
⇒ , , 𝑖𝑛 𝐴. 𝑃
2𝑎1 − 1 1 4 − 𝑎1 ends with k=n
2 36𝑎
So 7 − 2𝑎 −1 = 4−𝑎1 − 7

pk
1
36𝑎1 2
1
𝑘 = 1 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡 𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑙𝑒 𝑘 = 𝑛 𝑖𝑠 called
⇒7+7= + upper limit.
4 − 𝑎1 2𝑎1 − 1
36𝑎1 (2𝑎1 − 1) + 2(4 − 𝑎1 )
⇒ 14 =
s. Remember that
(4 − 𝑎1 )(2𝑎1 − 1)
2 𝑛
72𝑎1 − 36𝑎1 + 8 − 2𝑎1
⇒ 14 =
te
8𝑎1 − 4 − 2𝑎12 + 𝑎1 (𝑖) ∑ 1 = 𝑛(1) = 𝑛
2 𝑘=1
71𝑎1 − 38𝑎1 + 8
14 = 𝑛
−2𝑎12 + 9𝑎1 − 4
no

(𝒊𝒊) ∑ 𝐶 = 𝑛𝐶 (𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑐 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡)

⇒ 14(−2𝑎12 + 9𝑎1 − 4) = 72𝑎12 − 38𝑎1 + 8
𝑘=1
−28𝑎12 + 126𝑎1 − 56 = 72𝑎12 − 38𝑎1 + 8
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
⇒ 72𝑎12 − 38𝑎1 + 8 + 28𝑎12 − 126𝑎1 + 56 = 0
sy

100𝑎12 − 164𝑎1 + 64 = 0 (𝒊𝒊𝒊) ∑(𝑎𝑘+𝑏𝑘 ) = ∑ 𝑎𝑘 + ∑ 𝑏𝑘

25𝑎12 − 41𝑎1 + 16 = 0 (÷ 𝑏𝑦 4) 𝑘=1 𝑘=1 𝑘=1

⇒ 25𝑎12 − 25𝑎1 − 16𝑎1 + 16 = 0 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛

ea

25𝑎1 (𝑎1 − 𝑎) − 16(𝑎1 − 1) = 0 (𝒊𝒗) ∑(𝑎𝑘−𝑏𝑘 ) = ∑ 𝑎𝑘 − ∑ 𝑏𝑘

(𝑎1 − 𝑎)(25𝑎1 − 16) = 0 𝑘=1 𝑘=1 𝑘=1
(𝑎1 − 1)(25𝑎1 − 16) = 0 𝑛 𝑛
𝑎1 − 1 = 0, 25𝑎1 − 16 = 0 (𝒗) ∑ 𝑐𝑎𝑘 = 𝑐 ∑ 𝑎𝑘
16 𝑘=1 𝑘=1
⇒ 𝑎1 = 1, 𝑎1 =
25
1 1 𝒘𝒆 𝒎𝒂𝒚 𝒘𝒓𝒊𝒕𝒆
If 𝑎1 = 1 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑟 = 3(1) = 3
16 1 25 𝑛 𝑘
If 𝑎1 = 25 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑟 = 16 =
3( )
25
48 ∑ 𝑎𝑘 = 𝑐 ∑ 𝑎𝑘
1
If 𝑎1 = 1, 𝑟 = 3
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑘=1 1

𝑎1 , 𝑎1 𝑟, 𝑎1 𝑟 2 And
1 1
1, 3 , 9 𝑛

If ∑[𝑘 𝑚 − (𝑘 − 1)𝑚 ] = 𝑛𝑚
16 25 𝑘=1
𝑎1 = 25 , 𝑟 = 48 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑎1 , 𝑎1 𝑟, 𝑎1 𝑟 2
16 16 25 16 25 2 To find the formulae for the sums
, ( ),( )( )
25 25 48 25 48 𝒏
16 1 25 (𝒊) ∑ 𝒌
𝑜𝑟 , ,
25 3 144 𝒌=𝟏

40 | P a g e
Class 11 Chapter 6
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
We know that 2 3 3]
3 ∑ 𝑘 = ∑[𝑘 − (𝑘 − 1) +3∑𝑘−∑1
(𝑘 − 1)2 = 𝑘 2 − 2𝑘 + 1 𝑘=1 𝑘=1 𝑘=1 𝑘=1
𝑛
⇒ 2𝑘 − 1 = 𝑘 2 − (𝑘 − 1)2
∑[𝑘 𝑚 − (𝑘 − 1)𝑚 ] = 𝑛𝑚
𝑜𝑟 𝑘 2 = (𝑘 − 1)2 = 2𝑘 − 1 𝑘=1
𝑛
Taking summation on the both sides 3𝑛(𝑛 + 10
⇒ 3 ∑ 𝑘 2 = 𝑛3 + −𝑛
𝑛 𝑛 𝟐
𝑘=1
2 2]
∑[𝑘 − (𝑘 − 1) = ∑(2𝑘 − 1)
𝑘=1 𝑘=1
𝟐𝒏𝟑 + 𝟑𝒏(𝒏 + 𝟏) − 𝟐𝒏
=
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
𝟐
2
∑[𝑘 − (𝑘 − 1) 2]
= ∑ 2𝑘 − ∑ 1 𝒏[𝟐𝒏𝟐 + 𝟐𝒏 + 𝟑 − 𝟐𝒏]
=
𝑘=1 𝑘=1 𝑘=1 𝟐
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
𝑛[2𝑛2 + 3𝑛 + 1]
∑[𝑘 − (𝑘 − 1)2 ] = 2 ∑ 𝑘 − ∑ 1
2
3 ∑ 𝑘2 =
𝑘=1 𝑘=1 𝑘=1
𝟐
𝑘=1
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
2 2] 𝑛[2𝑛2 + 3𝑛 + 1]
∑[𝑘 − (𝑘 − 1) +∑1 = 2∑𝑘 ⇒ ∑ 𝑘2 =
𝑘=1 𝑘=1 𝑘=1
𝟐
𝑘=1

