PURLINS

What is a “PURLIN”?

A purlin is a longitudinal, horizontal, structural

member in a roof. In traditional timber framing
there are three basic types of purlin: purlin plate,
principal purlin, and common purlin.
What is a “SAG ROD”?

Sag rods are used to provide alignment for

these members for the attachment of the
steel panels and to reduce their tendency to
bend laterally and twist.
GENERAL NOTES
The dead plus live load (D+L) combination is used because it is
proved to be critical for purlin and roof sheet design.

Dead load on purlin acts due to roofing, insulation and self-

weight of the purlin.

The roof load is converted into beam load per unit length by the
formula given below:
Load per unit length = load per unit area of roof x purlin spacing
GENERAL DEAD LOAD

NOTES WIND LOAD + LIVE LOAD

4. Lateral component of
loads at the top producing
torsion should be
considered separate from
the self-weight of purlin not
producing torsion.

Note: Except if it is assumed that all loads pass through the centroid of the wooden block.
GENERAL
NOTES
5. Purlin is assumed to be simply
supported trusses, both for x and y
direction bending.

6. Sag rod is considered as a lateral

roller support for purlin with no
effect on major axis bending.
GENERAL NOTES
7. Applied stress,

𝑴𝒙 𝑴𝒚
𝒇𝒃 = + + 𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒔𝒆𝒔 𝒅𝒖𝒆 𝒕𝒐 𝒕𝒐𝒓𝒒𝒖𝒆
𝑺𝒙 𝑺𝒚
𝜃
SAMPLE PROBLEMS
Situation 1- A 100mm x 150mm Agoho (80% Stress Grade) is used as a purlin of a truss whose top chord is
sloped at 4H to 1V. The trusses are spaced at 6m. The total roof dead load is 720 Pa and live load is 1000 Pa.
Wind pressure is 1.44 kPa and the wind pressure coefficients at windward and leeward sides are 0.60 and
0.20, respectively. Assume all loads pass through the centroid of the block.
Properties of 100mm x 150mm:
𝑆𝑥 = 37.5 × 104 𝑚𝑚3
𝑆𝑦 = 25 × 104 𝑚𝑚3
𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = 79 𝑁/𝑚
Allowable stresses of Agoho at 80% Stress Grade:
𝐹𝑏𝑥 = 𝐹𝑏𝑦 = 26.3 𝑀𝑃𝑎
If wind loads are included in the design, the allowable bending stress is increased by 1/3.
1. Find the maximum spacing of purlins (in mm) due to dead load plus live load only.
2. Find the maximum spacing of purlins (in mm) due to dead load plus live load plus wind load on the
leeward side.
3. Find the maximum spacing of purlins (in mm) due to dead load plus live load plus wind load on the
windward side.
Situation 1- A 100mm x 150mm Agoho (80% Stress Grade) is
used as a purlin of a truss whose top chord is sloped at 4H to 1V. Given:
The trusses are spaced at 6m. The total roof dead load is 720 Pa DL= 720 Pa
and live load is 1000 Pa. Wind pressure is 1.44 kPa and the wind LL= 1000 Pa
pressure coefficients at windward and leeward sides are 0.60 Weight of Purlin= 79 N/m
and 0.20, respectively. Assume all loads pass through the
centroid of the block. WL= 1.44 kPa
Coefficients:
Properties of 100mm x 150mm:
Windward side= 0.60
𝑆𝑥 = 37.5 × 104 𝑚𝑚3 Leeward side= 0.20
𝑆𝑦 = 25 × 104 𝑚𝑚3
𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = 79 𝑁/𝑚
Allowable stresses of Agoho at 80% Stress Grade:
𝐹𝑏𝑥 = 𝐹𝑏𝑦 = 26.3 𝑀𝑃𝑎
If wind loads are included in the design, the allowable
bending stress is increased by 1/3.
𝑤𝑛 𝐿2 𝑤𝑡 𝐿2
1. Find the maximum spacing of purlins (in mm) due to dead 𝑀𝑥 = 𝑀𝑦 =
load plus live load only. 8 8
2. Find the maximum spacing of purlins (in mm) due to dead 𝑤𝑛 (62 ) 𝑤𝑡 (62 )
load plus live load plus wind load on the leeward side. = =
3. Find the maximum spacing of purlins (in mm) due to dead 8 8
load plus live load plus wind load on the windward side. = 4.5𝑤𝑛 N-m = 4.5𝑤𝑡 N-m
Situation 1- A 100mm x 150mm Agoho (80% Stress Grade) is
used as a purlin of a truss whose top chord is sloped at 4H to 1V. Given:
