Scribd
Upload
13 views

Lecture 4

Uploaded by

22UG1-0779 ASFAK A.S.M.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
13 views

Lecture 4

Uploaded by

22UG1-0779 ASFAK A.S.M.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 16

Module Title: Analog Electronics 1

(TEE 1202).

PN Junction Diode-Lecture 04

Sri Lanka Technological Campus (SLTC)

School of Technology: Electronics Technology.

Conducted by: Dayantha Lankanath/Deshan Diyadawa.


Email: [email protected]/[email protected]
Lecture Overview.

❑Half Wave Rectifier.


❑Full Wave Rectifier.
Half Wave Rectifier – (Ideal Diode).
❖ Generally a rectifier circuit is used to convert an
alternating voltage/current waveform into a direct
voltage/current waveform.
❖ The process of removing one-half the input signal to
establish a dc level is called half-wave rectification .
❖ A simple half-wave rectifier circuit is given in the
figure, consider the diode to be ideal (not Si, Ge, or
GaAs).
❖ Input signal: time varying signal (sinusoidal signal).
The average value over one full cycle, defined by the
period T is zero.
Half-wave rectifier.
❖Output waveform vo will have an average value of
particular use in the ac-to-dc conversion process.

❖When employed in the rectification process, a diode


is typically referred to as a rectifier. Its power and
current ratings are typically much higher than
those of diodes employed in other applications, such
as computers and communication systems.
Simple block diagram of a rectifier.
Half Wave Rectifier – (Ideal Diode).

Conduction region (0 → T/2).

❖During the interval 0➔T/2 the sinusoidal input voltage goes positive, the diode is forward biased and
conducts current through the load resistor. The current produces an output voltage across the load resistor
which has the same shape as the positive half-cycle of the input voltage.

❖As we considered diode to be ideal in this case, short-circuit equivalence can be used to represent the
forward biased ideal diode, where it is fairly obvious that the output signal is an exact replica of the applied
signal. The two terminals defining the output voltage are connected directly to the applied signal via the
short-circuit equivalence of the diode.
Half Wave Rectifier – (Ideal Diode).

Nonconduction region (T/2 →T).

❖During the interval T/2 ➔T (during the second half cycle) the sinusoidal input voltage goes negative, the
diode is reverse biased. There is no current, so the voltage across the load resistor is 0 V. The net result is
that only the positive half-cycle of the AC input voltage appear across the load. Since the output doesn’t
change polarity, it is a pulsating DC voltage with the same frequency as the input.

❖As we considered diode to be ideal, open-circuit equivalence can be used to represent the reversed-biased
(off state) ideal diode. The result is the absence of a path for charge to flow, and vo = IR = (0)R = 0 V for the
period T/2 ➔T.
Half Wave Rectifier – (Ideal Diode).
vP = Peak value of the voltage

Average value of the half-wave rectified circuit.

vAVG = vdc= Average value of the half-wave output voltage.

❖Average Value of the Half-Wave Output Voltage.


Half-wave rectified signal.
The average value of the half-wave rectified output voltage is the
value that is measured in the DC voltmeter. Mathematically, it is
determined by finding the area under the curve over a full cycle, and
then dividing by 2π, the number of radians in a full cycle.

or
Half Wave Rectifier – (Ideal Diode).

Or you can use this equation ➔


Effect of the Barrier Potential on the Half Wave Rectifier Output.

Effect of barrier potential on half-wave rectified signal.


❖During the previous discussion of half wave rectification , the diode was considered ideal, but when a
practical diode model is used such as Si the barrier potential if 0.7 V has be taken into account.
❖The applied signal must now be at least 0.7 V before the diode can turn “on” (forward bias). For levels of
input signal vi less than 0.7 V, the diode is still in an open-circuit state and vo = 0 V. When conducting, the
difference between vo and vi is a fixed level of (barrier potential) vK = 0.7 V and vo = vi – vK➔
vo = vi – 0.7 V.
❖The net effect is a reduction in area above the axis, which reduces the resulting dc voltage level. For
situations where vm >> vK (barrier potential)the following equation can be applied to determine the
average value with a relatively high level of accuracy.
Effect of the Barrier Potential on the Half Wave Rectifier Output.
❖Example problem ; Electronics Devices and Circuit Theory (11 Ed) Robert L. Boylestad Louis Nashelsky,
page 74.
Effect of the Barrier Potential on the Half Wave Rectifier Output.
Effect of the Barrier Potential on the Half Wave Rectifier Output.
Effect of the Barrier Potential on the Half Wave Rectifier Output.
❖Example problem ; Electronics Devices Conventional Current Version(7 Ed) Floyd, page 53.
Effect of the Barrier Potential on the Half Wave Rectifier Output.
❖Example problem ; Electronics Devices Conventional Current Version(7 Ed) Floyd, page 53.
The Peak Inverse Voltage (PIV) or PRV (Peak Reverse Voltage).
❖The PIV equals the peak value of the input voltage, and the diode must be capable of withstanding this
amount of repetitive reverse voltage.

❖For the diode in the figure below , the maximum value of reverse voltage , designated as PIV, occurs at the
peak of each negative alteration of the input voltage when the diode is reverse-biased.
Full-wave Rectification.

Full-wave rectifier.

❖ Full wave rectifier allows unidirectional (one-way) current


through load during entire 360˚ of the input cycle.
❖ The result of full-wave rectification is and output voltage
with a frequency twice the input frequency that pulsates
every half-cycle of the input.
❖ The dc level obtained from a sinusoidal input can be
improved 100% using a process called full-wave rectification
.
❖ The most familiar network for performing full-wave Full-wave bridge rectifier.
rectification is four diodes in bridge configuration.
Full-wave Rectification-(Full-wave bridge rectifier).

Full-wave bridge rectifier. Circuit function for the period 0 →T/2 of the input voltage vi .

Refer “Full Wave Rectification” pages 75-77:


Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory 11ed by
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky.

(Watch the lecture video for the explanation).


Conduction path for the positive region of vi .

You might also like