pk
𝑛
𝑛(2𝑛(𝑛 + 1) + 1(𝑛 + 1)
∵ ∑[𝑘 𝑚 − (𝑘 − 1)𝑚 ] = 𝑛𝑚 6
𝑘=1 s.
𝑛
𝑛(2𝑛 + 1)(𝑛 + 1)
=
6
∑1 = 𝑛
te
𝑛
𝑘=1 𝑛(𝑛 + 1)(2𝑛 + 1)
𝑛 ⇒ ∑ 𝑘2 =
6
𝑘=1
no

⇒ 2 ∑ 𝑘 = 𝑛2 + 𝑛
𝑘=1 (𝑖𝑖𝑖) ∑𝑛𝑘=1 𝑘 3
𝑛
𝑛(𝑛 − 1) (𝑘 − 1)4 = 𝑘 4 − 4𝑘 3 + 6𝑘 2 − 4𝑘 + 1
sy

⇒ ∑𝑘 =
𝟐
𝑘=1 ∵ (𝑎 − 𝑏)4 = 𝑎4 − 4𝑎3 𝑏 + 6𝑎2 𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑏 2 + 𝑏 4
𝒏
⇒ 4𝑘 3 − 6𝑘 + 4𝑘 − 1 = 𝑘 4 − (𝑘 − 1)4
ea

(𝒊𝒊) ∑ 𝒌𝟐
𝒌=𝟏 Taking summation on both sides
We know that 𝑛 𝑛

∑ 𝑘 − (𝑘 − 1) = ∑(4𝑘 3 − 6𝑘 2 + 4𝑘 − 1)
4 4
3
(𝑘 − 1) = 𝑘 − 3𝑘 + 3𝑘 − 13 2
𝑘=1 𝑘=1
2 3 3 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
⇒ 3𝑘 − 3𝑘 + ! = 𝑘 − (𝑘 − 1)
3 2
= 4∑𝑘 −6∑𝑘 +4∑𝑘−∑1
𝑜𝑟 𝑘 3 (𝑘 − 1)3 = 3𝑘 2 − 3𝑘 + 1 𝑘=1 𝑘=1 𝑘=1 𝑘=1

Taking summation on both sides 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛

𝑛 𝑛
⇒ 4 ∑ 𝑘 = ∑[𝑘 − (𝑘 − 1) ] + 6 ∑ 𝑘 2
3 4 4

𝑘=1 𝑘=1 𝑘=1

∑[𝑘 3 − (𝑘 − 1)3 ] = ∑(3𝑘 2 − 3𝑘 + 1) 𝑛 𝑛
𝑘=1 𝑘=1 + 4 ∑ 𝑘2 − ∑ 1
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛 𝑘=1 𝑘=1
3 3] 2
∑[𝑘 − (𝑘 − 1) = 3∑𝑘 −3∑𝑘+∑1 6𝑛(𝑛 + 1)(2𝑛 + 1) 4𝑛(𝑛 + 1)
𝑘=1 𝑘=1 𝑘=1 𝑘=1 = 𝑛4 + − +𝑛
6 2
𝑛
6𝑛(𝑛 + 1)(2𝑛 + 1) 4𝑛(𝑛 + 1)
4 ∑ 𝑘 3 = 𝑛4 + − +𝑛
6 2
𝑘=1

41 | P a g e
Class 11 Chapter 6
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
𝑛4 + 𝑛(𝑛 + 1)(2𝑛 + 1) − 2𝑛(𝑛 + 1) + 𝑛
3 2
∑𝑘 = = 6∑𝑘 −3∑𝑘
4
𝑘=1 𝑘=1 𝑘=1
𝑛 3 𝑛(𝑛 + 1)(2𝑛 + 1) 3𝑛(𝑛 + 1)
[𝑛 + 2𝑛2 + 𝑛 + 2𝑛 + 1 − 2𝑛 − 2 + 1] =6 −
4 6 2
3
𝑛 = 𝑛(𝑛 + 1)(2𝑛 + 1) − 𝑛(𝑛 + 1)
= [𝑛3 + 2𝑛2 + 𝑛] 2
4 3
= 𝑛(𝑛 + 1) [2𝑛 + 1 − ]
𝑛 2 2
𝑛(𝑛 + 1) 4𝑛 + 2 − 3
∑ 𝑘3 = [ ] = 𝑛(𝑛 + 1) [ ]
2 2
𝑘=1
4𝑛 + 2 − 3
= 𝑛(𝑛 + 1) [ ]
2
Exercise 6.11 𝑛(𝑛 + 1)(4𝑛 − 1)
𝑆𝑛 =
Sum the following series up to n terms. 2
Question#1 Question#3
𝟏 × 𝟏 + 𝟐 × 𝟒 + 𝟑 × 𝟕+. .. 𝟏 × 𝟒 + 𝟐 × 𝟕 + 𝟑 × 𝟏𝟎 + . ..
Solution: Solution:
1 × 1 + 2 × 4 + 3 × 7+. .. 𝑻𝒌
1 + (𝑘 − 1)3 = (𝒌𝒕𝒉 𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎 𝒐𝒇 𝟏, 𝟐, 𝟑, … )(𝒌𝒕𝒉 𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎 𝒐𝒇 𝟒, 𝟕, 𝟏𝟎)
= 1 + 3𝑘 − 3 = (𝟏 + (𝒌 − 𝟏)(𝟏)(𝟒 + (𝒌 − 𝟏)𝟑)

pk
= 3𝑘 − 2 = (𝟏 + 𝒌 − 𝟏)(𝟒 + 𝟑𝒌 − 𝟑)
If 𝑇𝑘 denotes the kth term of the series, then = 𝒌(𝟑𝒌 + 𝟏)
𝑇𝑘 = 𝑘(3𝑘 − 2) = 3𝑘 2 − 2𝑘 𝑻𝒌 = 𝟑𝒌𝟐 + 𝑲
s. 𝑛 𝑛
Let 𝑆𝑛 denotes the sum of first n terms of the
⇒ 𝑺𝒏 = ∑ 𝑇𝑘 = ∑(3𝑘 2 + 𝑘)
series then 𝑘=1 𝑘=1
te
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛

𝑆𝑛 = ∑(3𝑘 2 − 2𝑘) = 𝟑 ∑ 𝑘2 + ∑ 𝑘
𝑘=1 𝑘=1 𝑘=1
no

𝑛 𝑛
𝟑𝒏(𝒏 + 𝟏)(𝟐𝒏 + 𝟏) 𝒏(𝒏 + 𝟏)
= ∑ 3𝑘 2 − ∑ 2𝑘 = +
𝟔 𝟐
𝑘=1 𝑘=1 𝒏(𝒏 + 𝟏)(𝟐𝒏 + 𝟏) 𝒏(𝒏 + 𝟏)
𝑛(𝑛 + 1)(2𝑛 + 1) 𝑛(𝑛 + 1) = +
𝟔 𝟐
sy

= 3( ) − 2( )
6 2 𝒏(𝒏 + 𝟏)(𝟐𝒏 + 𝟏) 𝒏(𝒏 + 𝟏)
= +
𝑛(𝑛 + 1)(2𝑛 + 1) 𝟐 𝟐
= − 𝑛(𝑛 + 1) 𝒏(𝒏 + 𝟏)
2
ea

= [𝟐𝒏 + 𝟏 + 𝟏]
𝑛(𝑛 + 1) 𝟐
= (2𝑛 + 1 − 2) 𝒏(𝒏 + 𝟏)
2 = (𝟐𝒏 + 𝟐)
𝑛(𝑛+1)(2𝑛−1) 𝟐
= 2 𝟐𝒏(𝒏 + 𝟏)(𝒏 + 𝟏)
Question#2 =
𝟐
𝟏 × 𝟑 + 𝟑 × 𝟔 + 𝟓 × 𝟗+ . .. 𝑺𝒏 = 𝒏(𝒏 + 𝟏)𝟐
Solution: Question#4
1 × 3 + 3 × 6 + 5 × 9+ . .. 𝟑 × 𝟓 + 𝟓 × 𝟗 + 𝟕 × 𝟏𝟑 + . ..
1 + (𝑘 − 1)2 Solution:
= 1 + 2𝑘 − 2 𝑻𝒌 =
= 2𝑘 − 1 (𝒌𝒕𝒉 𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎 𝒐𝒇 𝟑, 𝟓, 𝟕, … )(𝒌𝒕𝒉 𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎 𝒐𝒇 𝟓, 𝟗, 𝟏𝟑 … )
3 + (𝑘 − 1)3
= (𝟑 + (𝒌 − 𝟏)(𝟐))(𝟓 + (𝒌 − 𝟏)𝟒)
= 3 + 3𝑘 − 3
= (𝟑 + 𝟐𝒌 − 𝟏)(𝟓 + 𝟒𝒌 − 𝟒)
= 3𝑘
= (𝟐𝒌 + 𝟏)(𝟒𝒌 + 𝟏)
If 𝑇𝑘 denotes the kth term of the series, then
= (𝟖𝒌𝟐 + 𝟐𝒌 + 𝟒𝒌 + 𝟏)
𝑇𝑘 = (2𝑘 − 1)(3𝑘) = 6𝑘 2 − 3𝑘
𝑻𝒌 = 𝟖𝒌𝟐 + 𝟔𝒌 + 𝟏
Now 𝑛 𝑛
𝑛 𝑛
⇒ 𝑺𝒏 = ∑ 𝑇𝑘 = ∑(8𝑘 2 + 6𝑘 + 1)
𝑆𝑛 = ∑ 𝑇𝑘 = ∑(6𝐾2 − 3𝑘) 𝑘=1 𝑘=1
𝑘=1 𝑘=1