The trusses are spaced at 6m. The total roof dead load is 720 Pa DL= 720 Pa
and live load is 1000 Pa. Wind pressure is 1.44 kPa and the wind LL= 1000 Pa
pressure coefficients at windward and leeward sides are 0.60 Weight of Purlin= 79 N/m
and 0.20, respectively. Assume all loads pass through the
centroid of the block. WL= 1.44 kPa
Coefficients:
Properties of 100mm x 150mm:
Windward side= 0.60
𝑆𝑥 = 37.5 × 104 𝑚𝑚3 Leeward side= 0.20
𝑆𝑦 = 25 × 104 𝑚𝑚3
𝑀𝑥 = 4.5𝑤𝑛 N-m 𝑀𝑦 = 4.5𝑤𝑡 N-m
𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = 79 𝑁/𝑚
Allowable stresses of Agoho at 80% Stress Grade: 𝑀𝑥 𝑀𝑦
𝑓𝑏𝑥 = 𝑓𝑏𝑦 =
𝐹𝑏𝑥 = 𝐹𝑏𝑦 = 26.3 𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝑆𝑥 𝑆𝑦
If wind loads are included in the design, the allowable 4.5𝑤𝑛 × 106 𝑁 − 𝑚𝑚 4.5𝑤𝑡 × 106 𝑁 − 𝑚𝑚
bending stress is increased by 1/3. = =
37.5 × 104 𝑚𝑚3 25 × 104 𝑚𝑚3
1. Find the maximum spacing of purlins (in mm) due to dead = 12 𝑤𝑛 𝑀𝑃𝑎
load plus live load only. = 18 𝑤𝑡 𝑀𝑃𝑎
2. Find the maximum spacing of purlins (in mm) due to dead
load plus live load plus wind load on the leeward side.
3. Find the maximum spacing of purlins (in mm) due to dead
load plus live load plus wind load on the windward side.
Given:
𝜃 = 14.036° 𝑀𝑥 = 4.5𝑤𝑛 N-m 𝑀𝑦 = 4.5𝑤𝑡 N-m
DL= 720 Pa
LL= 1000 Pa 𝑓𝑏𝑥 = 12 𝑤𝑛 𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝑓𝑏𝑦 = 18 𝑤𝑡 𝑀𝑃𝑎
Weight of Purlin= 79 N/m
WL= 1.44 kPa 1. Find the maximum spacing of purlins (in mm) due to dead
Coefficients: load plus live load only.
Windward side= 0.60
Leeward side= 0.20 NORMAL LOAD:
𝑤𝑛 = 79 cos 14.036° + 720 + 1000 𝑠 cos 14.036°
𝑁 1 𝑘𝑁
1 = 76.64 + 1668.65𝑠 ×
tan 𝜃 = 𝑚 1000 𝑁
4 𝑘𝑁
1 = 0.0766 + 1.669𝑠
𝜃= 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑚
4
𝜃 = 14.036° TANGENTIAL LOAD:
𝑤𝑡 = 79 sin 14.036° + 720 + 1000 𝑠 sin 14.036°
𝑁 1 𝑘𝑁
= 19.16 + 417.15𝑠 ×
𝑚 1000 𝑁
𝜃 𝑘𝑁
= 0.0192 + 0.4172𝑠
𝑚
Situation 1- A 100mm x 150mm Agoho (80% Stress Grade) is 𝑀𝑥 = 4.5𝑤𝑛 N-m 𝑀𝑦 = 4.5𝑤𝑡 N-m
used as a purlin of a truss whose top chord is sloped at 4H to 1V. 𝜃 = 14.036°
The trusses are spaced at 6m. The total roof dead load is 720 Pa 𝑓𝑏𝑥 = 12 𝑤𝑛 𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝑓𝑏𝑦 = 18 𝑤𝑡 𝑀𝑃𝑎
and live load is 1000 Pa. Wind pressure is 1.44 kPa and the wind
pressure coefficients at windward and leeward sides are 0.60
and 0.20, respectively. Assume all loads pass through the 1. Find the maximum spacing of purlins (in mm) due to dead
centroid of the block. Given: load plus live load only.
Properties of 100mm x 150mm: DL= 720 Pa 𝑘𝑁
𝑤𝑛 = 0.0766 + 1.669𝑠
𝑆𝑥 = 37.5 × 104 𝑚𝑚3 LL= 1000 Pa 𝑚
𝑘𝑁
𝑆𝑦 = 25 × 104 𝑚𝑚3 Weight of Purlin= 79 N/m 𝑤𝑡 = 0.0192 + 0.4172𝑠
WL= 1.44 kPa 𝑚
𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = 79 𝑁/𝑚
Coefficients:
Allowable stresses of Agoho at 80% Stress Grade: 𝑓𝑏𝑥 = 12 𝑤𝑛 𝑀𝑃𝑎
Windward side= 0.60
𝐹𝑏𝑥 = 𝐹𝑏𝑦 = 26.3 𝑀𝑃𝑎 Leeward side= 0.20 = 12 0.0766 + 1.669𝑠 𝑀𝑃𝑎
If wind loads are included in the design, the allowable = 0.9192 + 20.028𝑠 𝑀𝑃𝑎
bending stress is increased by 1/3.
𝑓𝑏𝑦 = 18 𝑤𝑡 𝑀𝑃𝑎
1. Find the maximum spacing of purlins (in mm) due to dead
load plus live load only. = 18 0.0192 + 0.4172𝑠 𝑀𝑃𝑎
2. Find the maximum spacing of purlins (in mm) due to dead = 0.3456 + 7.5096𝑠 𝑀𝑃𝑎
load plus live load plus wind load on the leeward side.
3. Find the maximum spacing of purlins (in mm) due to dead
load plus live load plus wind load on the windward side.
Situation 1- A 100mm x 150mm Agoho (80% Stress Grade) is 𝑀𝑥 = 4.5𝑤𝑛 N-m 𝑀𝑦 = 4.5𝑤𝑡 N-m
used as a purlin of a truss whose top chord is sloped at 4H to 1V. 𝜃 = 14.036°
The trusses are spaced at 6m. The total roof dead load is 720 Pa 𝑓𝑏𝑥 = 12 𝑤𝑛 𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝑓𝑏𝑦 = 18 𝑤𝑡 𝑀𝑃𝑎
and live load is 1000 Pa. Wind pressure is 1.44 kPa and the wind
pressure coefficients at windward and leeward sides are 0.60
and 0.20, respectively. Assume all loads pass through the 1. Find the maximum spacing of purlins (in mm) due to dead
centroid of the block. Given: load plus live load only.
Properties of 100mm x 150mm: DL= 720 Pa 𝑓𝑏𝑥 = 0.9192 + 20.028𝑠 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑆𝑥 = 37.5 × 10 𝑚𝑚 LL= 1000 Pa
4 3
𝑓𝑏𝑦 = 0.3456 + 7.5096𝑠 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑆𝑦 = 25 × 10 𝑚𝑚 4 3 Weight of Purlin= 79 N/m
WL= 1.44 kPa
𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = 79 𝑁/𝑚 0.9192 + 20.028𝑠 0.3456 + 7.5096𝑠
Coefficients: + ≤1
Allowable stresses of Agoho at 80% Stress Grade: 26.3 26.3
Windward side= 0.60
𝐹𝑏𝑥 = 𝐹𝑏𝑦 = 26.3 𝑀𝑃𝑎 Leeward side= 0.20
If wind loads are included in the design, the allowable 𝒔 ≤ 𝟎. 𝟗𝟎𝟗 𝒎 𝒐𝒓 𝟗𝟎𝟗 𝒎𝒎
bending stress is increased by 1/3.
1. Find the maximum spacing of purlins (in mm) due to dead
load plus live load only.
2. Find the maximum spacing of purlins (in mm) due to dead
load plus live load plus wind load on the leeward side.
3. Find the maximum spacing of purlins (in mm) due to dead
load plus live load plus wind load on the windward side.
Situation 1- A 100mm x 150mm Agoho (80% Stress Grade) is 𝑀𝑥 = 4.5𝑤𝑛 N-m 𝑀𝑦 = 4.5𝑤𝑡 N-m
used as a purlin of a truss whose top chord is sloped at 4H to 1V. 𝜃 = 14.036°
The trusses are spaced at 6m. The total roof dead load is 720 Pa 𝑓𝑏𝑥 = 12 𝑤𝑛 𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝑓𝑏𝑦 = 18 𝑤𝑡 𝑀𝑃𝑎
and live load is 1000 Pa. Wind pressure is 1.44 kPa and the wind
pressure coefficients at windward and leeward sides are 0.60 2. Find the maximum spacing of purlins (in mm) due to dead
and 0.20, respectively. Assume all loads pass through the
centroid of the block. load plus live load plus wind load on the leeward side.
Given:
Properties of 100mm x 150mm: DL= 720 Pa 𝑘𝑁
𝑤𝑛 = 0.0766 + 1.669𝑠 − 1.44 × 0.20 𝑠
𝑆𝑥 = 37.5 × 104 𝑚𝑚3 LL= 1000 Pa 𝑚
𝑘𝑁
𝑆𝑦 = 25 × 104 𝑚𝑚3 Weight of Purlin= 79 N/m = (0.0766 + 1.381𝑠) 𝑚
WL= 1.44 kPa
𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = 79 𝑁/𝑚 𝑘𝑁
Coefficients: 𝑤𝑡 = 0.0192 + 0.4172𝑠
Allowable stresses of Agoho at 80% Stress Grade:
Windward side= 0.60 𝑚
𝐹𝑏𝑥 = 𝐹𝑏𝑦 = 26.3 𝑀𝑃𝑎 Leeward side= 0.20 𝑓𝑏𝑥 = 12 𝑤𝑛 𝑀𝑃𝑎
If wind loads are included in the design, the allowable
bending stress is increased by 1/3. = 12 0.0766 + 1.381𝑠 𝑀𝑃𝑎
= 0.9192 + 16.572𝑠 𝑀𝑃𝑎
1. Find the maximum spacing of purlins (in mm) due to dead
load plus live load only.
2. Find the maximum spacing of purlins (in mm) due to dead 𝑓𝑏𝑦 = 18𝑤𝑡 𝑀𝑃𝑎
load plus live load plus wind load on the leeward side. = 18 0.0192 + 0.4172𝑠 𝑀𝑃𝑎
3. Find the maximum spacing of purlins (in mm) due to dead
load plus live load plus wind load on the windward side.
= 0.3456 + 7.5096𝑠 𝑀𝑃𝑎
Situation 1- A 100mm x 150mm Agoho (80% Stress Grade) is 𝑀𝑥 = 4.5𝑤𝑛 N-m 𝑀𝑦 = 4.5𝑤𝑡 N-m
used as a purlin of a truss whose top chord is sloped at 4H to 1V. 𝜃 = 14.036°
The trusses are spaced at 6m. The total roof dead load is 720 Pa 𝑓𝑏𝑥 = 12 𝑤𝑛 𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝑓𝑏𝑦 = 18 𝑤𝑡 𝑀𝑃𝑎
and live load is 1000 Pa. Wind pressure is 1.44 kPa and the wind
pressure coefficients at windward and leeward sides are 0.60
2. Find the maximum spacing of purlins (in mm) due to dead
and 0.20, respectively. Assume all loads pass through the
centroid of the block. load plus live load plus wind load on the leeward side.
Given:
Properties of 100mm x 150mm: DL= 720 Pa
𝑆𝑥 = 37.5 × 104 𝑚𝑚3 LL= 1000 Pa 𝑓𝑏𝑥 = 0.9192 + 16.572𝑠 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑆𝑦 = 25 × 104 𝑚𝑚3 Weight of Purlin= 79 N/m 𝑓𝑏𝑦 = 0.3456 + 7.5096𝑠 𝑀𝑃𝑎
WL= 1.44 kPa
𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = 79 𝑁/𝑚
Coefficients:
Allowable stresses of Agoho at 80% Stress Grade:
Windward side= 0.60 0.9192 + 16.572𝑠 0.3456 + 7.5096𝑠
𝐹𝑏𝑥 = 𝐹𝑏𝑦 = 26.3 𝑀𝑃𝑎 Leeward side= 0.20 + ≤1
1 1
If wind loads are included in the design, the allowable 1 + 3 26.3 1 + 3 26.3
bending stress is increased by 1/3.
𝒔 ≤ 𝟏. 𝟒𝟎𝟒 𝒎 𝒐𝒓 𝟏𝟒𝟎𝟒 𝒎𝒎
1. Find the maximum spacing of purlins (in mm) due to dead
load plus live load only.
2. Find the maximum spacing of purlins (in mm) due to dead
load plus live load plus wind load on the leeward side.
3. Find the maximum spacing of purlins (in mm) due to dead
load plus live load plus wind load on the windward side.
Situation 1- A 100mm x 150mm Agoho (80% Stress Grade) is 𝑀𝑥 = 4.5𝑤𝑛 N-m 𝑀𝑦 = 4.5𝑤𝑡 N-m
used as a purlin of a truss whose top chord is sloped at 4H to 1V. 𝜃 = 14.036°
The trusses are spaced at 6m. The total roof dead load is 720 Pa 𝑓𝑏𝑥 = 12 𝑤𝑛 𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝑓𝑏𝑦 = 18 𝑤𝑡 𝑀𝑃𝑎
and live load is 1000 Pa. Wind pressure is 1.44 kPa and the wind
pressure coefficients at windward and leeward sides are 0.60
3. Find the maximum spacing of purlins (in mm) due to dead
and 0.20, respectively. Assume all loads pass through the
centroid of the block. load plus live load plus wind load on the windward side.
Given:
Properties of 100mm x 150mm: DL= 720 Pa 𝑘𝑁
𝑤𝑛 = 0.0766 + 1.669𝑠 + 1.44 × 0.60 𝑠
𝑆𝑥 = 37.5 × 104 𝑚𝑚3 LL= 1000 Pa 𝑚
𝑘𝑁
𝑆𝑦 = 25 × 104 𝑚𝑚3 Weight of Purlin= 79 N/m = (0.0766 + 2.533𝑠) 𝑚
WL= 1.44 kPa
𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = 79 𝑁/𝑚 𝑘𝑁
Coefficients: 𝑤𝑡 = 0.0192 + 0.4172𝑠
Allowable stresses of Agoho at 80% Stress Grade:
Windward side= 0.60 𝑚
𝐹𝑏𝑥 = 𝐹𝑏𝑦 = 26.3 𝑀𝑃𝑎 Leeward side= 0.20 𝑓𝑏𝑥 = 12 𝑤𝑛 𝑀𝑃𝑎
If wind loads are included in the design, the allowable
bending stress is increased by 1/3. = 12 0.0766 + 2.533𝑠 𝑀𝑃𝑎
= 0.9192 + 30.396𝑠 𝑀𝑃𝑎
1. Find the maximum spacing of purlins (in mm) due to dead
load plus live load only.
2. Find the maximum spacing of purlins (in mm) due to dead 𝑓𝑏𝑦 = 18 𝑤𝑡 𝑀𝑃𝑎
load plus live load plus wind load on the leeward side. = 18 0.0192 + 0.4172𝑠 𝑀𝑃𝑎
3. Find the maximum spacing of purlins (in mm) due to dead
load plus live load plus wind load on the windward side.
= 0.3456 + 7.5096𝑠 𝑀𝑃𝑎
Situation 1- A 100mm x 150mm Agoho (80% Stress Grade) is 𝑀𝑥 = 4.5𝑤𝑛 N-m 𝑀𝑦 = 4.5𝑤𝑡 N-m
used as a purlin of a truss whose top chord is sloped at 4H to 1V. 𝜃 = 14.036°
The trusses are spaced at 6m. The total roof dead load is 720 Pa 𝑓𝑏𝑥 = 12 𝑤𝑛 𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝑓𝑏𝑦 = 18 𝑤𝑡 𝑀𝑃𝑎
and live load is 1000 Pa. Wind pressure is 1.44 kPa and the wind
pressure coefficients at windward and leeward sides are 0.60
3. Find the maximum spacing of purlins (in mm) due to dead
and 0.20, respectively. Assume all loads pass through the
centroid of the block. load plus live load plus wind load on the windward side.
Given:
Properties of 100mm x 150mm: DL= 720 Pa
𝑆𝑥 = 37.5 × 104 𝑚𝑚3 LL= 1000 Pa 𝑓𝑏𝑥 = 0.9192 + 30.396𝑠 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑆𝑦 = 25 × 104 𝑚𝑚3 Weight of Purlin= 79 N/m 𝑓𝑏𝑦 = 0.3456 + 7.5096𝑠 𝑀𝑃𝑎
WL= 1.44 kPa
𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = 79 𝑁/𝑚
Coefficients:
Allowable stresses of Agoho at 80% Stress Grade:
Windward side= 0.60 0.9192 + 30.396𝑠 0.3456 + 7.5096𝑠
𝐹𝑏𝑥 = 𝐹𝑏𝑦 = 26.3 𝑀𝑃𝑎 Leeward side= 0.20 + ≤1
1 1
If wind loads are included in the design, the allowable 1 + 3 26.3 1 + 3 26.3
bending stress is increased by 1/3.
𝒔 ≤ 𝟎. 𝟖𝟗𝟐 𝒎 𝒐𝒓 𝟖𝟗𝟐 𝒎𝒎
1. Find the maximum spacing of purlins (in mm) due to dead
load plus live load only.
2. Find the maximum spacing of purlins (in mm) due to dead
load plus live load plus wind load on the leeward side.
3. Find the maximum spacing of purlins (in mm) due to dead