42 | P a g e
Class 11 Chapter 6
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
If 𝑻𝒌 denotes the kth term of the series,
= 𝟖 ∑ 𝑘2 + 6 ∑ 𝑘 + ∑ 1
then
𝑘=1 𝑘=1 𝑘=1
𝒏(𝒏 + 𝟏)(𝟐𝒏 + 𝟏) 𝟔𝒏(𝒏 + 𝟏) 𝑻𝒌 = (𝟑𝒌 − 𝟏)𝟐 = 𝟗𝒌𝟐 − 𝟔𝒌 + 𝟏
=𝟖 + +𝒏 Let 𝑺𝒏 denotes the sum of first n terms of
𝟔 𝟐
𝟒𝒏(𝒏 − 𝟏)(𝟐𝒏 + 𝟏) the series then
= + 𝟑𝒏(𝒏 + 𝟏) + 𝒏 𝑛
𝟑
𝒏 𝑺𝒏 = ∑(9𝑘 2 − 6𝑘 + 1)
= [𝟒(𝟐𝒏𝟐 + 𝒏 + 𝟐𝒏 + 𝟏)] + 𝟗𝒏 + 𝟗 + 𝟑]
𝟑 𝑘=1
𝒏 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
= (𝟖𝒏𝟐 + 𝟏𝟐𝒏 + 𝟒 + 𝟗𝒏 + 𝟗 + 𝟑)
𝟑 = 𝟗 ∑ 𝑘2 − 6 ∑ 𝑘 + ∑ 1
𝒏
= (𝟖𝒏𝟐 + 𝟐𝟏𝒏 + 𝟏𝟔) 𝑘=1 𝑘=1 𝑘=1
𝟑 𝒏(𝒏 + 𝟏)(𝟐𝒏 + 𝟏) 𝟔𝒏(𝒏 + 𝟏)
𝒏 =𝟗 − +𝒏
= (𝟖𝒏𝟐 + 𝟐𝟏𝒏 + 𝟏𝟔) 𝟔 𝟐
𝟑
𝟑𝒏(𝒏 + 𝟏)(𝟐𝒏 + !)
Question#5 = − 𝟑𝒏(𝒏 + 𝟏) + 𝒏
𝟐
𝟏𝟐 + 𝟑𝟐 + 𝟓𝟐 + . .. 𝒏
= [𝟑(𝟐𝒏𝟐 + 𝒏 + 𝟐𝒏 + 𝟏] − 𝟔(𝒏 + 𝟏) + 𝟐]
Solution: 𝟐
𝒏
12 + 32 + 52 + . .. = (𝟔𝒏𝟐 + 𝟗𝒏 + 𝟑 − 𝟔𝒏 − 𝟔 + 𝟐)
1 + (𝑘 − 1)2 𝟐
𝒏
= 1 + 2𝑘 − 2 𝑺𝒏 = (𝟔𝒏𝟐 + 𝟑𝒏 − 𝟏)
𝟐
= 2𝑘 − 1 Question#7

pk
If 𝑇𝑘 denotes the kth term of the series, then 𝟐 × 𝟏𝟐 + 𝟒 × 𝟐𝟐 + 𝟔 × 𝟑𝟐 + . ..
𝑇𝑘 = (2𝑘 − 1)2 = 4𝑘 2 − 4𝑘 + 1
Solution:
Let 𝑆𝑛 denotes the sum of first n terms of the s. 2 × 12 + 4 × 22 + 6 × 32 + . ..
series then 2 + (𝑘 − 1)2
𝑛
= 2 + 2𝑘 − 2
te
𝑆𝑛 = ∑(4𝑘 2 − 4𝑘 + 1 ) = 2𝑘
𝑘=1 1 + (𝑘 − 1)1
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
no

2
= ∑ 4𝑘 − ∑ 4𝑘 + ∑ 1 = 1+𝑘−1
=𝑘
𝑘=1 𝑘=1 𝑘=1
𝑛(𝑛 + 1)(2𝑛 + 1) 𝑛(𝑛 + 1) If 𝑇𝑘 denotes the kth term of the series, then
= 4( ) − 4( )+𝑛 𝑇𝑘 = (2𝑘)(𝑘)3 = 2𝑘 3
sy

6 2
=
2𝑛(𝑛+1)(2𝑛+1)
− 2(𝑛(𝑛 + 1)) + 𝑛 Let 𝑆𝑛 denotes the sum of first n terms of the
3
2(𝑛 + 1)(2𝑛 + 1)
series then
ea

= 𝑛( − 2((𝑛 + 1)) + 1) 𝑛
3 𝑆𝑛 = ∑(3𝑘 2 − 2𝑘)
2(2𝑛2 + 2𝑛 + 𝑛 + 1)(2𝑛 + 1) 𝑘=1
= 𝑛( − 2𝑛 − 2 + 1) 𝑛 𝑛
3
3)
2(2𝑛2 + 3𝑛 + 1) = ∑(2𝑘 = 2 ∑ 𝑘3
= 𝑛( − 2𝑛 − 1) 𝑘=1 𝑘=1
3 2
𝑛(𝑛 + 1)
4𝑛2 + 6𝑛 + 2 − 6𝑛 − 3 = 2( )
= 𝑛( ) 2
3
𝑛2 (𝑛 + 1)2
4𝑛2 − 1 =2.
= 𝑛( ) 4
3 𝑛2 (𝑛+1)2
𝑛 =
= (4𝑛2 − 1)
3
2
Question#8
Question#6
𝟑 × 𝟐𝟐 + 𝟓 × 𝟑𝟐 + 𝟕 × 𝟒𝟐 + . ..
𝟐𝟐 + 𝟓𝟐 + 𝟖𝟐 + . ..
Solution:
Solution:
3 × 22 + 5 × 32 + 7 × 42 + . ..
𝟐𝟐 + 𝟓𝟐 + 𝟖𝟐 + . ..
3 + (𝑘 − 1)2
𝟐 + (𝒌 − 𝟏)𝟑
= 3 + 2𝑘 − 2
= 𝟐 + 𝟑𝒌 − 𝟑
= 2𝑘 + 1
= 𝟑𝒌 − 𝟏
2 + (𝑘 − 1)1
= 2+𝑘−1

43 | P a g e
Class 11 Chapter 6
=𝑘+1 𝑇𝑘 = (3𝑘 3 + 10𝑘 2 + 11𝑘 + 4)
𝑛 𝑛
If 𝑇𝑘 denotes the kth term of the series, then 3 2
𝑇𝑘 = (2𝑘 + 1)(𝑘 + 1)3 = (𝑘 + 1)(𝑘 2 + 2𝑘 + 1) ⇒ 𝑺𝒏 = ∑ 𝑇𝑘 = 2. ∑ (3𝑘 + 10𝑘 + 11𝑘 + 4)
𝑘=1 𝑘=1
= 2𝑘 3 + 4𝑘 2 + 2𝑘 + 1 + 𝑘 2 + 2𝑘 + 1 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
= 2𝑘 3 + 5𝑘 2 + 4𝑘 + 1 3 2
= 𝟐 [𝟑 ∑ 𝑘 + 10 ∑ 𝑘 + 11 ∑ 𝑘 + ∑ 4]
Let 𝑆𝑛 denotes the sum of first n terms of the 𝑘=1 𝑘=1 𝑘=1 𝑘=1
𝟐 (𝒏
series then + 𝟏)𝟐 𝟏𝟎𝒏(𝒏 + 𝟏)(𝟐𝒏 + 𝟏)
𝒏
𝑛 = 𝟐 [𝟑. +
𝟒 𝟔
𝑆𝑛 = ∑(2𝑘 3 + 5𝑘 2 + 4𝑘 + 1 ) 𝟏𝟏𝒏(𝒏 + 𝟏
𝑘=1
+ + 𝟒𝒏]
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛 𝟐
3
= 2∑𝑘 +5∑𝑘 +4∑𝑘+ ∑1 2 𝟑𝒏𝟐 (𝒏 + 𝟏)𝟐 𝟓𝒏(𝒏 + 𝟏)(𝟐𝒏 + 𝟏)
= 𝟐[ +
𝑘=1 𝑘=1 𝑘=1 𝑘=1 𝟒 𝟑
2
𝑛(𝑛 + 1) 𝑛(𝑛 + 1)(2𝑛 + 1) 𝟏𝟏𝒏(𝒏 + 𝟏)
= 2( ) + 5( ) + + 𝟒𝒏]
2 6 𝟐
𝟗𝒏(𝒏𝟐 + 𝟏 + 𝟐𝒏) + 𝟐𝟎(𝟐𝒏𝟐 + 𝒏 + 𝟐𝒏 + 𝟏) + 𝟔𝟔𝒏 + 𝟔𝟔 + 𝟒𝟖
𝑛(𝑛 + 1) = 𝟐𝒏 [ ]
+ 4( )+𝑛 𝟏𝟐
2 𝒏
𝑛2 (𝑛+1)2 5𝑛(𝑛+1)(2𝑛+1) = [𝟗𝒏𝟑 + 𝟗𝒏 + 𝟏𝟖𝒏𝟐 + 𝟒𝟎𝒏𝟐 + 𝟔𝟎𝒏 + 𝟐𝟎 + 𝟔𝟔𝒏
= 2. + + 2(𝑛(𝑛 + 1)) + 𝑛 𝟔
4 6
2 2 + 𝟔𝟔 + 𝟒𝟖]
𝑛(𝑛 + 2𝑛 + 1) 5𝑛(2𝑛 + 2𝑛 + 𝑛 + 1) 𝒏
= 𝑛( + = (𝟗𝒏𝟑 + 𝟓𝟖𝒏𝟐 + 𝟏𝟑𝟓𝒏 + 𝟏𝟑𝟒)

pk
2 6 𝟔
Question#10
+ 2(𝑛 + 1) + 1)
𝟏 × 𝟒 × 𝟔 + 𝟒 × 𝟕 × 𝟏𝟎 + 𝟕 × 𝟏𝟎 × 𝟏𝟒 + . ..
𝑛3 + 2𝑛2 + 𝑛 5(2𝑛2 + 2𝑛 + 𝑛 + 1)
= 𝑛(
2
+
6
+ 2𝑛 + 2
s. Solution:
⇒ 2 + (𝑘 − 1)1
= 2+𝑘−1
te
+ 1)
= 𝑘+1
𝑛3 + 2𝑛2 + 𝑛 10𝑛2 + 15𝑛 + 5
no

= 𝑛( + + 2𝑛 + 3) ⇒ 7 + (𝑘 − 1)3
2 6
3𝑛3 + 6𝑛2 + 3𝑛 + 10𝑛2 + 15𝑛 + 5 + 12𝑛 + 18 = 7 + 3𝑘 − 3
= 𝑛( ) = 3𝑘 + 4
6
sy

⇒ 4 + (𝑘 − 1)2
3𝑛3 + 16𝑛2 + 30𝑛 + 23
= 𝑛( ) = 4+𝑘−2
6
𝑛
= 2𝑘 + 2 = 2(𝑘 + 1)
= 6 (3𝑛3 + 16𝑛2 + 30𝑛 + 23)
ea

If 𝑇𝑘 denotes the kth term of the series, then

Question#9 𝑇𝑘 = 2(𝑘 + 1)(𝑘 + 1)(3𝑘 + 4)
𝟐 × 𝟒 × 𝟕 + 𝟑 × 𝟔 × 𝟏𝟎 + 𝟒 × 𝟖 × 𝟏𝟑 + . .. = 2(𝑘 + 1)2 (3𝑘 + 4)
Solution: = 2(𝑘 2 + 2𝑘 + 1)(3𝑘 + 4)
2 × 4 × 7 + 3 × 6 × 10 + 4 × 8 × 13 + . .. = 3𝑘 3 + 6𝑘 2 + 3𝑘 + 4𝑘 2 + 8𝑘 + 4
⇒ 2 + (𝑘 − 1)1 = 3𝑘 3 + 10𝑘 2 + 11𝑘 + 4
= 2+𝑘−1 Statement is wrong.
=𝑘+1 Question#11
𝟏 + (𝟏 + 𝟐) + (𝟏 + 𝟐 + 𝟑)+ . ..
⇒ 7 + (𝑘 − 1)3 Solution:
= 7 + 3𝑘 − 3 1 + (1 + 2) + (1 + 2 + 3)+ . ..
= 3𝑘 + 4 If 𝑇𝑘 denotes the kth term of the series, then
⇒ 4 + (𝑘 − 1)2 𝑘(𝑘+1) 1
= 4+𝑘−2 1 + 2 + 3……+ 𝑘 = 2
= 2 (𝑘 2 + 𝑘)
= 2𝑘 + 2 = 2(𝑘 + 1) Let 𝑆𝑛 denotes the sum of first n terms of the
If 𝑇𝑘 denotes the kth term of the series, then series then
𝑛
𝑇𝑘 = 2(𝑘 + 1)(𝑘 + 1)(3𝑘 + 4)
1
= 2(𝑘 + 1)2 (3𝑘 + 4) 𝑆𝑛 = ∑ ( (𝑘 2 + 𝑘))
2
= 2(𝑘 2 + 2𝑘 + 1)(3𝑘 + 4) 𝑘=1