load plus live load plus wind load on the windward side.
Situation 2- Molave at 80% Stress Grade is used as a purlin of a truss. Dimensions of the purlins are
100 mm and 150 mm. Given the following data:
Properties rectangular section:
𝑆𝑥 = 37.5 × 104 𝑚𝑚3
𝑆𝑦 = 25 × 104 𝑚𝑚3
Simple span = 6m
Spacing of purlins = 0.90m with two sag rods @ 2m
Angle of inclination of truss = 35°
Loads
Roof loads (applied at centroid of purlin)
Dead load = 750 Pa (including weight of purlin)
Live load = 1000 Pa
Wind Pressure = 1440 Pa
Wind pressure coefficient at windward side = 0.24 (pressure)
Wind pressure coefficient at leeward side = 0.52 (suction)
Assume that all loads pass through the centroid of the rectangular section.
1. Find the bending stress, 𝑓𝑏𝑥 , (MPa) due to dead and live load.
2. Find the bending stress, 𝑓𝑏𝑦 , (MPa) due to dead and live load.
3. Find the interaction value for 0.75(W+D+L) at the windward side if 𝐹𝑏𝑥 = 𝐹𝑏𝑦 = 24 𝑀𝑃𝑎.
Situation 2- Molave at 80% Stress Grade is used as a purlin of a truss.
Dimensions of the purlins are 100 mm and 150 mm. Given the following
data:
Properties rectangular section:
𝑆𝑥 = 37.5 × 104 𝑚𝑚3
𝑆𝑦 = 25 × 104 𝑚𝑚3
Simple span = 6m
𝑤𝑛 𝐿2 𝑤𝑡 𝐿2
Spacing of purlins = 0.90m with two sag rods @ 2m 𝑀𝑥 = 𝑀𝑦 =
9 90
Angle of inclination of truss = 35°
Loads
𝑤𝑡 (62 ) 𝑤𝑡 (62 )
= =
Roof loads (applied at centroid of purlin)
9 90
Dead load = 750 Pa (including weight of purlin) = 4 𝑤𝑛 N-m = 0.40 𝑤𝑡 N-m
Live load = 1000 Pa
Wind Pressure = 1440 Pa
𝑀𝑥 𝑀𝑦
Wind pressure coefficient at windward side = 0.24 (pressure) 𝑓𝑏𝑥 = 𝑓𝑏𝑦 =
𝑆𝑥 𝑆𝑦
Wind pressure coefficient at leeward side = 0.52 (suction)
Assume that all loads pass through the centroid of the rectangular section. 4 𝑤𝑛 × 106 𝑁 − 𝑚𝑚 0.40 𝑤𝑡 × 106 𝑁 − 𝑚𝑚
= =
1. Find the bending stress, 𝑓𝑏𝑥 , (MPa) due to dead and live load. 37.5 × 104 𝑚𝑚3 25 × 104 𝑚𝑚3
2. Find the bending stress, 𝑓𝑏𝑦 , (MPa) due to dead and live load. = 1.6𝑤𝑡 𝑀𝑃𝑎
= 10.667 𝑤𝑛 𝑀𝑃𝑎
3. Find the interaction value for 0.75(W+D+L) at the windward side if
𝐹𝑏𝑥 = 𝐹𝑏𝑦 = 24 𝑀𝑃𝑎.
Situation 2- Molave at 80% Stress Grade is used as a purlin of a truss. 𝑓𝑏𝑥 = 10.667 𝑤𝑛 𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝑓𝑏𝑦 = 1.6 𝑤𝑡 𝑀𝑃𝑎
Dimensions of the purlins are 100 mm and 150 mm. Given the following
data:
1 &2. Find the bending stresses, 𝑓𝑏𝑥 &𝑓𝑏𝑦 , (MPa) due to dead and live load.
Properties rectangular section:
𝑆𝑥 = 37.5 × 104 𝑚𝑚3 NORMAL LOAD:
𝑆𝑦 = 25 × 104 𝑚𝑚3
𝑤𝑛 = 750 + 1000 𝑠 cos 35°
Simple span = 6m
𝑁 1 𝑘𝑁
Spacing of purlins = 0.90m with two sag rods @ 2m = 1750 0.90 cos 35° ×
𝑚 1000 𝑁
Angle of inclination of truss = 35°
𝑘𝑁
Loads = 1.29
𝑚
Roof loads (applied at centroid of purlin)
TANGENTIAL LOAD: 𝜃
Dead load = 750 Pa (including weight of purlin)
Live load = 1000 Pa 𝑤𝑡 = 750 + 1000 𝑠 sin 35°
Wind Pressure = 1440 Pa 𝑁 1 𝑘𝑁
= 1750 0.90 sin 35° ×
Wind pressure coefficient at windward side = 0.24 (pressure) 𝑚 1000 𝑁
Wind pressure coefficient at leeward side = 0.52 (suction) 𝑘𝑁
= 0.9034
Assume that all loads pass through the centroid of the rectangular section. 𝑚
1. Find the bending stress, 𝑓𝑏𝑥 , (MPa) due to dead and live load. 𝑓𝑏𝑥 = 10.667 𝑤𝑛 𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝑓𝑏𝑦 = 1.6 𝑤𝑡 𝑀𝑃𝑎
2. Find the bending stress, 𝑓𝑏𝑦 , (MPa) due to dead and live load.
3. Find the interaction value for 0.75(W+D+L) at the windward side if 𝑓𝑏𝑥 = 10.667 (1.29)𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝑓𝑏𝑦 = 1.6 (0.9034)𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝐹𝑏𝑥 = 𝐹𝑏𝑦 = 24 𝑀𝑃𝑎.
𝒇𝒃𝒙 = 𝟏𝟑. 𝟕𝟔 𝑴𝑷𝒂 𝒇𝒃𝒚 = 𝟏. 𝟒𝟒𝟓 𝑴𝑷𝒂
Situation 2- Molave at 80% Stress Grade is used as a purlin of a truss.
Dimensions of the purlins are 100 mm and 150 mm. Given the following 𝑓𝑏𝑥 = 10.667 𝑤𝑛 𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝑓𝑏𝑦 = 1.6 𝑤𝑡 𝑀𝑃𝑎