= (3𝑘 3 + 6𝑘 2 + 3𝑘 + 4𝑘 2 + 8𝑘 + 4)

44 | P a g e
Class 11 Chapter 6
𝑛 𝑛 3 1
1 1 = 2 𝑘2 + 2 𝑘
= ∑ 𝑘2 + ∑ 𝑘 𝑛 𝑛
2 2 1
𝑘=1 𝑘=1 2
𝑺𝒏 = ∑ 𝑇𝑘 = ∑ [ (3𝑘 + 𝑘)]
1 𝑛(𝑛 + 1)(2𝑛 + 1) 1 𝑛(𝑛 + 1) 2
= ( )+ ( ) 𝑘=1 𝑘=1
2 6 2 2 𝟏 𝒏(𝒏 + 𝟏)(𝟐𝒏 + 𝟏) 𝒏(𝒏 + 𝟏)
𝑛(𝑛 + 1) (2𝑛 + 1) = [𝟑 + ]
= ( + 1) 𝟐 𝟔 𝟐
4 3 𝟏 𝒏(𝒏 + 𝟏)(𝟐𝒏 + 𝟏) 𝒏(𝒏 + 𝟏)
𝑛(𝑛 + 1) 2𝑛 + 1 + 3 = [ + ]
= ( ) 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
4 3 𝟏 𝒏(𝒏 + 𝟏)(𝟐𝒏 + 𝟏) 𝒏(𝒏 + 𝟏)
𝑛(𝑛 + 1) 2𝑛 + 4 = [ + ]
= ( ) 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
4 3
𝑛(𝑛+1)(2𝑛+4) 𝟏 𝒏(𝒏 + 𝟏)
= = . [𝟐𝒏 + 𝟏 + 𝟏]
12 𝟐 𝟐
Question#12 𝒏(𝒏 + 𝟏)
= [𝟐𝒏 + 𝟐]
𝟏𝟐 + (𝟏𝟐 + 𝟐𝟐 ) + (𝟏𝟐 + 𝟐𝟐 + 𝟑𝟐 )+ . .. 𝟒
𝒏(𝒏 + 𝟏)(𝒏 + 𝟏)
Solution: =
12 + (12 + 22 ) + (12 + 22 + 32 )+ . .. 𝟐
𝒏(𝒏 + 𝟏)𝟐
If 𝑇𝑘 denotes the kth term of the series, then 𝒔𝒏 =
𝑘(𝑘+1)(2𝑘+1)
𝟐
12 + 22 + 32 + . . . +𝑘 2 = 6 Question#14
=
1
𝑘(2𝑘 2 + 2𝑘 + 𝑘 + 1) Sum the series.

pk
6
1 (𝒊). 𝟏𝟐 − 𝟐𝟐 + 𝟑𝟐 − 𝟒𝟐 + . . . +(𝟐𝒏 − 𝟏)𝟐 − (𝟐𝒏)𝟐
= 𝑘(2𝑘 2 + 3𝑘 + 1)
6
1 Solution:
= (2𝑘 3 + 3𝑘 2 + 𝑘)
6 s. 12 − 22 + 32 − 42 + . . . +(2𝑛 − 1)2 − (2𝑛)2
1 3 1 1
= 3
𝑘 + 2 𝑘2 + 6 𝑘 If 𝑇𝑘 denotes the kth term of the series, then
Let 𝑆𝑛 denotes the sum of first n terms of the 𝑇𝑘 = 2(𝑘 − 1)2 − (2𝑘)2
te
series then = 2(𝑘 2 − 2𝑘 + 1) − (4𝑘 2 )
𝑛 = 4𝑘 2 − 4𝑘 + 1 − 4𝑘 2
1 1 1 = −4𝑘 + 1
no

𝑆𝑛 = ∑ ( 𝑘 3 + 𝑘 2 + 𝑘 )
3 2 6 Now
𝑘=1 𝑛 𝑛
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
1 1 1 𝑺𝒏 = ∑ 𝑇𝑘 = ∑(−4𝑘 + 1)
∑ 𝑘3 + ∑ 𝑘2 + ∑ 𝑘
sy

=
3 2 6 𝑘=1
𝑛
𝑘=1
𝑛
𝑘=1 𝑘=1 𝑘=1
2
1 𝑛(𝑛 + 1) 1 𝑛(𝑛 + 1)(2𝑛 + 1) = −𝟒 ∑ 𝑘 + ∑ 1
= ( ) + ( )
ea

3 2 2 6 𝑘=1 𝑘=1
𝒏(𝒏 − 𝟏)
1 𝑛(𝑛 + 1) = −𝟒 +𝒏
+ ( ) 𝟐
6 2
= −𝒏(𝒏 + 𝟏) + 𝒏 = −𝟐𝒏𝟐 − 𝟐𝒏 + 𝒏
𝑛2 (𝑛+1)2 𝑛(𝑛+1)(2𝑛+1) (𝑛(𝑛+1))
= 12
+ 12
+ 12 𝑺𝒏 = −𝟐𝒏𝟐 − 𝒏 = −𝒏(𝟐𝒏 + 𝟏)
=
𝑛(𝑛+1)
(𝑛(𝑛 + 1) + 2(𝑛 + 1) + 1) (𝒊𝒊). 𝟏𝟐 − 𝟑𝟐 + 𝟓𝟐 − 𝟕𝟐 + . . . +(𝟒𝒏 − 𝟑)𝟐 − (𝟒𝒏 −
12
𝑛(𝑛+1)
𝟏)𝟐
= (𝑛2 + 𝑛 + 2𝑛 + 1 + 2) Solution:
12
𝑛(𝑛+1)(𝑛2 +3𝑛+3) 12 − 32 + 52 − 72 + . . . +(4𝑛 − 3)2 − (4𝑛 − 1)2
= 12
If 𝑇𝑘 denotes the kth term of the series, then
Question#13
𝟐 + (𝟐 + 𝟓) + (𝟐 + 𝟓 + 𝟖)+ . .. 𝑇𝑘 = (4𝑘 − 3)2 − (4𝑘 − 1)2
= (16𝑘 2 − 24𝑘 + 9) − (16𝑘 2 − 8𝑘 + 1)
Solution:
= 16𝑘 2 − 24𝑘 + 9 − 16𝑘 2 + 8𝑘 − 1
2 + (2 + 5) + (2 + 5 + 8)+ . ..
= −16𝑘 + 8
If 𝑇𝑘 denotes the kth term of the series, then 𝑛 𝑛
2 + 5 + 8 + . . . . +𝑢𝑝𝑡𝑜 𝑘 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚. 𝑺𝒏 = ∑ 𝑇𝑘 = ∑ (−16𝑘 + 8)
𝑘
= [2(2) + (𝑘 − 1)(3)]
2
𝑘=1
𝑛
𝑘=1
𝑛
𝑘
= [4 + 3𝑘 − 3] = −𝟏𝟔 ∑ 𝑘 + ∑ 8
2
𝑘 𝑘=1 𝑘=1
= [3𝑘 + 1]
2

45 | P a g e
Class 11 Chapter 6
𝒏(𝒏 + 𝟏) 𝒏
= −𝟏𝟔 + 𝟖𝒏 = [𝟐𝒏𝟐 + 𝒏 + 𝟐𝒏 + 𝟏 + 𝒏 + 𝟏 + 𝟐]
𝟐 𝟐
= −𝟖𝒏(𝒏 + 𝟏) + 𝟖𝒏 𝒏 𝟐𝒏 𝟐
(𝟐𝒏𝟐 + 𝟒𝒏 + 𝟒) = (𝒏 + 𝒏 + 𝟐)
= −𝟖𝒏𝟐 − 𝟖𝒏 + 𝟖𝒏 𝟐 𝟐
𝑺𝒏 = 𝒏(𝒏𝟐 + 𝒏 + 𝟐)
𝑺𝒏 = −𝟖𝒏𝟐
𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐 +𝟐𝟐 𝟏𝟐 +𝟐𝟐 +𝟑𝟐
(𝒊𝒊𝒊). + + + . .. to n terms
𝟏 𝟐 𝟑 (𝒊𝒊). 𝒏𝟐 + 𝟒𝒏 + 𝟏
Solution: Solution:
If 𝑇𝑘 denotes the kth term of the series, then 𝑻𝒏 = 𝒏𝟐 + 𝟒𝒌 + 𝟏
𝑘(𝑘+1)(2𝑘+1) 𝑛 𝑛
12 +22 +32 + ...+𝑘 2 𝑘(𝑘+1)(2𝑘+1)
𝑘
= 6
𝑘
= 6𝑘 𝑺𝒏 = ∑ 𝑇𝑘 = ∑(𝑘 2 + 4𝑘 + 1)
2𝑘 2 +2𝑘+𝑘+1 𝑘=1 𝑘=1
= 6𝑘 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
2𝑘 2 +3𝑘+1 2
= ∑𝑘 + 4∑𝑘 + ∑1
6𝑘
2 3 1 𝑘=1 𝑘=1 𝑘=1
= 6 𝑘2 + 6 𝑘 + 6 𝑛(𝑛 + 1)(2𝑛 + 1) 4𝑛(𝑛 + 1)
1 1 1 = + +𝑛
= 3 𝑘2 + 2 𝑘 + 6 6 2
2𝑛2 + 𝑛 + 2𝑛 + 1
Let 𝑆𝑛 denotes the sum of first n terms of the 𝑛[ + 2𝑛 + 2 + 1]
6
series then 𝑛
𝑆𝑛 = ∑
𝑛
1 1
( 𝑘2 + 𝑘 + )
1 = [2𝑛2 + 3𝑛 + 1 + 12𝑛 + 12 + 6]
𝑘=1 3 2 6 6
𝑛

pk
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
1 1 1 = [2𝑛2 + 15𝑛 + 19]
= ∑ 𝑘 2 + ∑ 𝑘 + ∑(1) 6
3 2
𝑘=1
6
𝑘=1 𝑘=1
Question#16
1 𝑛(𝑛 + 1)(2𝑛 + 1) 1 𝑛(𝑛 + 1) 𝑛 s. Given nth terms of the series, find the sum
= ( )+ ( )+
3 6 2 2 6 to 2n terms.
𝑛(𝑛+1)(2𝑛+1) (𝑛(𝑛+1)) 𝑛 (𝒊). 𝟑𝒏𝟐 + 𝟐𝒏 + 𝟏
te
= 18
+ 4
+6
𝑛 (𝑛+1)(2𝑛+1) (𝑛+1) 1 Solution:
= ( + + 3)
2 9 2 𝑻𝒏 = 𝟑𝒏𝟐 + 𝟐𝒏 + 𝟏
no