data:
Properties rectangular section: 3. Find the interaction value for 0.75(W+D+L) at the windward side if 𝐹𝑏𝑥 =
𝑆𝑥 = 37.5 × 104 𝑚𝑚3 𝐹𝑏𝑦 = 24 𝑀𝑃𝑎.
𝑆𝑦 = 25 × 104 𝑚𝑚3
.
NORMAL LOAD:
Simple span = 6m 𝑘𝑁
𝑤𝑛 = 1.29 + 1.44 ∗ 0.24 0.90 ∗ 0.75
Spacing of purlins = 0.90m with two sag rods @ 2m 𝑚
𝑘𝑁
Angle of inclination of truss = 35° = 1.2
𝑚
Loads
TANGENTIAL LOAD:
Roof loads (applied at centroid of purlin) 𝑘𝑁
𝑤𝑡 = 0.9034 ∗ 0.75
Dead load = 750 Pa (including weight of purlin) 𝑘𝑁 𝑚
Live load = 1000 Pa = 0. 678
𝑚
Wind Pressure = 1440 Pa
𝑓𝑏𝑥 = 10.667 𝑤𝑛 𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝑓𝑏𝑦 = 1.6 𝑤𝑡 𝑀𝑃𝑎
Wind pressure coefficient at windward side = 0.24 (pressure)
𝑓𝑏𝑦 = 1.6(0.678)𝑀𝑃𝑎
Wind pressure coefficient at leeward side = 0.52 (suction) 𝑓𝑏𝑥 = 10.667 (1.2)𝑀𝑃𝑎
Assume that all loads pass through the centroid of the channel section. 𝑓𝑏𝑦 = 1.085 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑓𝑏𝑥 = 12.8 𝑀𝑃𝑎
1. Find the bending stress, 𝑓𝑏𝑥 , (MPa) due to dead and live load.
2. Find the bending stress, 𝑓𝑏𝑦 , (MPa) due to dead and live load.
12.8 1.085
𝐼𝑁𝑇𝐸𝑅𝐴𝐶𝑇𝐼𝑂𝑁 𝑉𝐴𝐿𝑈𝐸 = +
3. Find the interaction value for 0.75(W+D+L) at the windward side if 24 24
𝐹𝑏𝑥 = 𝐹𝑏𝑦 = 24 𝑀𝑃𝑎.
= 𝟎. 𝟓𝟕𝟗 𝒐𝒓 𝟎. 𝟓𝟖
Situation 3- Molave at 80% Stress Grade is used as a purlin of a truss whose top chord is sloped at 3H to 1V as shown in the Figure. Assume all
loads pass through the centroid of the section.
Properties rectangular section:
𝑆𝑥 = 37.5 × 104 𝑚𝑚3
𝑆𝑦 = 25 × 104 𝑚𝑚3
𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = 71 𝑁/𝑚
𝐿1 =𝐿2 =𝐿3 = 2m
Loads
Roof loads:
Dead Load = 1200 Pa
Live Load = 576 Pa
Wind Pressure = 1.44 kPa
Wind pressure coefficient at windward side = 0.2 (pressure)
Wind pressure coefficient at leeward side = 0.6 (suction)
Allowable stresses:
𝐹𝑏𝑥 = 𝐹𝑏𝑦 = 24 𝑀𝑃𝑎
For D+L+W load combination 1/3 increase in allowable stress is permitted.
1. Using two lines of sag rods, find the safe spacing of purlins (in m) due to dead load plus live load only.
2. Using two lines of sag rods, find the safe spacing of purlins (in m) due to dead load plus live load plus wind load on the windward side.
3. Compute the total flexural stress (MPa) due to dead load plus live load plus wind load on the leeward side if the purlins are spaced 0.75 m with
two sag rods at third points.
Situation 3- Molave at 80% Stress Grade is used as a purlin of a truss whose top chord is
sloped at 3H to 1V as shown in the Figure. Assume all loads pass through the centroid of
the section.
Properties rectangular section:
𝑆𝑥 = 37.5 × 104 𝑚𝑚3
𝑆𝑦 = 25 × 104 𝑚𝑚3
𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = 71 𝑁/𝑚
𝐿1 =𝐿2 =𝐿3 = 2m
𝑤𝑛 𝐿2 𝑤𝑡 𝐿2
Loads 𝑀𝑥 = 𝑀𝑦 =
Roof loads:
9 90
Dead Load = 1200 Pa 𝑤𝑡 (62 ) 𝑤𝑡 (62 )
= =
Live Load = 576 Pa 9 90
Wind Pressure = 1.44 kPa
= 4 𝑤𝑛 N-m = 0.40 𝑤𝑡 N-m
Wind pressure coefficient at windward side = 0.2 (pressure)
Wind pressure coefficient at leeward side = 0.6 (suction) 𝑀𝑥 𝑀𝑦
𝑓𝑏𝑥 = 𝑓𝑏𝑦 =
Allowable stresses: 𝑆𝑥 𝑆𝑦
𝐹𝑏𝑥 = 𝐹𝑏𝑦 = 24 𝑀𝑃𝑎
4 𝑤𝑛 × 106 𝑁 − 𝑚𝑚 0.40 𝑤𝑡 × 106 𝑁 − 𝑚𝑚
= =
For D+L+W load combination 1/3 increase in allowable stress is permitted.
37.5 × 104 𝑚𝑚3 25 × 104 𝑚𝑚3
1. Using two lines of sag rods, find the safe spacing of purlins (in m) due to dead load = 10.67 𝑤𝑛 𝑀𝑃𝑎 = 1.6 𝑤𝑡 𝑀𝑃𝑎
plus live load only.
2. Using two lines of sag rods, find the safe spacing of purlins (in m) due to dead load
plus live load plus wind load on the windward side.
3. Compute the total flexural stress (MPa) due to dead load plus live load plus wind load
on the leeward side if the purlins are spaced 0.75 m with two sag rods at third points.
 𝑓𝑏𝑥 = 10.67 𝑤𝑛 𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝑓𝑏𝑦 = 1.6 𝑤𝑡 𝑀𝑃𝑎

1. Using two lines of sag rods, find the safe spacing of purlins
(in m) due to dead load plus live load only.

NORMAL LOAD:
𝑤𝑛 = 71 cos 18.435° + 1200 + 576 𝑠 cos 18.435°
𝑁 1 𝑘𝑁
1 = 67.356 + 1684.86𝑠 ×
tan 𝜃 = 𝑚 1000 𝑁
3 𝑘𝑁
1 = 0.0674 + 1.685𝑠
𝜃= 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑚
3
𝜃 = 18.435° TANGENTIAL LOAD:
𝑤𝑡 = 71 sin 18.435° + 1200 + 576 𝑠 sin 18.435°
𝑁 1 𝑘𝑁
= 22.452 + 561.622𝑠 ×
𝑚 1000 𝑁
𝑘𝑁
𝜃 = 0.022 + 0.562𝑠
𝑚
Situation 3- Molave at 80% Stress Grade is used as a purlin of a truss whose top chord is
sloped at 3H to 1V as shown in the Figure. Assume all loads pass through the centroid of 𝑓𝑏𝑥 = 10.67 𝑤𝑛 𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝑓𝑏𝑦 = 1.6 𝑤𝑡 𝑀𝑃𝑎
the section.
Properties rectangular section: 1. Using two lines of sag rods, find the safe spacing of purlins
𝑆𝑥 = 37.5 × 104 𝑚𝑚3 (in m) due to dead load plus live load only.
𝑆𝑦 = 25 × 104 𝑚𝑚3 𝑘𝑁
𝑤𝑛 = 0.0674 + 1.685𝑠
𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = 71 𝑁/𝑚 𝑚
𝐿1 =𝐿2 =𝐿3 = 2m 𝑘𝑁
𝑤𝑡 = 0.022 + 0.562𝑠
Loads 𝑚
Roof loads: 𝑓𝑏𝑥 = 10.67 𝑤𝑛 𝑀𝑃𝑎
Dead Load = 1200 Pa
= 10.67 0.0674 + 1.685𝑠 𝑀𝑃𝑎
Live Load = 576 Pa
= 0.719 + 17.979𝑠 𝑀𝑃𝑎
Wind Pressure = 1.44 kPa
Wind pressure coefficient at windward side = 0.2 (pressure) 𝑓𝑏𝑦 = 1.6 𝑤𝑡 𝑀𝑃𝑎
Wind pressure coefficient at leeward side = 0.6 (suction) = 1.6 0.022 + 0.562𝑠 𝑀𝑃𝑎
Allowable stresses: = 0.0352 + 0.899𝑠 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝐹𝑏𝑥 = 𝐹𝑏𝑦 = 24 𝑀𝑃𝑎
For D+L+W load combination 1/3 increase in allowable stress is permitted. 0.719 + 17.979𝑠 0.0352 + 0.899𝑠
+ =1
1. Using two lines of sag rods, find the safe spacing of purlins (in m) due to dead load 24 24
plus live load only.
2. Using two lines of sag rods, find the safe spacing of purlins (in m) due to dead load
plus live load plus wind load on the windward side. 𝒔 = 𝟏. 𝟐𝟑𝟏 𝒎 𝒐𝒓 𝟏. 𝟐𝟎 𝒎
3. Compute the total flexural stress (MPa) due to dead load plus live load plus wind load
on the leeward side if the purlins are spaced 0.75 m with two sag rods at third points.
 𝑓𝑏𝑥 = 10.67 𝑤𝑛 𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝑓𝑏𝑦 = 1.6 𝑤𝑡 𝑀𝑃𝑎

2. Using two lines of sag rods, find the safe spacing of purlins
(in m) due to dead load plus live load plus wind load on the
windward side.