𝑛 (2𝑛2 +2𝑛+𝑛+1) 𝑛+1 1

= ( + 2 + 3) 𝑺𝟐𝒏 =?
2 9
𝑛 2𝑛2 +3𝑛+1 𝑛+1 1 𝑻𝒌 = 𝟑𝒌𝟐 + 𝟐𝒌 + 𝟏
= 2
( 9
+ 2 + 3) 𝑛 𝑛

∵ 𝑺𝒏 = ∑ 𝑇𝑘 = ∑(3𝑘 2 + 2𝑘 + 1)
sy

𝑛 4𝑛2 +6𝑛+2+9𝑛+9+6
= 2
( 18
)
𝑘=1 𝑘=1
2
𝑛 4𝑛 +15𝑛+17 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
= ( ) 2
2 18 𝑺𝒏 = 𝟑 ∑ 𝑘 + 2 ∑ + ∑ 1
ea

𝑛
= (4𝑛2 + 15𝑛 + 17) 𝑘=1 𝑘=1 𝑘=1
36
Question#15 𝒏(𝒏 + 𝟏)(𝟐𝒏 + 𝟏) 𝟐𝒏(𝒏 + 𝟏)
=𝟑 + +𝒏
Find the sum to n terms of the series whose 𝟔 𝟐
𝒏(𝒏 + 𝟏)(𝟐𝒏 + 𝟏)
nth terms are given. =
𝟔
+ 𝒏(𝒏 + 𝟏) + 𝒏
(𝒊). 𝟑𝒏𝟐 + 𝒏 + 𝟏 𝟐𝒏𝟐 + 𝒏 + 𝟐𝒏 + 𝟏
Solution: =𝒏 [ + 𝒏 + 𝟏 + 𝟏]
𝟐
Since, 𝒏
= (𝟐𝒏𝟐 + 𝟑𝒏 + 𝟏 + 𝟐𝒏 + 𝟐 + 𝟐)
𝑇𝑛 = 3𝑛2 + 𝑛 + 1 𝟐
𝒏
Therefore, = (𝟐𝒏𝟐 + 𝟓𝒏 + 𝟓)
𝟐
𝑇𝑘 = 3𝑘 2 + 𝑘 + 1 𝒏
𝑛 𝑛 ⇒ 𝑺𝒏 = (𝟐𝒏𝟐 + 𝟓𝒏 + 𝟓)
2
𝟐
𝑺𝒏 = ∑ 𝑇𝑘 = ∑ (3𝑘 + 𝑘 + 1) So
𝑘=1 𝑘=1 𝒏
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛 𝑺𝒏 = (𝟐𝒏𝟐 + 𝟓𝒏 + 𝟓)
𝟐
= 𝟑 ∑ 𝑘2 + ∑ 𝑘 = ∑ 1 𝒏
⇒ 𝑺𝒏 = (𝟐𝒏𝟐 + 𝟓𝒏 + 𝟓)
𝑘=1 𝑘=1 𝑘=1 𝟐
𝒏(𝒏 + 𝟏)(𝟐𝒏 + 𝟏) 𝒏𝟗𝒏 + 𝟏) So
=𝟑 + +𝒏
𝟔 𝟐 𝟐𝒏
(𝒏 + 𝟏) 𝒏 + 𝟏 𝑺𝟐𝒏 = [𝟐(𝟐𝒏)𝟐 + 𝟓𝒏 + 𝟓]
= 𝒏[ + + 𝟏] 𝟐
𝟐 𝟐 ⇒ 𝑺𝟐𝒏 = 𝒏[𝟖𝒏𝟐 + 𝟏𝟎𝒏 + 𝟓]
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Class 11 Chapter 6
𝟑
(𝒊𝒊). 𝒏 + 𝟐𝒏 + 𝟑
Solution:
Since,
𝑇𝑛 = 𝑛3 + 2𝑛 + 3
Therefore,
𝑇𝑘 = 𝑘 3 + 2𝑘 + 3
Let 𝑆𝑛 denotes the sum of first n terms of the
series then
𝑛

𝑆𝑛 = ∑(𝑘 3 + 2𝑘 + 3 )
𝑘=1
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
3
= ∑ 𝑘 + 2 ∑ 𝑘 + 3 ∑(1)
𝑘=1 𝑘=1 𝑘=1
2
𝑛(𝑛 + 1) 𝑛(𝑛 + 1)
=( ) + 2( ) + 3𝑛
2 2
𝑛(𝑛+1)2
= 𝑛( 4
+ 𝑛 + 1 + 3)
2
𝑛(𝑛 + 2𝑛 + 1)
= 𝑛( + 𝑛 + 4)
4

pk
𝑛3 + 2𝑛2 + 𝑛
= 𝑛( + 𝑛 + 4)
4
𝑛3 + 2𝑛2 + 𝑛 + 4𝑛 + 16
= 𝑛( ) s.
4
𝑛
= 4 (𝑛3 + 2𝑛2 + 5𝑛 + 16)
te
Now for sum of first 2n terms put n = 2n
2𝑛
𝑆𝑛 = ((2𝑛)3 + 2(2𝑛) + 5(2𝑛) + 16)
4
no

𝑛
= 2 (8𝑛3 + 8𝑛2 + 10𝑛 + 16)
2𝑛
= 2 (4𝑛3 + 4𝑛2 + 5𝑛 + 8)
𝑆2𝑛 = 𝑛(4𝑛3 + 4𝑛2 + 5𝑛 + 8)
sy
ea

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