NORMAL LOAD:
𝑤𝑛 = 0.0674 + 1.685𝑠 +(1.44 *0.20)s
𝑘𝑁
= 1.973𝑠 + 0.0674
1 𝑚
tan 𝜃 =
3
1
𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1
3
𝜃 = 18.435° TANGENTIAL LOAD:
𝑤𝑡 = 71 sin 18.435° + 1200 + 576 𝑠 sin 18.435°
𝑁 1 𝑘𝑁
= 22.452 + 561.622𝑠 ×
𝑚 1000 𝑁
𝑘𝑁
𝜃 = 0.022 + 0.562𝑠
𝑚
Situation 3- Molave at 80% Stress Grade is used as a purlin of a truss whose top chord is
sloped at 3H to 1V as shown in the Figure. Assume all loads pass through the centroid of 𝑓𝑏𝑥 = 10.67 𝑤𝑛 𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝑓𝑏𝑦 = 1.6 𝑤𝑡 𝑀𝑃𝑎
the section.
Properties rectangular section: 2. Using two lines of sag rods, find the safe spacing of purlins
𝑆𝑥 = 37.5 × 104 𝑚𝑚3 (in m) due to dead load plus live load plus wind load on the
𝑆𝑦 = 25 × 104 𝑚𝑚3
windward side. 𝑘𝑁
𝑤𝑛 = 1.973𝑠 + 0.0674
𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = 71 𝑁/𝑚 𝑚
𝐿1 =𝐿2 =𝐿3 = 2m 𝑘𝑁
𝑤𝑡 = 0.022 + 0.562𝑠
Loads 𝑚
Roof loads: 𝑓𝑏𝑥 = 10.67 𝑤𝑛 𝑀𝑃𝑎
Dead Load = 1200 Pa = 10.67 1.973𝑠 + 0.0674 𝑀𝑃𝑎
Live Load = 576 Pa = 21.05𝑠 + 0.719 𝑀𝑃𝑎
Wind Pressure = 1.44 kPa
Wind pressure coefficient at windward side = 0.2 (pressure) 𝑓𝑏𝑦 = 1.6 𝑤𝑡 𝑀𝑃𝑎
Wind pressure coefficient at leeward side = 0.6 (suction) = 1.6 0.022 + 0.562𝑠 𝑀𝑃𝑎
Allowable stresses: = 0.0352 + 0.899𝑠 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝐹𝑏𝑥 = 𝐹𝑏𝑦 = 24 𝑀𝑃𝑎
For D+L+W load combination 1/3 increase in allowable stress is permitted. 21.05𝑠 + 0.719 0.0352 + 0.899𝑠
+ =1
1. Using two lines of sag rods, find the safe spacing of purlins (in m) due to dead load 1 1
1 + 3 24 1 + 3 24
plus live load only.
2. Using two lines of sag rods, find the safe spacing of purlins (in m) due to dead load
plus live load plus wind load on the windward side. 𝒔 = 𝟏. 𝟒𝟐 𝒎 𝒐𝒓 𝟏. 𝟒𝟎 𝒎
3. Compute the total flexural stress (MPa) due to dead load plus live load plus wind load
on the leeward side if the purlins are spaced 0.75 m with two sag rods at third points.
 𝑓𝑏𝑥 = 10.67 𝑤𝑛 𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝑓𝑏𝑦 = 1.6 𝑤𝑡 𝑀𝑃𝑎

3. Compute the total flexural stress (MPa) due to dead load

plus live load plus wind load on the leeward side if the purlins
are spaced 0.75 m with two sag rods at third points.

NORMAL LOAD:
𝑤𝑛 = 0.0674 + 1.685𝑠 -(1.44 *0.60)s
𝑘𝑁
= 0.821𝑠 + 0.0674
1 𝑚
tan 𝜃 =
3
1
𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1
3
𝜃 = 18.435° TANGENTIAL LOAD:
𝑤𝑡 = 71 sin 18.435° + 1200 + 576 𝑠 sin 18.435°
𝑁 1 𝑘𝑁
= 22.452 + 561.622𝑠 ×
𝑚 1000 𝑁
𝑘𝑁
𝜃 = 0.022 + 0.562𝑠
𝑚
Situation 3- Molave at 80% Stress Grade is used as a purlin of a truss whose top chord is
sloped at 3H to 1V as shown in the Figure. Assume all loads pass through the centroid of 𝑓𝑏𝑥 = 10.67 𝑤𝑛 𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝑓𝑏𝑦 = 1.6 𝑤𝑡 𝑀𝑃𝑎
the section.
Properties rectangular section: 3. Compute the total flexural stress (MPa) due to dead load
𝑆𝑥 = 37.5 × 104 𝑚𝑚3 plus live load plus wind load on the leeward side if the purlins
𝑆𝑦 = 25 × 104 𝑚𝑚3
are spaced 0.75 m with two sag rods at third points.
𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = 71 𝑁/𝑚 𝑘𝑁
𝑤𝑛 = 0.821𝑠 + 0.0674
𝐿1 =𝐿2 =𝐿3 = 2m 𝑚
Loads 𝑘𝑁
𝑤𝑡 = 0.022 + 0.562𝑠
Roof loads: 𝑚
Dead Load = 1200 Pa 𝑓𝑏𝑥 = 10.67 𝑤𝑛 𝑀𝑃𝑎
Live Load = 576 Pa
= 10.67 0.821(0.75) + 0.0674 𝑀𝑃𝑎
Wind Pressure = 1.44 kPa
= 7.289 𝑀𝑃𝑎
Wind pressure coefficient at windward side = 0.2 (pressure)
Wind pressure coefficient at leeward side = 0.6 (suction) 𝑓𝑏𝑦 = 1.6 𝑤𝑡 𝑀𝑃𝑎
Allowable stresses: = 1.6 0.022 + 0.562(0.75 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝐹𝑏𝑥 = 𝐹𝑏𝑦 = 24 𝑀𝑃𝑎 = 0.7096 𝑀𝑃𝑎
For D+L+W load combination 1/3 increase in allowable stress is permitted.
1. Using two lines of sag rods, find the safe spacing of purlins (in m) due to dead load 𝑓𝑏 = (7.289 + 0.7096) 𝑀𝑃𝑎
plus live load only.
2. Using two lines of sag rods, find the safe spacing of purlins (in m) due to dead load 𝑓𝑏 = 𝟕. 𝟗𝟗𝟗 𝑴𝑷𝒂
plus live load plus wind load on the windward side.
3. Compute the total flexural stress (MPa) due to dead load plus live load plus wind load
on the leeward side if the purlins are spaced 0.75 m with two sag rods at third points.
END OF DISCUSSION